Iintubi - ntoni na? Apho ongena baphile badla ntoni?

"Heroes" webali wethu - neentubi. Yintoni na? Yintoni endaweni yawo? Ntoni ukuba badle?

Ziintubi - it neembovane?

Ezi izinambuzane, ngaphandle efanayo iimbovane, kodwa azikho ukuqonda efanayo yabantu ingqalelo ingxubakaxaka. Ukususela izenzo ebizwa ngokuba "iimbovane emhlophe", nokuba nolwalamano zokoqobo amaphela, omnye atyhale imithi yamandla saa, wabatshabalalisa izakhiwo yeplanga ... Kodwa ke, ukuba ngaba kukho isoyikiso sokwenene kwimpilo yabantu. Imibuzo malunga kwindawo yendalo ubomi ziintubi, oko kukuthi, yintoni na indlela yabo yokuphila, iimpawu yokuhlala, na umbandela zezinambuzane zophando. Zonke ezi zihloko zichazwe kwi bhanya ezininzi iimbalasane kwiinkqubo zenzululwazi. Ezo poison kwezinambuzane iityhefu ezininzi inamandla ukujongana nazo zenza inkonzo ekhethekileyo, kodwa amanyathelo athathiweyo ngayo nangayiphi na indlela banciphise umonakalo obangelwa ngabo.

Kwindawo yendalo aphile ongena?

Kuhlale iintubi? Inani iintlobo kule planethi kuyeza amawaka amathathu, inkoliso yabo bahlala kwimimandla nefumileyo yaye emvula. Ngomhla kummandla Russia imelwe iintlobo ezimbini kuphela, nokuba kubonakele ku kufuphi Vladivostok kunye Sochi.

Ukuphila ezi zinambuzane amaqela mullions enkulu ebizwa amathanga; ngamnye kubo kukho umahluko ocacile zibe iindidi: ngamnye zomsebenzi (uninzi), amajoni, ukumkanikazi kunye nokumkani. Umbala we umzimba iintubi abadala iyahluka ukusuka mthubi ezimhlophe ukuya omnyama ngebala.

Inkcazelo ngokuphathelele yokusebenza

Njani na ongena? Ukusebenza abantu lula ezichongwe yi yintloko ngeenxa kunye nobukhulu amancinci: ubude umyinge umntla lwabo - ukukhanya soft (ngenxa yokuhlala isigxina kwimikhukhu ifumile umphunga wamanzi) - ngaphantsi kwe-1 sentimitha. ziintubi Afrika, badla, enyakanyakeni phezu kobuso, iphawulwa iqumrhu emnyama omdaka. yokuphila Underground esimantshiyane amalungu abantu abasebenza: ukuba baziimfama okanye ukubona encinane kakhulu.

Ukuba Iimbovane ukusebenza ababhinqileyo kuphela kwindawo yokusebenza, ziintubi kufuneka nobudala. Umsebenzi wabo - to ukumba imigudu, ukwakhiwa esidulini, ukulungiswa, ukufumana nokugcina ukutya, ukunyamekela inzala. Kwakhona ukusebenza ongena ukondla amajoni abangenako ukutya ngenxa yokuba yokumiswa ezithile philisi entloko.

amajoni zeentubi

Amajoni - cast elandelayo, suku, kodwa eminye imisebenzi eziliqela, kwaye ngenxa isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Amajoni ziintubi, ukuxelwa nto leyo yahluke kancinane ukusuka ngokuphathelele yokusebenza, ukukhusela thanga kwiintshaba zangaphandle axhobe mandibles enamandla elide (imihlathi). Ezinye iintlobo tropical wamajoni isiduli ukongeza babe umhlehlo encinane phezu kwentloko, ngenxa leyo ungabutofela ngcina ekhethekileyo utshaba, ayomise xa zibekwe ngasemoyeni kunye fettering iintshukumo zakhe. Amajoni big intloko philisi (yingqombela brown, omnyama, omthubi ukukhanya okanye naorenji), wenza inkqubo kuvalwe iindlela imigudu emxinwa njenge uhlobo uyitsale, musa zinamaphiko, yaye baziimfama. Iintubi zincinane (ezi ntlobo zifumaneka Umzantsi Melika) kwi-mali ekufikelelwe 2.5 kuphela mm; kunayo ziquka izinambuzane neMexico Arizona - 22 mm ubude. Ukuba kukho intshabalalo buso zendunduma, ngomhla ingxokolo yokhuseleko isenzo amajoni, ezama ukubamba utshaba zimphathe kwinqanaba de abasebenzi ongena ukulungisa ikhaya lakho. Kulo mzekelo, amajoni bazifumana labanjwa ngokwabo kwaye abanalo ithuba lokuya uphume kuyo.

