Iitrektara Russia: imifanekiso, iimpawu zobugcisa. iitrektara Russian eyenziwe

Kumaxesha kwiitrektara Soviet senziwe izithuba evulelekile (kunye nesabelo yengonyama lwamashishini akhiwe kwi kummandla Russia), mhlawumbi yeyona ilungileyo ehlabathini. Kule 90, xa imarike Russian izixhobo zolimo ezolile, oko ngokukhawuleza igcwele ziimoto yaseMelika, yaseYurophu Chinese. Namhlanje Russian-eyenziwe iitrektara inokuphinda udumo yayo yangaphambili. Isizathu ilula: kokuba bebeziqhelanisa phantse naziphi na iimeko zemozulu kwaye inzima kakhulu kumgangatho amafutha. Namhlanje sijonga le mveliso itektala uthandwa kakhulu eRashiya kunye nemizekelo yazo ngaphezulu.

Volgograd plant

Isigqibo sokuba kwakhiwe le sityalo senziwa 1926. Yaba enye amashishini zokuqala mveliso, zakhiwa ukuba izicwangciso mveliso ngokukhawuleza eSoviet Union. 1961, isityalo eso kuthiwa Stalingrad TK kubo. F. E. Dzerzhinskogo. Ukwakhiwa kweendawo zawo abangama ziingcali Western. Umdla kukuba isityalo yakhiwa kwi-US, ngoko waqhaqhwa ithunyelwe ngeenyama zalo USSR, apho ibandla wamthabatha iinyanga ezi-6. izityalo ekhoyo ingqalelo ukususela 1930. Kungekudala wathola iwonga elinye kweemveliso inkulu iitrektara ezinqunquthayo eRashiya.

Le nkampani kakhulu kwizithuthi zondelwe. Isizathu ilula - ngokungafaniyo imifuziselo ezinamavili ngexesha lokusebenza ayithethi umonakalo inwebu kumhlaba otyebileyo. Ukongeza, kulandelelwa izithuthi, ngenxa umkhondo wayo, ngaba inobunzima elikhulu permeability. Noko ke, isityalo akanazinjongo phezu umxakatho yethu impumelelo. Isicwangciso solawulo kukusekwa kwe mba kunye nenguqulelo ezinamavili. Eyona ethandwayo Russian itrekta zilandelwa Volgograd sisityalo - DT-75 kunye Tu-100. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

DT-75

Uvimba DT-75 - ezinqunquthayo, umhlaba wolimo. Ngo-2013, xa isityalo Volgograd iphawulwe sikhumbuzo sama-50 kokukhululwa kwale modeli. Imveliso yeyona inkulu qha itrekta imveliso USSR. Ngokudibanisa yentsebenzo entle (kuqoqosho, elula, serviceability) kunye neyunithi zamaxabiso aphantsi efumaneke elihle kakhulu kurhwebo lwasekhaya.

Ngexesha imveliso ye tektala DT-75 yala maxesha ngokuphindaphindiweyo. De-2009, oko yaveliswa yaze wathengisa iikopi ezingaphezulu kwama-2741. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ka-2009, kwenzeka esinye restyling itrekta. Le modeli iphuculiweyo igama elitsha - "AGROMASH 90TG" kunye nokuphuculwa komsebenzi. Itrektara exhotyiswe sekabhe entsha, hood iplastiki, kwakunye motor nokusingqongileyo Finnish Sisu. Umbala yatshintsha ukusuka ebomvu fintu eziluhlaza namhlophe kunye kwamagama-orenji. Umenzi akayi ukwenza imodeli imveliso, njengoko zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kumafama.

BT-100

Enyanisweni, le ndlela yenziwe ngayo yenza uguqulelo zaphuculwa lowo wangaphambili. BT-100 itrektara a traction kwiklasi yesi-4 kwaye lixhotyiswe 130-enjini injini D-422-24, mayixhotyiswe injini, heatsink moya kunye nomoya. Ukususela imodeli "mzalwana big" Kwakhona sibonisa ixhobongwana ekhululekile ukuhlaziywa, uhlobo olutsha njengomahluli lomoya kunye tot yokusonga. I-injini, ukuba enamandla kakhulu kwaye ukonga, unyango umhlaba kabini njengoko isityalo amandla onemveliso DT-75. Kule meko yi-20% iphango athobekile ngakumbi.

iinguqulelo ezininzi ziye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo irayisi sidalwe ngokusekelwe BT-100, beet, izityalo kumqolo, kwakunye xa esebenza kwiigadi zeziqhamo kunye nezidiliya. Ngokusekelwe efanayo Oogandaganda ezikhoyo kunye iitrektara ukuze kwakhiwe indlela imisebenzi. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo injini iyafumaneka iinguqulelo ezimbini: i ht-100D (injini D-442-24) kunye BT-100N (SMD-20TA injini).

