Imemori kwezentlalo: ukuqinisekisa imizekelo ethile

Khumbula ezidlulileyo lakho ibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuba zonke zabantu. Imbali yindawo apho bonke kufuneka wayezazi kakuhle, kuba oko kunika isitshixo ekuqondeni iziganeko zangaphambili elikude. Oku, unako ukusindisa abantu kwiimpazamo kwixesha elizayo. Inkumbulo kwezentlalo abasemhlabeni - yinto inkqubo enkulu yokuhlala, nto leyo likhula yonke imihla, "ukutya" iinkumbulo, uncwadi, umculo, njalo-njalo ...

lemveli lenkcubeko yoluntu

imemori Social, inkcazelo endababalwa ngezantsi, uthathwa ukuba isifundo uphando ahlukeneyo, kuba ubhetyebhetye kakhulu. Kuyinto inkqubo ebalulekileyo evumela ukuba adlulisele lemveli lenkcubeko, nto leyo kakhulu kunene, zahlukile kwaye bahlupheke. Ngenxa yokuba uluntu owasungula iindlela ezininzi Kwathi ulwazi lwabo, amava kunye nezimvo izizukulwana ezizayo, inkumbulo zentlalo, uluntu kakhulu, kuba loo nto bonke abantu.

Ilifa lenkcubeko kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ichaza elidlulileyo kwaye kunceda ukuqonda elizayo. Zinyamalale memory jikelele akakwazi, kodwa, ngelishwa, kulula kakhulu ukuba baxabane. amabali ayinyaniso imiba zolondolozo ebandakanyekayo iingcali nje kuphela kodwa abantu abaqhelekileyo. Bebhala iibhayografi, memoirs, ezo ayizange iprintwe naphi kwaye zilale kwindlu endala, kwindawo yokugcina enothuli kwaye belinde kwamaphiko. Yonke le mfihlakalo kucaca kungekudala kutheni uluntu ufunda ibali bakhe buyinyaniso.

ziimbaxa

Ukuze siqonde intsingiselo ingqiqo memory zentlalo, kufuneka ibe nzulu kancinci ukuya kwingcingane kunye bulumko. Bobabini inzululwazi lubonisa ukuba kukho zingqondweni ngokuhlangeneyo, olawula lonke uluntu. Ngokukodwa achaza le nkqubo kunzima kakhulu, kodwa into yokuba ingaba ayisekho, iye eqinisekisiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Eli gama Kunzima ukunika ngokuchaza stroke ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Okokuqala, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba sithetha ngayo ingqiqo onombono theoretical component. Okwesibini, umzekelo kunzima kakhulu. Noko ke, siphawula ukuba izazinzulu mihla ziye inkqubela kakhulu ngakumbi ababengaphambi kwakhe, yaye bakwazi ukunika inkcazo kolu luvo uze unike imizekelo ezithile.

Development of ingcamango memory ekuhlaleni uluntu elinalo kakhulu isiko elide kwimbali ngengqondo. iisayikholojisti Russian bamatasa kulo mba, uzama ukufumana kuye isiqinisekiso. LS Vygotsky, Luria kunye nezinye izazinzulu bakwazi ukubonisa ukuba ekuguquleni iziganeko lwezopolitiko zembali kubomi yoluntu anganefuthe ingqondo yomntu inkumbulo yakhe, zisenze ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha.

imemori social

Igama elithi luhlobo transfer of "Capital of Memory" amaqela asekuhlaleni, kwakunye neembono express ezithile, izikhundla kunye nemilinganiselo. imemori Social lesintu a etikitini yokuziphatha, amasiko kunye neemfundiso. Ngenxa yakhe, i "eyinkunzi" ezingasetyenziswanga memory ingasetyenziswa kwinkqubo zonxibelelwano, ukuyenza.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba igama elithi "imemori lwentlalo" yintloko izazinzulu zokufunda ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ulwazi. ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ngqiqo ezininzi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, uncwadi yenzululwazi ayichazi inkumbulo loluntu nkqubo, isakhiwo sayo kunye nesiqulatho. Ngokubanzi, kukho iingcaciso ezininzi le mbono, njengoko yonke into ixhomekeke kwindlela methodological kwinzululwazi eziphathekayo.

Umzekelo, indlela ulwazi umisela memory ekuhlaleni njenge amajelo yokudlulisa ulwazi okwethutyana. Kwelinye icala, iisayikholojisti attribute elide njengoko isambuku lonke ulwazi olukhoyo kuluntu. Kwakhona, musa ukulibala ukuba ingqikelelo kweekhonsepthi ezinxulumene ezifana kumava embali yabantu, inyaniso, kontrpamyat, kwimemori ekwabelwana ngayo.