King no

"Intloko," abantu abaqolileyo na iqanda-ngokubekwa obhinqileyo (ukumkanikazi) kunye uKumkani - eyindoda, ukuchumisa kuyo kunye nezinye izinambuzane okuzala. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ongena ukumkanikazi kakhulu kwaye ukufikelela iisentimitha-10 ubude. Umzimba ongowembewu nemazi ngexesha lokudlala linyuke izihlandlo ezilikhulu eziliqela, apho isizathu akakwazi ukuba ngokuzimeleyo adle, kwaye libe nabasebenzi bokhathalelo carrying yiso.

Queen uhlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo phakathi zendunduma, kunye nokumkani abo zikufuphi kwakhe ubomi. Ngobukhulu ke lilikhulu kancinci nje ijoni isiduli kwaye unelungelo elikhethekileyo ewakhwelayo obhinqileyo. Emva kokukhulelwa, inkunzi ngokungafaniyo iimbovane nabo, akafi.

Queen female utyebe kakhulu kwaye unako ukubeka ukuya amaqanda 3000 ngosuku. Ingxelo ye iklatshi uthathwa izilwanyana Indo-malayan, kokukhupha wesibini iqanda; esilingana yedijithali - izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-80 000 ngosuku. Lonke eli xesha esiswini kowesi- unikelwa ezizodwa eziqulathe into pheromone into kudliwa ziintubi iziyolo ukusebenza. Side ukumkanikazi umalunga neshumi elinesihlanu leminyaka, kwaye yonke le minyaka, inkunzi kunye babambelela nemazi enye inkcaneko nganye. Ngexesha ubukho ngeembadada Ukhanyiso ke olo lwabonakala eziliqela abantu ezigidi abantwana abancinane.

Iimpawu ukuziphatha kwentsha

Isizukulwana esitsha kwi isiduli "abazali" ziphile ixesha elithile kwaye ushiye i "indlu kayihlo" ngexesha enyakazelayo (entwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo) iqabane lokuqala. Ngeli xesha, ukuba basengozini kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba emva kokukhulelwa, inkunzi nemazi wonqanyulwa, angabikho kwamaphiko akhe. Uninzi ziintubi abatsha lixhoba lula nezigcawu, centipedes, iintaka sinambuzane-ukutya. abasindileyo Lucky baqale ukwenza indlwane. Ikhefu Apiary ayikho zonke: a ngababini embalwa kuhlala phezu Kwimeko iimazi yokufa kunokwenzeka eyenzeka manqaphanqapha.

Apiary - isakhiwo esimbaxa

Njengoko kucacile ukuba igama ngokwayo, ndulana - "indlu" apho ahlala neentubi. Yintoni na, yintoni kumnqongo ezendeleyo izakhiwo ezinjalo kwaye yintoni na imithetho ubukho kuyo "umphakathi"? Emva kokuzalwa inani elaneleyo labantu abasebenza zangaphambili baqale ukwakha yindawo entsha ekhuselekileyo ukulungiselela ikamva thanga, indawo yayo emiselwe sisibini oselula. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ubungakanani izinambuzane Imbovane nokukwazi analo ukwakha "itshixa" likhulu neendinyana entsonkothileyo lwangaphakathi Maze, liphakanyiswe ngaphezu kumphezulu womhlaba kweemitha ngaphezulu kwe-8. Ukurekhoda induli enkulu, ukuphakama oziimitha ezili-12.8 ngasentla emhlabeni, sabhalwa eZaire. Ngesithunzi izakhiwo ezinjalo - ubungonzima kwezakhiwo lamiswa hayi umntu - ezimvuleni buffaloes ingqatsini yelanga, iindlovu kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezinkulu. Xa kweziduli ifomu lwaya: abathile zifana icawa, enye ecaleni ezijolise ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, apho wafumana igama "magnetic". Eli lungiselelo negalelo umthondo kancinci ibe imisebe yelanga kunye nokusekwa rhoqo microclimate ukufuma kunye neqondo lobushushu.

Ubume zendunduma

Zeentubi luquka ilizwe inxalenye (nto leyo endaweni ephakamileyo) kunye ndawo equlathe womnatha ezininzi yobucukubhede ngayo imigudu kanye amagumbi amancinane. Material kwakhiwe ukwakhiwa abasebenzi isiduli ilindle, amathe abo, iinkuni, iincakuba eyomileyo ngengca nodongwe. Lwakhiwe izakhiwo ezinjalo imixube ebonakala iyahlala aphezulu kunye neendonga manzi. Umbala esidulini rhoqo ingqinelana kumbala emhlabeni boni ezizingelayo, ukuhlanganisa ne-bume engqongileyo. Kwinxalenye manzini ngesakhiwo amaninzi ibekwe iikhamera kunye Imibungu, amaqanda, "iigadi mushroom" kwaye igridi enkulu umoya imigudu. Apho bagcine kwifama encinane thermophiles - izilwanyana izithako ezizodwa kunye ukuzonwabisa ikhotha neentubi. Ngaloo ndlela ke ngokuncedisana kwenzeka therebetween, apho Ezecala lesibini - thermophiles (umzekelo eliqaqambileyo - ukubhabha termitokseniya) - ifumana umthombo wokutya osisityebi kunye microclimate kakuhle.

