Imigaqo Modern izakhiwo iikhompyutha ezivulekileyo kunye neendlela kokuziphumeza nokwenza

Ngeminyaka yee-70s yenkulungwane ophelileyo yaqalisa "miniaturization" iikhompyutha - ziye zaphuhliswa zaza zahanjiswa PC. Baya kutshintshwa iikhompyutha enkulu kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - ziyafumaneka ukuze zisetyenziswe ekhaya. Injini iphambili yale nkqubo i US siqinile IBM, nto leyo inkokheli hlabathi kuphela kwimarike computer, kodwa umqalisi ke nokuqhubekayo kweli candelo.

Ukugcina isikhundla ayo aphambili kwimarike, ezi nkampani liqalise iqela lamanyathelo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe yaba kwacaca ukuba iindlela zorhwebo enye kuphela azisebenzi, kufuneka isisombululo ngokwesiseko ezintsha zobugcisa. Ukuba esi sigqibo kwaye uphuhliso izixhobo ukuba ziphumeze imigaqo izakhiwo evulelekile computing. Xa IBM, isebe ekhethekileyo zadalwa, nto leyo ukuhlalutya zonke izenzakalo kule ndawo, ukuze bahlole aze model isixhobo onjalo, nto leyo bazise zonke iingcamango progressive. Ngokusisiseko, oku kwakuthetha ukuba umgaqo open lwezakhiwo PC ekhutshelwe nje ingcamango kwinqanaba yokuqulunqwa ikamva computer.

izazinzulu IBM neenjineli abasebenza isebe iimeko zeteknoloji yenkululeko, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba asetyenziswe ukusombulula ingxaki imizekelo emihle amacandelo kubathengisi ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kumqhubekekisi wakhethwa zisusela Intel - eyona ngelo xesha Intel-8088, elibonelela umsebenzi with "funny" ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho yokugcina umthamo we-1 imegabhayithi. I-software bekufanele ukuba ulufumane kancinane kancinane yaziwa Microsoft.

Ngehlobo lowe-1981 Ndazalwa le ngokuncedisana - khompyutha wadala kwiinxalenye kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ncakasana Liquka siseko ekwakhiweni kwayo le izakhiwo evulelekile. Baye baba esingundoqo zonke iindlela olunye lophuhliso zobugcisa computer. Esi sikhundla kwaqinisekiswa nokuba isigama: kwabonakala ngelo xesha elithi "elihambelana ne-IBM PC» kuthetha ukuba esi sixhobo, nokuba eqokelelwe kwenye ngokuqinileyo, isixhobo ehambelana kwimilinganiselo IBM kwaye Liquka siseko open ukwakhiwa PC.

Igama elithi "vula" kwi-sikhokelo le bulumko kunye nobugcisa kuthetha ukuba khompyutha ekuqaleni yafakwa ithuba yohlaziyo nkqu inguqu efana yokuluka yabantwana, apho onke amaqela akanjalo interchangeable kwaye enye kuqokelela iintlobo kwezixhobo ukulungiswa. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba utshintsho kungabonwa njengoko ezinye uhlobo yimfihlelo yorhwebo, kodwa kunoko, babezazi kubasebenzisi kunye nokuphuculwa eyahlukileyo (replacement kwezinye iindawo kwelinye), ukukhuthaza inxaxheba iinkampani ukuba ukuvelisa amacandelo kwizicelo kuzo iikhompyutha.

Apha umzekeliso umyili sabantwana, ngokubanzi, waye isiseko apho lokuseka ukuphuhlisa imigaqo izakhiwo evulelekile. Okuphoxayo kukuba, ukufunyanwa kunye nosungulo ukusetyenziswa kwezi le migaqo edlalwe kwimbali IBM ayikho indima entle kakhulu. Le nkampani ngokwayo utshabaleleyo, kodwa nkqu ifunyenwe kuphela, akukho kukhethwa ngokwemigaqo zonyuselo yemarike kwamamdla yakhe. Ngaphezu koko, iinkampani ezininzi, esebenzisa imigaqo izakhiwo evulekileyo, ube okubaluleke kakhulu inkqubela kuphuhliso kunye nokukhuthazwa ishishini computer, kwanele ukunika umzekelo Microsoft.

"Lutho" ye computer mihla kukuba ngokupheleleyo zonke zobugcisa yayo kunye namacandelo Ukusebenzisana iinkcukacha kunye nabanye yaye ihlabathi ngaphandle nakowuphi na umntu nokuba uyazi kancinane kunye ubuchule yendoda. Kwaye oku, ke, ngokuphawulekayo kwandisa inani labasebenzisi ezinokwenzeka. Ngoko, igama elithi "vula" i umxholo zobugcisa nje kuphela, kodwa lwentlalo.