Inkumbulo yembali yabantu

ukwazi Historical kuthetha memory zonke iziganeko kwimbali yabantu. Esi udidi eyahlukileyo, eyinxenye ye kwisakhiwo esikhulu memory lwentlalo. Owokuqala ukusebenzisa ingqiqo ka "imemori zembali" waqala izazinzulu-mbali, abaqala ukuqaphela amathuba ezifanayo iziganeko ezifanayo rhoqo. ukwazi Historical zoluntu - yiseti lwemiyalezo, iintsomi, amabali, isuka kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ukuba sithethe ngendlela enokuthenjwa memory nembali yoluntu luphela, kufuneka kuthiwa ukuba ubukhulu enkulu isethi mbongi egqwethekileyo iziganeko ezidlulileyo.

Akukho kwimemori zembali transfers kakubi efafazwe iziganeko eyaba negalelo elikhulu. Amaninzi wadlulisela amabali sikweni, ingcinezelo, ukuxhatshazwa, xa sithetha kwimemori yembali abantu ethile.

imemori Historical kudla ngempazamo kubhidaniswe inkcubeko, nangona kunjalo, ukuba umahluko phakathi kwala magama mkhulu. imemori Cultural kuyinto isethi kweekhonsepthi ezingundoqo eqhelekileyo kuluntu lonke elidlulileyo, ezo zisekelwe esikhumbuzo yenkcubeko, iincwadi, njl Asimele lula ifuthe yimiba yenkcubeko kwi kwimbono umntu ngaphambili.

Ukuphululwa memory lwentlalo

Iindlela kunye neentlobo memory umlando zahlukahlukene kakhulu, ingakumbi ngesayensi olukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphambi kokuba siqwalasele iindlela ukugcina kwimemori yembali, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba bonke babe negalelo elikhulu kwimbono le ndoda kwimbali, kwakunye unyango lokugqibela. izakhi ngekhono elidlulileyo kumgangatho karhulumente le kunokubangela iziphumo mihle, kuba abantu baya kuba nako ukuba imvelaphi bakhe buyinyaniso. Ngelishwa, uhanahaniso imbali kwicala ngabaphetheyo eqhelekileyo kakhulu, nto leyo nefuthe elibi kakhulu kulutsha Umbono elidlulileyo yabantu babo. izibakala abaninzi ngobuchule ngabom zifihliwe, kodwa into uyanyamalala ingxelo zembali. Impembelelo kunzima kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ngembali iincwadi. Noko ke, ukuba bayakholelwa ukuchana kwale ulwazi efunyenwe kwimfundo ephakamileyo? Lo mbuzo uyaqhubeka ukuba evulekileyo.

Iindlela ukulondoloza imemori uluntu

Iindlela kunye neentlobo memory zembali zadalwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ifomu yokuqala oluntu zaye ekulondolozeni inkumbulo le mifanekiso engxondorheni, apho isizukulwana esitsha ndayibona indlela ababephila ukhokho wabo. Architecture waba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu abantu ngaphambi kokuba wayebhala khona. uphuhliso ukubhala aphawula sisiqalo senkqubo omkhulu sobona unanamhla. Ngenxa yesandla, isizukulwana imisongo abadala ukudlulisa ulwazi olubalulekileyo nezisitheleyo kubalandeli bakhe. Akumangalisi ke ngoko bathi: Yintoni na usiba ezibhaliweyo - kuyinqamla phantsi ngezembe. Kutheni ubhalela kangaka wathimba wonke umntu nayo yonke into? Masiqalise nesibakala sokuba zibukeke yaba iinkosi kuphela zifumaneke ubugcisa babo. Benza umsebenzi wabo asebeze nabanumzana abazizityebi, ngenxa yokuba uninzi nabayili amahlwempu, kodwa abanetalente. Umntu athi kwakhona lokufunda nokubhala zaba yunithi, kwaye oku kuyinyaniso. Kodwa uyakwazi ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala kakhulu ngokukhawuleza, kwaye loo nto ifuna iimvume ezikhethekileyo - bhala into oyifunayo. Ababingeleli abazange bakwazi yokudlulisela iingcamango zabo, imigqaliselo kunye neemfundiso kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ngaphezu koko, abantu abafundileyo yaqala ukubhala fiction, echaza ukuba zonke usisingqala isikhundla sakhe. Isizukulwana omdala uye bakwazi ukuqokelela ubulumko kugqitha ngayo abantwana babo. Eneneni, uncwadi - sesona sixhobo sinamandla zokugcinwa memory kwintlalo yoluntu. Kukho kwakhona kubalulekile, kodwa iintlobo kangako wokusindisa benkumbulo lwasentlalweni: umculo, izakhiwo, imithendeleko.