zokungqinga indawo

Xa iimeko tropical (ukufuma eliphezulu kwaye rhoqo kwemvula) iindonga isiduli badla ibekwe phezulu emithini; yaye yakha indlwane emasebeni iqhotyoshelweyo ukutwalilila ukuba ukwazi ukumelana neenqwithela ezimbi. Ukuze ufikelele tyazhelodostupnogo ongena yokuhlala, kufuneka wabona off isebe. Amanye amalungu infraorder kuhlala imithi, ukushwabana kunabela kanye iingcambu lihamba. Xa kwimimandla yomile (umzekelo, Central Asia) iindonga isiduli zibekwe nzulu ngaphantsi komhlaba, naphezu komhlaba akukho zimpawu isilumkiso ubukho babo kule ndawo.

I feed on iintubi

Food for Iintubi iziqalelo ikakhulu imvelaphi zemifuno, umzekelo iinkuni ezomileyo, nto leyo ngenxa flagellates ukwetyisa - eziphilayo elula abahlala emathunjini. Hi ndlela leyi, esiswini namathumbu isiduli ohlala 200 iintlobo ze lenyama, ubunzima lilonke leyo amaxesha 1/3 ubunzima nesinambuzane. Luqhubekekisiwe zibe iswekile lula ukutya iinkuni ngobubi bawo.

abantu abasebenza kuphela bakwazi ukuzondla bona, baya kuba ukutya ukukhetha ezinye layers nangokodidi ekuhlaleni. Amajoni, ngenxa mandibles zophuhliso azizinzanga kwaye nophuhliso zaneleyo kwezinye iinxalenye umlomo, akakwazi ukuba ukuhlafuna ukutya ngokwabo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba izityebi abondliwayo abasebenzi izondlo ilindle okanye netuwa ephuma emlonyeni, nayo leyo ephelisa ukumkani nokumkanikazi. Ezidla, iintubi badle abadala namathe eziyingozi wulahle ngayo izinto. iintsalela ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo emhlabeni - iinkuni anokungenwa, umgquba, amagqabi, isikhumba isilwanyana - ityiwa abasebenzi, kodwa ukutya nje into kwelifunekayo kunye ngendle gumusoyadnyh nabantu ngoko tirhise isiduli umsebenzi okanye amajoni. Ngenxa yoko, omnye kunye nokutya efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo idlula uthotho amathumbu ide ezifundiweyo. Avstraliyskie Aborigeny, ngasendleleni, kuphela ibe musical umoya isixhobo "didgeridoo", wenza amasebe zomgamtriya, undoqo yayo zityiwa ziintubi.

Indima iintubi endalweni

Yaye kutheni simele ziintubi? Yintoni na kwaye yintoni indima abayidlalayo kwi-bume? Kwindalo, ezi zinambuzane umsebenzi njengoko iintsalela Processors yemifuno; kwangaye kubo ibunjiwe kokugxojwagxojwa kweemaleko zomhlaba eliphezulu. Kucingelwa ukuba wakhululwa ezi zinambuzane ngexesha imisebenzi yabo, methane othatha inxaxheba isiphumo eyigesi iyonke. Ziintubi kwizinto sabo setotali ufana nalo lonke biomass ekuyo ezisentlabathini.

Ziintubi indoda

Le ndoda, ngelishwa, akuthethi ukuphuhlisa ongena ubuhlobo. Kwimimandla efudumeleyo oko izinambuzane eziyingozi kutshabalalisa izakhiwo yeplanga: bona ezindidlayo ifanitshala, imigangatho, iincwadi. Umzekelo, e-mpuma Asia ngenxa iintubi ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka uye kwenye indawo iidolophu nezixeko. ukuhlasela silwe kwakhokelela ekuweni kwezakhiwo. Kunye yimisundululu neembovane ongena zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuhamba kwezinto lomhlaba; iintaka ezinamaphiko zibonelela ukutya amanani amakhulu ezidla.

Ukuze ubone ubukho ezi zinambuzane kunzima kakhulu. ziintubi Domestic ezisebenza ngaphakathi, eshiya ukusiwa iqokobhe engaphandle. Bona musa nokuba zona imali: ngo-2008 usomashishini wafumana uthuli tyalo kunye nemali kwibhokisi yakhe idipozithi ukhuseleko.

Ngoko ayimangalisi, kodwa iintubi ungomnye kwezinambuzane uthandwa kakhulu upheka ngenxa isiqulatho ophezulu protein. Indians Amazon ukuzilungiselela zeBarbercue, bawosa isiselo yayo okanye bayingqushe ukulungiselela zizinongo. E Nigeria, nokuba wathengisa iityhubhu bouillon thermite.