Impahla nophahla: iinkcukacha. Ukubeka izinto nophahla (iifoto)

izinto nophahla nophahla, iinkcukacha zobugcisa ukwenzela izinto bafezekise imigangatho ephezulu yokwenziwa komsebenzi, liye lasetyenziswa kwifowni esibekwa ngamanzi kophahla ngempumelelo. Easy ukufaka kunye nenkonzo Likwavumela Product Construction njengoko ababhekisi phambili zabucala, kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zokwakha.

impahla nophahla: ezizodwa zobugcisa

Indlela yokugweba ye-nokuvavanya umgangatho izinto eyenziwe ngezinto iimfuno zokuxhoma. Kuyinto lobumanzi, ngesidanga ukufakwa kwamanzi, ukumelana iqabaka kunye nokumelana nobushushu, ukukwazi ukubonisa UV eyingozi njalo njalo. Kwakhona ebalulekileyo inqaba laphu, ukususela ukusetyenziswa ngoLwesithathu isoloko ndlongondlongo kakhulu, kwaye eluphahleni amandla elongezelelweyo iyafuneka.

izinto nophahla ezenziwe lamanqanaba eziliqela ikhadibhodi ezilula buzane ngetha isisombululo. Eli laphu ogqityiweyo omabini la maqela nala maleko ubhityileyo elinjubaqa yebhitumene, leyo umaleko ke isicelo flouring emele entle mixture shale, isanti okanye mica, kunye umahluko ubukhulu ingqolowa isaziwa uphawu lokwahlula zokumakisha. Kwelinye icala, umaleko lekalika izinto nophahla okanye talc ukunqanda wokuqwlasela layer zijije ibe esongwayo.

iimpawu ingqokelela

Njengokuba umsebenzi, kunye izinto ezifanayo bituminous, nophahla ngokubekwa waziva kufuneka kwenziwe kwindawo eyomileyo ahlambuluke. Ngenye imini ngaphambi kokuba maxabiso unwound kwaye bavunyelwe ukuqondisa up. Xa Ilaphu eqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe ngekhadibhodi kuyacetyiswa ngokubekwa maleko ubuncinane ezine, kunye maleko yangaphakathi ezenziwe khazi kophahla oboyudogladkih uqengqa, kwaye umaleko eliphezulu kufuneka uhlalutye enkulu. Le ndlela ingqokelela lisetyenziswa kubagubungela uphahla ngaphandle bend.

Kwimeko yeencwadi nezibonelelo nophahla, polyethylene subbase zokusetyenziswa labels awodwa zemastic bituminous. Kukho iindidi ezimbini intlama, "shushu" kwaye "kuyabanda." Xa indlela eshushu yemastic osuke kwaye isetyenziswa zemastic ebandayo, a ulungele ukuyisebenzisa.

Le zeendawana kuyo izinto nophahla ndibekelwe ngaphambili ukuba ukuba lulungele. Le ncwadi zingathengwa esele zenziwe, oko kuya konga ixesha okanye ukuba zilungiselele ukuchitha itha kwi ipetroli okanye separafini.

Emva kokuba primer yomile kuyo umaleko imastic wabeka nophahla waziva uze egcina seqela 70-100 mm. Upper layers khazi kophahla ukuba kwatshintsha elinye kwisithathu ububanzi belaphu, kunye ngelaphu layigubungela maleko yokugqibela yemastic kunye ngumgubo ngakumbi wesanti erhabaxa okanye luhlalu.

Zophahla wayevakalelwa izinto ezifulelwe

izinto nophahla elisezantsi iindleko-uvumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo nje izinto nophahla kulwakhiwo esezantsi-mali, kunye lula ingqokelela yenza kube lula ukwenza abasebenzi ezisezantsi abanezakhono inani elincinane labasebenzi.

1. Isigaba sokuqala sale ukulungiselela ukutyabeka kwezinto nophahla, kuyimfuneko ukwakha crate. Kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo peculiarity ngayo umbandela, ezizezi nezimo kunye luthambe. Umgama phakathi iibhodi sheathing kufuneka abe ngaphezulu kwe-10-15 cm.
2. Ukuthintela kuka imvula nekhephu umthwalo esicetyiswayo gqolo ukutyabeka inwebu ngamaplanga sheathing.
3. Kuxhomekeka utyekelo kophahla, nenani lamanqanaba na lincitshiswe. Ngokomzekelo, uphahla kunye kummango oya degrees 34-40 na eDibanisa ngeengcamba ezimbini kuphela ngezinto ezifulelwe.

Iinketho sokunikela kwemathiriyeli nophahla phezu kophahla

Kuba walifulela izinto nophahla ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo ogama iinkcukacha ziquka erhabaxa uthuli kunye posypku.