Nokufika kwizikolo eziziisekondari indawo ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ezingqondweni imbali abantu sele ephethwe yi zezifundo. Ukuba bakholelwa abafundi unquestioningly, kwaye apho zoba ulwazi. Iintsomi, memoirs, iincwadi, iibhayografi, iiholide, iintsuku isikhumbuzo, ukwakha iba nefuthe elikhulu lokusekwa memory yenkcubeko lonke. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, impembelelo kuye kwakhula kuphela eendaba njengoko ekhulisa ngokukhawuleza, unomathotholo, umabonakude,-intanethi. Society kufuneka baqonde ukuba izibakala ngempela kunqabile kulala phezu kwamanzi, ngoko ke ulwazi kuwo nawuphi na umthombo kufuneka agxeke, iziveze umbuzo enengqondo.

iimpawu

Ukuba unomdla kulo mbuzo, ziziphi iimpawu memory loluntu, kwakhona kufuneka ubuyele kwenkcazo kwekota, kodwa siya kuyenza loo nto. Iimpawu imemori lwentlalo (ngokuchasiweyo kukhunjulwa umntu othile) ukuba imemori nawuphi na umntu anesiphelo, oko elinesiqalo, kodwa usoloko lufikelele esiphelweni. Umntu ongatshatanga ayikwazi ukuba umnini memory zembali. Ethetha inkumbulo kwezentlalo, awunakuze ikheswa abantu abambalwa okanye iqela labantu abo abaphathi bayo. Le nkcazo libhekisela kwiqela labantu, kodwa iqela elikhulu labantu - uluntu ehlabathini lonke. Loo mntu, ngubani na umntu njengelungu lombutho woluntu, licandelo encinane memory lwentlalo. Ilifa lenkcubeko akwenzeki ngaphandle uluntu, ngaphandle iqela labantu, nto leyo ngendlela yaso ngayo uguqulela udlula.

Abaphengululi abaninzi zigxininise into yokuba xa imemori lwentlalo - ingqokelela iinkumbulo abantu, yonke mkhulu amabakala alo ngamnye ngokubaluleka. Le yokufunyaniswa ebaluleke kakhulu, ekhokelela uluntu ukuqonda ukubaluleka zabantu, asilonaniselwano macala ulwazi kunye nentsebenziswano ehlabathini lonke.

Iimpawu imemori lwentlalo bancipha ukuqonda mnye ehlabathini - asinawo imida. Kusenokuba kuyeka ukusebenza kuphela kwimeko apho bonke abantu izakulahleka, indoda. Kuba umntu omnye akwazi ukuvelisa zonke elidluleyo okuthile. Ewe, ayilunganga kwaye aluchanekanga, kodwa kule fomu memory kwezentlalo kuya kuqhubeka khona.

Ngubani na obandakanyekayo kweli phephancwadi?

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ixesha lokuqala elithi "imemori lwentlalo" sagqityelwa izazinzulu ukusuka Estonia J. Rebane ngendlela iincwadi eSoviet kwi bengqondo. Ukuthatha ukuphuhlisa ingqiqo yaye wabandakanyeka yaqala ukusetyenziswa, izazinzulu VA Rebrin and Y. Levada. Kuyinto la abaphandi baye negalelo isibakala sokuba eli gama liye ingqalelo kuluntu lwezenzululwazi.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkumbulo ekuhlaleni abantu bazalwa enomdla inani elikhulu izazinzulu ehlabathini lonke. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje liye landa kakhulu umdla kwimemori njengoko simanga ebuchotsheni. Uphando olutsha zikuvumela ukuba ukudala iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezinceda sigcine ininzi kakhulu kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ekubeni boom ulwazi wabetha inkampani ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, abantu abaninzi baqalisa ukucinga malunga ngococo ulwazi ifunyenwe. Ngapha koko, ulwazi yomonakalo nje nanto. Ukuba kucanda phakathi kwayo yonke, uyakwazi ulahlekile emfuleni kwaye ibangele nobuchopho nematha.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukufunda kuphela ingakumbi ofunekayo, engaquki iqulathe ulwazi olungeyomfuneko okanye reflection ixesha elide. Liyanda inani izazinzulu ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ndiphethulela ingqalelo yabo izakhono ezizodwa ingqondo yomntu. Abaphandi Sigxininisa ukuba nkqu isiqingatha kakuhle.