Unikezelo iqinisekisa ubuncinane ilahleko amandla ngexesha ukuthembeka phezulu. Kwinkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze ngenkani imodeli esetyenzisiweyo, a pnevmoservirovaniem Indlela Yaw nangokusulela kunye amagiya mesh rhoqo. Ngenxa inkqubo umkhondo-enyusiweyo elungeleleneyo kuqinisekisa uhambe kakuhle kwaye lineziphumo ezincinane emhlabeni.

eChelyabinsk plant

Siyaqhubeka ukujonga eRashiya kunye neenkampani itrekta ivelise zona. EChelyabinsk itrekta izityalo nayo Igxininisa kakhulu kwimveliso izithuthi zondelwe. Ngomhla umthamo kwishishini yenza Oogandaganda, baye leyo ebangele ukufumana udumo kuphela eRashiya kunye amazwe awayesakuba yiSoviet Union, kodwa eYurophu.

It is at kwisityalo eChelyabinsk wenza ugandaganda liwubethileyo i Guinness Book of Records njengoko umatshini inkulu on Earth. Irekhodi sasimi 1990, waba imodeli T-800. Eyona kakuhle owaziwayo waqonda ngomhla zesityalo zithathwa iitrektara Oogandaganda B-10m, B-12 no-B-13. Ngabo uze uthethe ngayo.

B-10

Ugandaganda itrektara kuphuculo uhlobo lwemveliso T-10 eChelyabinsk isityalo. Nakule yemodeli, lafumana 75 nokulungalungiswa. Iinguqulelo ezindala zihlaziywa rhoqo kwaye isebenzisa. Izisombululo eziphambili zobugcisa eziye zamiselwa:

1. Ukusetyenziswa cylinder elide-stroke. Oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwenkqubo ngamanzi yi-40% ndakumandisa ubomi bayo.
2. Point offset cylinder kuyanda. Le ndlela yokulinganisa iza kunciphisa amandla elalana kunye blade lift, kwakunye ukunyusa isantya yayo kunye nokuchaneka intshukumo.
3. Ihlaziya ubeko eli gumbi injini. Inika ukufikelela ukhululekile ukuba injini yesondlo.
4. Uyilo oluhlaziyiweyo ikhaba hemispherical. Lo mlinganiselo kuye kwakhokelela ekwandeni nge-20% kumashini kwemveliso.

Le modeli yenzelwe ukusebenza emhlabeni kudidi lwesithathu ngaphandle ziba preliminary, udidi lomhlaba 4 ziba, emhlabeni ekhenkciweyo kunye namatye ziye. Ugandaganda ngokufanayo ukumelana kakuhle umsebenzi umoya kwiqondo lobushushu ezahlukeneyo kunye nokufuma.

B-12

Uyilo lo ugandaganda isicelo izisombululo eziye ivavanywe imodeli elidlulileyo, kwaye ziliqela izinto ezintsha. Model ifakwe motor emise oku kuka-V idizili YaMZ B4-234, nto leyo iba amafutha turbocharged. Power izityalo 250 enjini. Le itrektara mayixhotyiswe transmission ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi ngomatshini, nto leyo ithetha 3 umva kunye indlela phambili.

Track landile ukuya 2080 mm, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukufaka izihlangu ezinqunquthayo 560 okanye 690 mm. Ubude wobuso nenkxaso 3182 mm. iimpawu zobugcisa isixhobo kuvumela ukwenza ukuba iklasi 15 zokutsalwa kwimithwalo.

B-13

Ukuqwalasela itrektara Russia, siye safika ugandaganda eziphuhlileyo yenziwa yi eChelyabinsk sisityalo. Iinjineli ukunikela hayi kuphela inxalenye zobugcisa, kodwa ke kuyilo modeli. Ihlangabezana yonke imigangatho yangoku yaseYurophu. Ugandaganda uuba lixhotyisiwe ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo enzima yakutshanje. Lixhotyiswe yinjini YaMZ 236-B4, nto leyo iba nomthamo 230 enjini. Eyona nkalo imodeli - ithuba lomsebenzi ungumsebenzi ongenazintloni phantsi kweemeko zemozulu esibi. Le yunithi yenzelwe ukusebenza zokwakha, ukubangwa, imigodi, ioli kunye namanye amashishini apho kusetyenziswa oomatshini enzima. Ngokufuthi ibinzana elithi "itrekta Russia Entsha" libhekisela kule modeli.

Kirovsky plant

Le mveliso yokugqibela, nabo sadibana, kuqwalaselwa isihloko "iitrektara Russian-eyenziwe." Le nkampani ibekwe eSt Petersburg. Oko yasekwa ngowe-1801. Namhlanje isityalo yeyona inkulu agro-mveliso complex. Kwaye xa wayesele phambili kwetrektara series eSoviet. Ngowe-1924, umgca ibandla waya "Fordson" iitrektara, ezibe ngowokuqala eSoviet Union. 1962 ithathwa ngenjongo ekhethekileyo yenkampani. Model "Kirovets-700" yamiselwa ngomhla we-13 Julayi, eyayisisiqalo koluhlu elikhulu enzima izixhobo zolimo. Nenguqulo yalo ngcelele imodeli entsha sadibana.

