Imithombo yendalo yokukhanya kunye nemveliso: imizekelo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yokukhanya yokufakelwa. Iintlobo zemithombo yokukhanya yomsebenzi

Sisoloko sihlala sijikelezwe ngokukhanya, njengokuba luyingxenye ebalulekileyo yobomi. Umlilo, ilanga, inyanga okanye ithala lesibane - zonke zihambelana nale nqanaba. Ngoku umsebenzi wethu uza kuba ukuqwalasela imithombo yemithombo yemvelo kunye neyobugcisa.

Ngaphambili, abantu babengenayo i-alarms eziqilima kunye neefowuni ezisinceda sivuke xa kuyimfuneko. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngeLanga. Kuvukile - abantu baqala umsebenzi, idolophana - baya kuphumla. Kodwa, ngokuhamba kwexesha, sifunde ukuba siphumelele imithombo yokukhanya yokufakelwa, siza kuthetha ngabo ngokubanzi kwinqaku. Kubalulekile ukuqala ngombono obaluleke kakhulu.

KuKhanya

Ngokomxholo jikelele, kungumtshangatshi (i-electromagnetic) ebonwa ngamalungu ombono womntu. Kodwa kusekho iifowuni ezibonwa ngumntu (ukusuka ku-380 ukuya ku-780 nm). Ngaphambi koku, kukho imisebe ye-ultraviolet. Nangona asiyikubona, kodwa isikhumba sethu siyayibona (ukushisa kwelanga), emva kwesi sikhokelo se-infrared radiation passes, ezinye izinto eziphilayo ziyabona, kwaye zibonwa njengomuntu ngumntu.

Ngoku makhe sihlolisise lo mbuzo: kutheni ukukhanya kwemibala eyahlukileyo? Yonke into incike kwi-length length, umzekelo, umbala we-violet uyakhiwa ngumbane wamagagasi ama-380 nm ubude, obuluhlaza kwi-500 nm, obomvu ngo-625. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imibala ephambili 7 esinokuyigcina ngexesha lezinto ezifana nomnkantsha. Kodwa ezininzi, ingakumbi imithombo yokukhanya, ukukhupha umbala omhlophe. Nokuba uthetha i-bulb evulekileyo exhomekeke kwigumbi lakho, ngokunokwenzeka ngamaphesenti angama-90, ikhanyisa ngokukhanya okumhlophe. Ngoko, itholakala ngokuxuba yonke imibala ephambili:

• Ebomvu.
• Orange.
• Ephuzi.
• Oluhlaza.
• EliBlue.
• EliBlue.
• Ezimhlophe.

Kulula kakhulu ukukhumbula, abaninzi basebenzisa imizila enje: bonke abazingeli bafuna ukwazi apho i-pheasant ihleli khona. Kwaye iileta zokuqala zegama ngalinye kwaye zikhethe umbala, ngendlela, kwi-rainbow zifumaneka ngqo kule ndlela. Emva kokuba sisebenzisana naloo mbono, siyancoma ukuba siqhubeke nombuzo othi " Imithombo yokukhanya yendalo kunye neyokusebenza." Siza kuhlalutya zonke iintlobo ngeenkcukacha.

Imithombo yokukhanya

Akukho nto kwixesha lethu nawuphi na isebe loqoqosho, okungekho kwimveliso yalo engayisebenzisi imithombo yokukhanya yokufakelwa. Umntu waqala nini ukuvelisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo? Kwakusekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesithoba, kwaye imbangela yokuphuhliswa kweshishini yenziwe izibane ze-arc kunye ne-incandescence.

Imithombo yokukhanya kwendalo kunye nomsebenzi - umzimba onokukhangela ukukhanya, okanye ngokuchanekileyo, ukuguqula amandla omnye kwenye. Ngokomzekelo, umbane wamandla kwisangqa sombane. Ukusebenza kulo mgaqo, umthombo wokukhanya wokufakelwa ngumbane wombane, oqhelekileyo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla.

Sathi kwicandelo lokugqibela ukuba akusikho konke ukukhanya okubonakalayo kwimizimba yethu ebonakalayo, kodwa nangona kunjalo umthombo wokukhanya yinto leyo ekhupha amaza angabonakali kwiso.

Ukwahlula

Okokuqala, bonke bahlula baba ngamaqela amabini amakhulu:

• Imithombo yokukhanya yokufakelwa (izibani, ukushisa, amakhandlela njalonjalo).
• Indalo (ukukhanya kwelanga, inyanga, ukukhanya kweenkwenkwezi njalonjalo).

