Iintlobo zokucinga. Ukucinga kubonakala ngempumelelo-oku ...

Ukucinga, njengenkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokucinga kunye nolwazi lwenyaniso, ngumthombo wolwazi olutsha, enokuthi umntu akanako ukufumana amava ngokuthe ngqo. Ukucinga kwangoku, okukwazi ukuxazulula iingxaki ezinzima kunye nokusebenza ngeengcamango ezingabonakaliyo, uye wadlula indlela ende yokubunjwa. Ukucinga kuyabonakala ngokusebenzayo - kuyimvelaphi yokuqala, isigaba sokuqala sokuphuhliswa kwayo.

Iintlobo zokucinga

Ingqondo yomntu iqhubeka ifumana kwihlabathi elijikelezile kunye neenkqubo ezininzi zemali yolwazi. Olu unyango luyenzeka, njengoko kunjalo, kumanqanaba amabini: kwinqanaba lokuqonda ngokukhawuleza (ukuvakalelwa kunye nokuqonda) nakwinqanaba lokucinga.

Ukusuka kwi-cognition yokuqonda, ukucinga kubonakaliswa ngumntu ongathe ngqo. "Abalamli" kwinkqubo yokucinga inokuba yimifanekiso (ebonakalayo, ephicothwayo, ecacileyo, njl.) Kunye nempawu-amagama kunye nemiqondo.

Ukucinga okubonakalayo-okusebenzayo yinkqubo yenkcazo apho izinto zehlabathi eziphathekayo zisetyenziselwa "ngabaphathi". Uluhlu lwalo olulinganiswa nolunye uhlobo lweengcinga. Le ngcamango ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-sensorimotor, ngoko ke, kugxininisa, ukuxhamla kwayo kunye ne-sensory and motor areas.

Inqanaba eliphezulu lokucinga libhekwa njengento engacacanga-engqiqweni, ingqiqo, enomntu ongenalwazi. Nangona kunjalo, akukho mntu, nokuba ngumntu ophuhliswe ngokwengqondo, ucinga nje kuphela ngoncedo lwamazwi-magama. Inkqubo yokwaziswa kwenyaniso ibandakanya imifanekiso, ngaphezu koko, inkqubo yokudala ixhunyiwe ngokuchanekileyo nokucinga okubonakalayo.

Ngenxa yoko, kwiingcamango zabantu banamhlanje iintlobo ezimbini zokucinga zibandakanya rhoqo : ukucinga okungabonakaliyo nokubonakalayo-okufuziselayo. Kuyacaca ukuba kusebenza ngokucacileyo, kuhleli njalo. Okanye ngaba ayingadlali indima yengqondo yomntu omdala?

Iimpawu zengqondo yokucinga

Okokuqala, ihlobene ngokuthe ngqo kwimisebenzi kwaye ifakwe kwimisebenzi echanekileyo kunye nezinto, ngenxa yoko umntu aguqula, udibanisa, udala izinto ezintsha.

Okwesibini, ukucinga ngumbono-osebenzayo-oku kucinga ngokukhonkco, kuvele kuphela xa uqhuba izinto kwaye kukuvumela ukuba uqondisise kuphela izenzo ezithile. Ngokungafani naye, zombini izinto ezingabonakaliyo kunye nezibonwayo-ezifuziselayo zizinto ezingabonakaliyo. Bavumela umntu ukuba ashiye iingcamango zakhe kwiimeko apho ekhona, ukubonisa izinto ezingabakhoyo ngoku, ukucinga nokucwangcisa imisebenzi.

Okwesithathu, ukucinga okubonakalayo-okusebenzayo kuyinkqubo yokuqonda kwengqondo. Ayikwazi ukukhokelela umntu ngaphaya kwemiqathango yesimo sekhonkrithi. Le ngcamango "apha kwaye ngoku." Kufana nokuba kunqatshelwe, kuqiniswe yimimiselo apho umntu ekhona.

Ifomu endala yokuqonda ihlabathi

Iingcamango zokucinga zivela kwiokhokho bethu kude. Iipaleopsychologists bakholelwa ukuba babenabantu bokuqala, kwaye ngokuyininzi bazimisele ukwenza imisebenzi yengqondo yabantu abasemva, okwangoku-XIX yekhulu leminyaka babekho kwisigaba sabantu basekuqaleni. Ngokomzekelo, aba-ethnographers (M. Wertheimer, R. Turnwald), bachaza ukucinga kwezinto ezizikhuselekileyo, baqaphele ukuba abanakho ukuphendula ngeakhawunti. Kubalulekile ukuba bazi ukuba yeyiphi into ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Iibhere zikwazi ukubala kuphela iziqwenga ezi-6, kuba akukho mntu uye wakwazi ukubona ezinye zezilwanyana ngexesha elifanayo. Kodwa iinkomo ziyakucingwa ukuya kuma-60.