Kwinkulungwane yokugqibela inkumbulo bentlalo imiba ebandakanyekayo: Moris Halbvaks, uJacques Le Goff, B. Gene, Per Nora, P. Hatton kunye Aleida Assmann. Ezi izazinzulu ziye zenza igalelo elikhulu nophuhliso lwengqiqo kwimemori ekwabelwana ngayo. Ngenxa yokuba ukuba uhlawule ingqalelo kulo mba ezibalulekileyo kunye nezintsonkothileyo, ukufunda siyaqhubeka unanamhla. Okwangoku, memory zentlalo miba ilandelayo izazinzulu bekwi eRashiya: IM Savelyev, AI Filyushkin, LP Repin, OB Leontiev, NE Koposov. Le yinxalenye encinane nje kukho iqela elikhulu oososayensi ayezinikele ubomi babo ukufunda lo mkhuba inkumbulo adibeneyo zehlabathi. Iingxaki zeli umbandela kwakhona zibandakanyiwe kwikharityhulam kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Oku kwenziwa kuphela ukufundisa abantu abatsha ngalo mba, kodwa waba nomdla nesihloko, uze iingcamango ezintsha. Kwi-US, umzekelo, kwijenali rhoqo yenzululwazi "Imbali & Inkumbulo", nolwenzelwa esi sihloko ngokweenkcukacha, ngokunjalo zonke izicwangciso ezintsha, iingcamango kunye ezifunyaniswe.

emqondweni social

imemori lweNtlalo kunye nembali yoluntu ngokucace kakhulu kuchazwe sengqondo kwabantu okanye amaqela ezithile zentlalo. Sengqondo yinxalenye encinane, kodwa ebalulekileyo memory lwentlalo omkhulu entsonkothileyo. Nawuphi sengqondo - yinto ephilayo, ukutshintsha, ifomu esebenzayo lwe memory yoluntu, okanye, ngendlela elula - lemveli lenkcubeko zasekhaya. inxalenye zingqondweni zayo sengqondo koluntu wenziwe kweeyunithi, ezo zibizwa ngokuba archetypes. Basimisela isethi naziphi na iingcinga, izimvo, izigwebo kuyo nayiphi inkalo, kwaye ibe nempembelelo enkulu phezu ulwazi lomntu nawuphi na umcimbi. Enyanisweni archetypes kakhulu ukufumana impendulo ukuze iziganeko ezithile. Kuvula kwakhona up ithuba omkhulu ukuze zisetyenziswe, ngokuba iimbono kunye nezenzo abantu okanye uluntu ukuba amaqhinga ungalawuleka wayebhekisela iziganeko kwizityholo okwenyaniso elidlulileyo.

Kweli hlabathi siphila kulo kulula kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ukufikelela kwingcaciso ephambili abantu abaqhelekileyo abanazo. Ukuze ufunde ngezi ziganeko kuphela kwi Internet okanye umabonakude, leyo kunika ulwazi embonweni ethile, nto leyo luluvo ngokupheleleyo kwaye ayiyonyani.

Imizekelo memory lwentlalo

Umzekelo ngokumangalisayo memory bentlalo abantu kuthathwa izinto ezilula: indlela abantu abaphatha ngayo abanye abantu, ukukhetha indlela inkokheli ezopolitiko yakha inkcubeko yawo, ukuze kufundiswe indlela abaselula. Ngokwahlukeneyo, nganye yezi zinto ke ziya kubonakala ebonakalayo ukuze ukuchaphazela memory kwintlalo yoluntu. Noko ke, le imbonakalo angakukhohlisa, kuba isiphumo nxalenye mkhulu kunaye, ehambisa into enkulu. Umzekelo memory lwentlalo ngamnye ngokucacileyo kubonakala ngokwemikhwa zasekhaya yakhe, izigwebo nezigqibo ukuba kuthatha. Impembelelo engqongileyo, kwakunye nolwazi malunga elidlulileyo, nokuba abaqinisekanga ngendlela, iba negalelo elikhulu ukuziphatha komntu kwindawo yanamhlanje. Esazi wooyise enkulu, ummi kubonakala ngokubonakalayo ngokwayo phezu kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho nezentlalo kwibala ombuso. Kwaye ke abemi, ibihlaba yokuba Undityhale ngeenxa zonke, yibani eyimpumelelo abanandaba, akazange nokuba enze ilinge ukulungisa le meko.

Kubo bonke abantu kubaluleke kakhulu umbuzo ukuzimela, oko ngokuphathelele kulo mba, uyakwazi uxelele lukhulu ngento archetypes kuphila abantu abathile. amaqela amaninzi uhlanga kuvuma imeko zabo, ekhalela abalawuli uludwayinge, ilishwa. Kodwa ekubeni ngenene, okanye nje okhule mkhwa ubunzima kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kwaye kufuneka bathobele?

Eshwankathela nqaku, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo into yokuba wonke umntu single - ukuba yinxalenye into enkulu. Oku Kuhle ukukhumbula, ukufundisa abantwana babo, ngokukhetha lizwe, ukuthatha isigqibo esibalulekileyo. Kuba izenzo zenu namhlanje uza kukhokela kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. Nangona imibuzo ayikaqondwa kakuhle, kunokuthiwa ngokuzithemba ukuba inkcubeko, memory zentlalo iza kuphuhlisa fast and zithembisa.