A indlela elula engadingi ukuba yemfundo eyodwa, kungekabekwa izinto nophahla kwi ikreyiti lwemizobo ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kunye seqela ka 20-30 cm nge skate. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ubude cover uluhlu kuvumela nje ezimbini kophahla, ngaphandle ucutha le web ukuba bebodwa. Ngoku bakhululwe umbandela nophahla yorhwebo phezu kophahla kunye uhlalutye yomgrayo linobude oziimitha ezili-10, nothuli kunye uhlalutye - kangangeemitha ezili-15, nto leyo ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe uhlobo ekunene kunye nobukhulu umqulu ukuba kuyimfuneko kuba uphahla ethile.

Indlela yesibini ngake xaka ngakumbi, le ingqokelela sheets ngapha phezu kophahla. Iphepha lokuqala ibekwa ngezantsi ngenxa eludinini encinane emqukumbelweni, kwaye elandelayo - kunye shift phezu ezidlulileyo. Horse igutyungelwe iphepha umntu agobe zombini ithambeka eliseluphahleni.

Indlela yesithathu zidityaniswe zombini. Zophahla wayebathanda uphahla umaleko wokuqala ibhuqiwe ngezithandelo longitudinal, kwaye elandelayo - enqamlezileyo.

Kulo mzekelo zonke imicu ayinakutshintshwa ngokusebenzisa metal okanye ngamaplanga wabethelelwa ikreyiti.

zingangenwa ruberoid

Ngenxa ukwakhiwa isiseko izinto nophahla equka yokugquma isetyenziswa kakhulu rhoqo. Ikhusela ngokugqibeleleyo kumgangatho ongaphantsi kwesakhiwo nxamnye ukufuma kunye ngamathontsi. Le yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo nophahla izinto sokukhuselwa strip iziseko, umphezulu umaleko ongaphezulu yemastic lisetyenziswa apho kwaye web lifakwe lo maleko. Kuyanconywa ukuba phinda le nkqubo izihlandlo eziliqela ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ofanelekileyo ukuba zingangenwa. Uchatha akuyekele nesityalo njengoko nokuqhubekeka kumazantsi eli zingangenwa nkqo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukungabikho ngqo kwelanga elide ukunyuka kweenkonzo ezifulelwe kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengoko zingangenwa isiseko likuvumela ukuba ukulibala malunga kwakhona inkqubo iminyaka emininzi.

Le nokufaka standard

izinto nophahla yenziwe ngokungqinelana na GOST 10923-93, leyo kucacisiwe ngokucacileyo parameters kunye nemithetho zokuphawula.

Ubukhulu ezisisiseko izinto nophahla zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. ubude blade - kangangeemitha ezili-15.
2. ububanzi Web - 1 imitha.

Kwi izinto nophahla iinkcukacha, uphawu kunye nezinto onabileyo (iisimboli) ziyasetyenziswa ngqo kuluhlu. Bona kuboniswe ngoonobumba zilandelayo: K kunye P - ukuqeshwa nophahla, nophahla kunye underlayment; K, M, P, W - ibonisa uhlobo flouring izicelo ngexesha ngawo.

Umzekelo:

• incwadi K kuthetha ukuba izinto nophahla na Uhlalutye-olungisiweyo;
• incwadi M - zokutshiza olungisiweyo;
• P - uthuli lodwa;
• W - zokutshiza esirhabaxa.

Kwakhona khona amanani ukumakisha 300, 330, 350, 400, ebonisa lexinene cardboard underlay, nto leyo ulinganiswa grams square metre nganye.

Umzekelo, umboniso- PSC 300 ibonisa ukuba umqulu nophahla Imathiriyeli uphahla baxhaswa layer sele posypku uthuli zisetyenziselwe ukuvelisa paperboard onokuxinana grams 300 square metre nganye. Kwi-avareji, iindleko walifulela Russia - ukusuka engange-250 ukuya-350 umqulu ngamnye.

Ukubala inani ezifulelwe xa uthenga

Ukususela engile uphahla ixhomekeke kwinani kweengqimba izinto zokuxhoma uphahla. Xa ubona uphahla degrees 45 okanye ngaphezulu kufuna umaleko omnye kuphela, ashushu 20-40 kwanele iileya ezimbini, kwi 5-15 degrees-umaleko ezine ingqokelela iyafuneka. Kwi-avareji, ukufumba enye inwebu ezixabisa 75 engange square 1 imitha nganye. Uphahla Umaleko-mbini iya kuxabisa isiqingatha nje eninzi, oko kukuthi engange-130 square 1 imitha nganye.