Kule meko, iklasi nganye, ngokwazo, ihlukaniswe ngamaqela kunye namacandana. Masiqale ngeyokuqala, imithombo yolwazi ichaza:

• Ukushisa.
• Luminescent.
• Ukukhanya kwe LED.

Ukwahlula ngokubanzi kuza kuqwalaselwa ngezantsi. Iklasi yesibini ibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ilanga.
• I-interstellar gas kunye neenkwenkwezi ngokwayo.
• Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi.
• Bioluminescence.

Imithombo yokukhanya yemvelo

Zonke izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya kwemvelaphi yemvelo ziyimithombo yendalo. Kule meko, ukukhutshwa kokukhanya kungabini kwipropati yesiseko kunye nesibini. Ukuba siqhathanisa imithombo yemithombo yendalo kunye nemveliso, imimiselo esele siyiqwalasele ngayo, imvelaphi yabo ephezulu ikhona kwinto yokuba oku kuvela kukukhanya okubonakalayo kwiso lethu ngenxa yomntu, okanye kunoko, kwimveliso.

Okokuqala, yintoni efika kwingqondo yomntu wonke, umthombo wemvelo nguLanga, owona mthombo wokukhanya nokushisa umhlaba wonke. Imithombo yemvelo yinkwenkwezi kunye neengqungquthela, ukukhutshwa kombane (umzekelo, umbane ngexesha lokuduma kwezulu), ukukhanya kwezinto eziphilayo, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-bioluminescence (izibhamu, ezinye izilwanyana zasemanzini ezihlala phantsi, njalo njalo). Imithombo yokukhanya yemvelo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ebantwini nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Iintlobo zemithombo yokukhanya yomsebenzi

Kutheni sifuna? Cinga indlela ubomi bethu buya kutshintsha ngayo ngaphandle kwezibane eziqhelekileyo, izibane zelanga kunye nezixhobo ezifanayo. Iyintoni injongo yokukhanya okubonakalayo? Ekudaleni imeko efanelekileyo kunye neemeko zokubonakala komntu, ngaloo ndlela igcina impilo kunye nenhlalakahle, ukunciphisa ukukhathala emehlweni.

Imithombo yokukhanya yokusebenza ingabelana ngokwahlukileyo, ibe ngamaqela, amaqela:

• Jikelele.
• Idibeneyo.

Ngokomzekelo, iqela lokuqala, yonke indawo yokuvelisa ihlala ikhanyiswa kunye neelwimi ezifanayo, ezikude kumgama omnye kunye namandla okubane izibane. Ukuba sithetha ngeqela lesibini, ke ezinye izikhanyiso zongezelelweyo zifakwe kwizinto ezikhankanyiweyo ngasentla, ezicaca ngokucacileyo nayiphi na indawo yomsebenzi, umzekelo, itafile okanye umatshini. Le mijelo eyongezelelweyo ibizwa ngokuba ngumbane wendawo. Ngelo xesha, ukuba usebenzise ukukhanya kwendawo kuphela, kuya kuba nefuthe kakhulu ekukhathaleni, kwaye umphumo uza kuba kwehla ekusebenzeni kakuhle, ngaphandle kwalokhu, izingozi kunye nezingozi zokusebenza emsebenzini.

Ukusebenza, ukukhawuleza kunye nokukhawuleza ukukhanya

Ukuba sibheka ukuhlelwa kwemithombo yoluntu ngokwemiqathango yenjongo, ngoko siyakwazi ukwahlula amaqela alandelayo:

• Sebenza;
• Igosa lo msebenzi;
• Ngxamiseko.

Ngoku kancinci malunga nohlobo ngalunye. Ukukhanyisa umsebenzi kuyo yonke indawo apho kuyimfuneko ukugcina amandla abasebenzi okanye ukukhanyisa indlela yokuthutha. Iklasi yesibini yokukhanyisa iqalisa ukusebenza emva kweeyure zokusebenza. Leli qela lokugqibela lifunekayo ukuxhasa umsebenzi wokuvelisa xa kukhishwa umthombo ophezulu (osebenzayo) umthombo, ungancinci, kodwa uyakwazi ukubuyisela okwesikhashana ukukhanya okusebenzayo.

Isibane se-Incandescent

Namhlanje, izibane ze-incandescent zezi ntlobo zilandelayo zisetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa iindawo zokuvelisa:

• Halogen.
• Ukukhutshwa kwegesi.

