Ikhodi "Unicode": umlinganiswa standard ikhowudi

Wonke umsebenzisi Internet ngelinge ukuhlela eyodwa okanye omnye umsebenzi wayo ubuncinane kanye wabona kwikhusi ebhalwe ngoonobumba Latin igama "Unicode." Yintoni na, uya kufunda ngokufunda eli nqaku.

definition

Ikhodi "Unicode" - standard uphawu encoding. It yaphakanyiswa yintlangano non-nzuzo Unicode Inc. ngo 1991. Umgangatho yenzelwe ukuzisa ndawonye nani likhulu kangangoko kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zabalinganiswa uxwebhu. Page, eyasekwa ngenxa yawo, kungaba iileta kunye nabalinganiswa ukusuka kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo (ukusuka Russian ukuya Korean) kunye neempawu zemathematika. Kulo mzekelo, zonke izisebenzisi kwi iseta lubonakaliswa ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki.

Izizathu nokudalwa

Kudala-dala, kudala ngaphambi kokuba yimbonakalo inkqubo eyodwa "Unicode" encoding lukhethiwe ngokusekelwe obonelela nombhali kolu xwebhu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, rhoqo ukufunda uxwebhu, kwakudingeka ukuba usebenzise iitafile ezahlukeneyo. Maxa wambi kuyimfuneko ukwenza izihlandlo eziliqela, nto leyo ebangela kubenzima kakhulu ubomi umsebenzisi avareji. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, isicombululo kule ngxaki ngo-1991 wamenywa umbutho ongenzi nzuzo ukuya Unicode Inc. ukunikela uhlobo olutsha ngesimilo encoding. Uyilelwe ukuba ahlanganise lixesha kunye neentlobo imigangatho. "Unicode" - usebenziso lwe khowudi ukuba ozvolila ukufikelela lee ngelo xesha: ukwenza isixhobo oxhasa inani elikhulu loonobumba. Isiphumo ngaphaya kokulindelekileyo ezininzi - kwakukho amaxwebhu ngaxeshanye equlethe zombini IsiNgesi kunye itekisi Russian, Latin, namabinzana zezibalo.

Kodwa ukudaleka iikhowudi elimanyeneyo landulelwa imfuneko ukusombulula ezininzi iingxaki ezithe zavela ngenxa iintlobo ezininzi imilinganiselo sele ezikhoyo ngelo xesha. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kubo:

• Elvish ukubhala, okanye "gibberish";
• ukusikelwa umda iqela lomsebenzi;
• ingxaki uguqule codings;
• phindo lwamagama.

excursus Small yomlando

Cinga nje ukuba 80th eyadini. kwimpahla yentsimbi ye computer akuxhaphakanga kangaka kwaye ifomu eyahlukileyo namhlanje. Nangona OS nganye yahlukile iphuculwe iimfuno zonke ungumzondeleli ezizodwa. Need ngotshintshiselwano ngolwazi iguqulelwa kwakhona zonke olongezelelweyo. Ukuzama ukuba ufunde uxwebhu edalwe ngomnye inkqubo yokusebenza, ngokufuthi ibonisa iseti engaqhelekanga zabalinganiswa, yaye umdlalo iqala encoding. Oko akusoloko ngokukhawuleza loo nto, yaye ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko uxwebhu Ayikwazi ukuvula ngeenyanga ezintandathu, yaye kamva. Abantu esoloko ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi, ukudala ngokwabo itafile uguqulelo. Kwaye ngoko ukusebenza kubo ebonakalisa iinkcukacha umdla: imfuneko ukwenza kubo kumacala amabini, "ukususela yam yakho" emva naphambili. Yenza inversion banal umatshini computing Ndikhohliwe, kuba kumhlathi osekunene yomthombo, nangasekhohlo - isiphumo, kodwa awunakho ukwenza ngolunye uhlobo. Ukuba ubona imfuneko ukusebenzisa naziphi na iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kuxwebhu, kwafuneka ukuba yongezwe kuqala, uze emva koko omnye, aze acacisele iqabane oko kufuneka kubathini na aba balinganiswa musani ukuba i "gibberish." Kwaye makhe Ungalibali ukuba yonke encoding kwafuneka ukuphuhlisa okanye ukuphumeza iifonti zabo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ekudalweni inani enkulu zifane kule OS.

Cinga ngakumbi ukuba lwamagama kwiphepha, uya kubona amaqhosha 10 ezifanayo Times New Roman kunye nenqaku encinane; ngokuba UTF-8, UTF-16, ANSI, UC-2. Ngoku uyaqonda ukuba uphuhliso lwemigangatho jikelele kubalulekile?

"I siseko zooyise bemeko-"

Imvelaphi yayo indalo Unicode ukuba kufunyanwa ngo-1987 xa Dzho Bekker evela Xerox, kunye Lee Collins noMarko Davis ukusuka Apple yaqala uphando entsimini indalo ebonakalayo iseti uphawu jikelele. Ngo-Agasti 1988, Dzho Bekker lapapasha isindululo okuyilwayo nokudalwa 16 bit-multi-zeelwimi inkqubo ikhowudi ngamazwe.

Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva iqela ukusebenza Unicode lwandiswa ziquka Ken Whistler kunye Mike Kernegana evela RLG, Glenn Rayt of Sun Microsystems kunye nezinye iingcali eziliqela, nto leyo kugqitywe umsebenzi ukuyilwa lokuqala ngowomgangatho ikhowudi eqhelekileyo.

incazelo jikelele

I-Unicode ngokusekelwe ingqiqo iisimboli. Phantsi kwale nkcazo kubhekisela buyinto nje ukuba ikhona ngendlela ethile yokubhala kwaye ndaqonda ngokusebenzisa emoshakeleyo ( "zabantu" zabo). umlinganiswa ngamnye enikwe kwi "Unicode" ikhowudi ekhethekileyo eyeyomntu umgangatho unit ethile. Umz emoshakeleyo B nayo e IsiNgesi kunye ezazibhalwa Russian, kodwa elungelelene Unicode 2 abalinganiswa ezahlukeneyo. Baya ziphantsi ukuguqulwa ku asezantsi, t. E., nganye ichaza ledatha ezingundoqo, iseti iipropati kunye negama ngokupheleleyo.

Iinzuzo Unicode

Ukusuka nabanye ababephila ujiko "Unicode" Kukho isitokhwe olukhulu komba 'elizinyelisiweyo "abalinganiswa. Isibakala sokuba ababengaphambi bakhe amasuntswana 8, oko kuxhaswa ngabalinganiswa-28, kodwa design intsha sele abalinganiswa 216, oko yaba linyathelo elikhulu phambili. Le encode ukuba phantse onke amagama akhoyo kunye eqhelekileyo.

Nokufika "Unicode" yimfuneko ukulanyulelwa ngu- ukusebenzisa itafile ukuguqulwa: njengomgangatho elinye ngayo uphelise nje imfuno kuzo. Ngokufanayo, baye zitshone zisabonakala, yaye "gibberish" - umgangatho omnye wabenza nzima, ngokunjalo ulawulo ngaphandle imfuneko ukudala phindo lwamagama.

uphuhliso Unicode

Kakade ke, inkqubela ayikho indawo, kwaye ukusukela ntetho yokuqala sele kudlule iminyaka engama-25. Noko ke, charset "unicode" ngenkani ugcina indawo yayo ehlabathini. Ngeendlela ezininzi oku yenziwe Bulelani kunokwenzeka ukuba nenyani yokuba iye yaba lula ukuphumeza kwaye isasazeka, ukuba developers wezindlu (abahlawulwa) kwaye evulekileyo source software ezaziwayo.

Asimele ukuba namhlanje sibona ikhowudi "Unicode" efanayo njengoko nekota kwekhulu eyadlulayo. Okwangoku, ukuba indawo version 5.h.h, kwaye inani yeesimboli ikhowudi liye landa 231. Ngomhla amathuba usebenzisa isiphelo enkulu amanqaku wala ukugcina inkxaso Unicode-16 nangoku (encoding, apho inani eliphezulu inani labo umda 216). Ukusukela ekuqalweni aso kuguqulelo 2.0.0 "I-Standard Unicode" liye landa inani loonobumba mayidityaniswe phantse ngamaxesha-2. amathuba kunye nokukhula okuqhubekayo kule minyaka izayo. Version 4.0.0 sele kukho kukho imfuneko ukwandisa umgangatho ngokwayo, yaye oko kwenzekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, "Unicode" sele ufumene ifomu apho sisazi namhlanje.

Yiyiphi enye into e Unicode?

Ukongeza enkulu, rhoqo olufakelwe inani loonobumba, "Unicode" -Encoding ulwazi itekisi yenye phawu luncedo. Oku ke kubizwa ngokuba yi-ukuzinza. Kunokuba skrola lonke uxwebhu uphawu umlinganiswa, kwaye kufakwe icon etafileni imbalelwano, sebenzisa enye ubuchule ukuzinza okhoyo. Yintoni na?

Kunokuba bangayimoshi imithombo yobutyebi ye computer phezu itsheki rhoqo efanayo, esenokuba efanayo ezazibhalwa ngendlela ezahlukeneyo, besebenzisa algorithm okhethekileyo. It ikuvumela ukuba wenze imiqondiso efanayo eyahlukileyo itafile column engusebekho nokusebenzisa sele kubo, kungekhona ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba khangela yonke idatha.

ubuchule enjalo ziyaphuhliswa kwaye ziyaphunyezwa ezine. Ukuguqulwa nganye kwenzeka ngumgaqo ngqo eqinisekileyo, yahlukile kwenye, ukuba ndingabizi mntu kubo hayi encomeka kakhulu. Ngasinye eyenzelwe iimfuno ezithile, waye olungisiweyo kwaye zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo.

standard Ukusasaza

Kwiminyaka 25 encoding yayo 'Unicode "imbali mna ndakwamkela mhlawumbi yeyona abaninzi ehlabathini. Phantsi lo mgangatho kuyalungiswa njengoko iinkqubo ze web-amaphepha. Ububanzi isicelo abonise ukuba ngoku Unicode esetyenziswa yi ngaphezu kwe-60% kwezibonelelo Internet.

Ngoku, uyazi, xa "Unicode" umgangatho wabonakala. Ntoni na, uyazi kwakhona kwaye bakwazi ukuqonda intsingiselo fyabo, eyenziwa liqela leengcali Unicode Inc. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-25 eyadlulayo.