"Kirovets K 9000"

Lifikile ixesha lokuba kuxoxwe itektala ohlatyiweyo eyenziwe eRashiya. "Kirovets K 9000" i itrektara enzima, apho iveliswa kwiinguqulelo ezintlanu kwaye lol ukuya drawbar kudidi 9. Olu thotho koomatshini baxhotyiswa drive-wheel ezine yaye isakhelo esithi. Ngenxa yoko, nangona imilinganiselo gqitha yangaphandle, ubuchule liyi i ayinto elungileyo uphume. Iitrektara "Kirovets", ncomo apho ukuqinisekisa ezibalaseleyo yokuphatha namandla umgangatho wabo, mayixhotyiswe powerplant diesel of Mersedes-Benz. amandla injini zisenokwahluka kwi uluhlu 354-516 enjini. Itektala isebenzisa ugqithiso hydro-mechanical kunye kwimida lwesamente. Ndlwana sizibonakalisa inqanaba eliphezulu wentuthuzelo. Oomashini kolu ngcelele babe emcela ukuya kwi 8.5 ukuya 10.

Mini-uvimba

Ukuncokola iitrektara Russian kwezolimo, asinako ngoyaba i mini-itektala. Bona imishini kuthelekiswa "abazalwana umdala" babo babe ubungakanani encinane kunye nexabiso nezifikelelekayo. Njengomgaqo, mini-iitrektara zisetyenziswa apho kungekho ingqiqo ukusebenzisa iiyunithi ngesifo zepetroli - in kwiifama ezincinane zabucala. Sebenzisa nabo iinjongo ezahlukeneyo: elima, imbewu okanye isivuno, njalo-njalo. Ngokomzekelo, cinga minitractor "Uralets 'Russian.

Imbali yale modeli kwaqala saseChelyabinsk, apho inkampani "Tractor" liye Washumayela kunye neenkampani "Interagro". Le yokugqibela iye ummeli ezisemthethweni izithuthi Chinese eRashiya elide. Intsebenziswano phakathi iinkampani ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela oko sele zifakiwe umgca imveliso mini-iitrektara "Uralets" ngo-2011. Uluhlu iqulathe imifuziselo amathathu, iyileyo siya uchaze ngezantsi.

"Uralets 160"

Oku songqamano onobuhle. injini yayo diesel nkqo unika ezingama-16 enjini. Le fowuni ubunzima ngaphantsi kwe ton, ngoko kunokuba buthathaka sokulima enzulu. Njengabo bonke "Urals", lo umfuziselo 4 phambili amagiya 2 umva. Ukongeza kuyilo eninzi inkqubo elula ngamanzi uya umva erhuqwayo, kunye iseti iintambo kwebhetri kunye iseti yamavili kwempahla. ungathenga inguqulelo nge-profile amavili ezimbini uma oyifunayo.

"Uralets 180"

Le nguqulelo sele itankana-ezimbini enjini-18 diesel. isixhobo muhle mandla kancinane ephakamileyo, kwakunye ne weight. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba a ton, nangoku ayikho kuthi.

"Uralets 220"

Lo imodeli entsha ithembisa. Kuye kwaba injini 22-enjini kunye ubunzima ngakumbi. Ukongeza koku, kunokwenzeka ukuba odola lock. Nangona olu guqulelo kucingwa aziwa imifuziselo abancinane kwi izityalo naye akazange asilibale. Umenzi lisebenzisa inkqubo yokuthenga i "Ural'tsev 'endala yaye unika izaphulelo ezintsha.

isiphelo

Namhlanje safunda kunye nawe, yintoni eyenza itrekta Russian. Okokuqala, njani na ukuba zahluke oogxa babo amazwe - yinto elula usebenziso olulula. Enye inzuzo nezixhobo zasekhaya - awunangxaki abaza kuzisebenzisa search. isabelo Ingonyama ngayo breakdowns iyapheliswa ngqo entsimini, phambi kokuba ulwazi olusisiseko umsebenzisi. iitrektara Russian nayo omkhulu ukhuseleko kunye nomsebenzi kwiimeko kwimozulu embi.

Phakathi amacala ezimbi onokubonwa yokwakha quality ayonelanga. Nkqu neendlela ezintsha iingxaki ukuvuza ioli, ukusebenza ngendlela engachanekanga kubunzulu baphantsi komhlaba kunye CPR. Kwaye phantse zonke itrekta Russian musa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno yaseYurophu ukukhusela indalo. Ngaphandle izityalo ingqalelo namhlanje, kukho ezinye, ngaphantsi-eyaziwayo kwaye ebalulekileyo. Siye sadibana kunye neenkampani ilungileyo ukuba bafanelwe ingqalelo.