Kwaye yintoni isibane sothutho? Into yokuqala efuna ukuhlawulwa kukuba ngumthombo wombane, kwaye ukukhanya esikubonayo ngomzimba oshisayo obizwa ngokuba ngumzimba wokushisa. Ngaphambili (ngekhulu leshumi elinesithoba) umzimba wawufudumala kwizinto ezifana ne-tungsten, okanye kwi-alloy esekelwe kuyo. Ngoku kuyenziwe ngefayibhoni efikeleleke ngakumbi.

Iintlobo, iingenelo kunye nokungonakali

Ngoku, amashishini amashishini akhiqiza isibalo esikhulu sezibane ze-incandescent ezahlukahlukeneyo, phakathi kwazo ezithandwa kakhulu:

• Vumela.
• Iitampu kunye nokuzaliswa krypton.
• Bispiral.
• Izaliswe umxube wegesi ze-argon kunye ne-nitrogen.

Ngoku siza kuhlalutya umbuzo wokugqibela, ochaphazelekayo ngezibane zengxubevange, ezizibonelelo kunye nokungahambi. Iziphumo: zithengi ngokukodwa kwimveliso, zincinci ngobukhulu, ukuba uyaziphendulela, awudingi ukulinda de iqhube phezulu; ekuveliseni i-incandescent bulbs, izakhi ezinobuthi azisebenzisi; Sebenza ngethuba lokushisa kakhulu. Nangona uninzi lwezinto ezintle, zikhona izinto ezingenakulungeleka: azikhanyanga ngokukhawuleza, ukukhanya kunomzila wamanzi ophuzi, bashushu kakhulu ngexesha lokusebenza, ngezinye izikhathi kukhokelela kwimililo edibeneyo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.

Isibane sokukhutshwa kwegesi

Zonke ziyahlukana zibe zibane eziphakamileyo eziphantsi neengciphepheko, ininzi yazo isebenza kwi-mercury vapor. Batshintshe izibane ze-incandescent, esizijwayele kuzo, kodwa izibane zerhasi ezikhupha izitshalo zithintela ubuninzi bezinto ezincinci, enye enye esithe sithethileyo, oko kukuthi, inokwenzeka ukuba inetyhefu kunye ne-mercury, sinokuquka inzondo, i-flicker, ekhokelela ekukhathaleni ngokukhawuleza, I-spectect ye-radiation njalonjalo.

Ezi zibane zingasinceda ukuya kwiiyure ezingamawaka ezimashumi mabini, ewe, ukuba i-bulb ihambile, kwaye ukukhanya okuphuma kuyo kubangele umbala omhlophe okanye ongathathi hlangothi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo yokukhanya yokufakelwa kwemvelo kuyinto eqhelekileyo, umzekelo, iibane zokutshatyalaliswa kwegesi zihlala zihlala zisetyenziselwa kwiivenkile okanye kwiiofisi, ekukhanyiseni okanye ekukhanyeni izixhobo, ngokuqinisekileyo, izixhobo zokukhanyisa izakhono, azizange zenze ngaphandle kwesibane sokukhutshwa kwegesi.

Ngoku ukuveliswa kwezibane zokutshabalalisa igesi kuqhelekileyo, okubandakanya inani elikhulu leentsholongwane, enye yezona zidume kakhulu esiza kuziqwalasela kwangoku.

Isibane seFluorescent

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaye, lo luhlobo olulodwa lwesibane sokukhupha. Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa umthombo oyintloko wokukhanya, izibane zeplawurescent zinamandla kunokuba zibane izibane ze-incandescent kwaye ngexesha elifanayo zidla amandla afanayo. Ekubeni sele sesiqalile ukuthelekisa nezibane ze-incandescent, oku kulandelayo kuya ku fa neleka: ixesha lokuphila lamathambo e-fluorescent lingadlulela ixesha lokukhanya kwezibane ezingenayo i-incandescent.

Ngokuphathelele iintlobo zabo, bahlala basebenzisa isibane se- mercury esifana netyhubhu, kwaye ngaphakathi kuyo kukho i-fumes ye-mercury. Lo ngumthombo wokukhanya owonaqoqosho, oqhelekileyo kumaziko karhulumente (izikolo, izibhedlele, ii-ofisi kunye nokunye).

Imithombo yokukhanya kwendalo kunye nemveliso, imizekelo esiye siyicinga ngayo, imele imfuneko kumntu nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo zeplanethi yethu. Imithombo yemvelo ayivumeli ukuba silahleke ngexesha, kwaye izixhobo zinyamekela impilo yethu nenhlalakahle kumashishini, ukunciphisa ipesenti yezengozi nezingozi.