Iipropati lwemichiza alkenes (olefins)

Olefins - hydrocarbon leyo molecule na bond enye kabini. Ngamanye amaxesha le khompawundi ngoku ebizwa ngokuba hydrocarbon ethylene series. Iqhina kabini kwi molecule ngokulula ezichongwe yi Uhlalutyo.

Iipropati Physical of alkenes

Amalungu yokuqala emithathu thotho homologous of alkenes - iigesi. Ukusuka yesihlanu ukuya elinesithandathu - ulwelo, alkenes aphezulu ubunzima molekyuli - eziqinileyo. Kunye nokunyuka nokwandisa ezizizembiwa chain ubude abilayo izinto. Xa iimeko laboratory, ezi izinto zingafunyanwa ngeendlela ezininzi: yi dehydrogenation of alkenes ngokuthi ngokuhlaziya petroleum, dehydrogenation ye-alkoholi.

Ngokuhlaziya yamafutha - indlela mveliso ukuvelisa hydrocarbon ezihluthiyo. Ngenxa yoko, i-oyile thermal genge ndinobushushu degrees 750, i-hydrocarbon amathambo alkane yaphukile:

S30N62 → S15N30 + S15N32

Dehydrogenation of alkanes. Le nkqubo wenziwe lobushushu izidanga malunga 600. Phantsi kwezi meko, i ifumile, ezizizembiwa molecule ngu H athom ezi Ndinamathele ukwenza alkenes, umzekelo: → S5N12 S5N10 + H2.

Emzimbeni ye-alkoholi. alkoholi Monohydric zihlanganise sulfate acid ifomu alkenes, umzekelo: S4N9ON → C4H8 + H2O.

Iipropati lwemichiza alkenes ezinxulumene phambi kwesi molecule lwabo ibhondi kabini. Electron ezinoxinano phakathi athom, ibhondi obumbaxa eliphezulu kune phakathi athom C eziqhagamshelene kwiintambo elinye. Eyona ndlela yokusabela, nto leyo eza alkenes - umbusi, sikhatshwe pi-nekhefu ngenxa ukuyilwa neentambo ezimbini ezintsha kelly. Olefins kungena indlela polymerization, nto leyo nayo ephelekwa cleavage neentambo kabini.

Iipropati lwemichiza alkenes: halides ajoyine

Olefins lula zincamathele kwi hydrogen halide molecule, kanjalo zakha monogalogenoproizvodnye (umz S10N20 S10N21S1 → HC1 +). Xa luthe alkenes wabumba H2O ifumile alkoholi monohydric (S10N20 + H2O → S10N21ON).

alkenes avuthayo

Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu phantsi O2 olefins sele oxidized (itshiswe) ukuya C02 kunye H20. Alkenes, ne potassium permanganate ukwenza alkoholi dihydric (glycols).

Iipropati lwemichiza alkenes: polymerization olefin

hydrocarbon thaca ebonisa notyekelo olukhulu polymerization reaction. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le Polymer - yinto chain elide ukuphindaphinda iiyunithi zokusebenza (monomers). Le nkqubo uzakwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa ke kwiimeko ezininzi le umxokelelwane, kwaye inxulumene a iinkqubo ezamahala ezinkulu, cationic okanye anionic.

Iipropati lwemichiza alkenes: polymerization cationic

Olu hlobo yokusabela catalyzed yi asidi. Proton ejoyina olefin, bakha carbocation. Emva koko kulandela isigxina lokugqibela pi-sitemu omnye molecule kunye neefom carbocation alkene kunye ikhonkco elide, ehlasela molecule olefin zilandelayo, njl Ngenxa yoko, le ejection nje Proton okanye nayiphi na inkqubo, i "ucimayo" intlawulo carbocation, kwenzeka isekethe evulekileyo. Xa anionic polymerization Fikizolo anion ukhandwa ukuhlasela nucleophilic le olefin anion X-. Xa ikhefu chain Proton apha. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba free-olukhulu polymerize inkoliso hydrocarbon ezihluthiyo. Le nkqubo maziqaliswe H202, peroxides eziphilayo, hydroperoxides, njl wesekethe Vula kwenzeka ngenxa recombination of radicals. Kwezinye iimeko, ngokuba ipholima alkene kusetyenziswa copolymerization reaction. Kulo copolymerization, a Polymer eziquka iindawo ezahlukeneyo, ngelinye ixesha kwi macromolecule ngendlela ethile. Imveliso asabela wafumana copolymer. iimpawu ze-Physical kwaye mechanical le khompawundi langoku azimisele ngokuyintloko ngokomyalelo alternation iiyunithi samabanga aphantsi, kunye nohlobo kunye nesixa monomers ezibandakanywe kwikhonkco Polymer.