Yingakho ngolwimi lwezizwe ezininzi zaseArchaic kwakungekho ziqhelo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa kwakukho amagama amaninzi abonisa izinto ezikhonkcisiweyo, izenzo, uthi. UK. Levy-Bruhl, owafunda ukucinga kwangaphambili, ebalelwa ngolwimi lwenye yezahlulo ezingama-33 zokuhamba. Izenzi zihluka ngoxhomekeke kubani, kuphi, kunye nobani na.

Ukucinga okubonakalayo-okusebenzayo - lo luhlobo "lwesilungiso", olunefom yezaziso ezikhoyo kwizilwanyana. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu lama-20, izifundo zokuziphatha kwama-chimpanzi ezenziwa yi-German psychologist uWel Keller zibonise ukuba iifes ziyakwazi ukuxazulula iingxaki zengqondo elula kwinkqubo yokuphatha izinto.

Ukucinga kwezingane

Ukubonakaliswa okucacileyo kunye okucacileyo kwolu hlobo lolwazi lwenyaniso kubonakala kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala. Kule miqabunga, ukucinga kubonakala ngempumelelo-ngumdlalo. Zonke iinkqubo zabo zengcamango zenzeka kwinkqubo yokuxhaphaza ngezinto. Imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokucinga ifikeleleke kumntwana, kodwa nje kuphela ngezenzo ezizenzekelayo.

Lapha inkunzi inomdla ixhasa indlu encinci eyakhiwa ngumama ukusuka kwiikhabhi. Musa ukucaphukisa kuye, kuba yindlela umntwana ahlalutyiweyo ngayo - ukukhutshwa kwayo yonke into ehlukeneyo.

Emva koko i-kid ibonisa ii cubes-iyayithelekisa, ikhetha ezo zinto zifunekayo, zilahla, zisuka kwimbono yakhe, zingabonakali. Lo mze keliso, kwaye emva koko kuza ukujika kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo engqongqo - ukusetyenziswa. Umntwana uqala ukwakha, ukumisa, kubonakala, nakweyiphi into engayithandi imifanekiso.

Uyilo lukhula, kunye nekhampu nganye iya phezulu. I-Kid iyayijonga ngentshisekelo kwaye ngomzuzwana othile imemeza ngokuvuya: "Yinqaba! Mama, khangela, ndakhela inqaba! ". Ukuthelekisa ukwakhiwa kwakhe nomfanekiso kwimemori yakhe, umntwana wenza umsebenzi wokuvelisa kwaye waphetha.

Ungumcingeli omncinci, kuphela ukucinga kwakhe kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwaye kusebenza, kungabonakaliyo kwiinjongo, "umsebenzi". Ngoko ke, umntwana kufuneka aqonde kwaye aphinde ahlanganise amathoyizi, kuba kumdlalo kunye nokucinga okusebenzayo okubonakalayo.

Ukuqulunqwa kwengcinga kubantwana

Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, umntwana ufunda ukuseka ukudibanisa phakathi kwabo, ukwabela iimpawu zabo eziphambili nezesekondari. Kodwa ngokubaluleke kakhulu, uhlala ekhumbula imifanekiso yezenzo ezigqibeleleyo kwaye esetyenziseni emva koko ukuxazulula iingxaki ezintsha. Ngoko iqalisa ukubunjwa kweengcamango ezingakumbi, ezicingayo.

Ukucinga ngendlela yokujonga iinjongo nje kuphela, kodwa nangokomzwelo. Ukumangalela okutsha, okudalwe zizibambiso zabo, ukucaphukisa ngenxa yezenzo ezingaphumelekanga kunye nolonwabo, xa kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza umphumo oyifunayo-konke oku kuphucula nokuvelisa umhlaba wangaphakathi wengane.

Inendima yesimo sokucinga esicingayo kwi-psyche yabantu abadala

Ingqondo yomntu enye, kunye nokucinga komntu, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa nayiphi na inkqubo ehambelanayo nale nkqubo. Umntu ngamnye kubalulekile kwaye ufezekisa umsebenzi wayo.

Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo uhlobo oluthile lokucinga lulawula lo mntu okanye loo mntu. Kubantu bokudala, ababonisi babonakalisa ukucinga okucwangcisiweyo. Kwaye izibalo kunye nezoqoqosho zinezinga eliphezulu lokucinga.

Abantu abaneengqungquthela zokucinga ngokubonakalayo nazo ziya kwenzeka. Le yilezo ezithi zinezandla zegolide. Masters "evela kuThixo", abanako ukungazi nto ngemigaqo yokusebenza kwalolu hlobo okanye loo ndlela, ukuyidibanisa, ukuyilungisa, ukuyibuyisela kwakhona, kwaye iphinde iphucule kwinkqubo yokuhlanganisana.

Ngaba sinokuthi izinto ezingabonakaliyo kunye nezifuziselo zibaluleke kakhulu kwiintlobo zokucinga? Ukubonakala kunye nokusebenzayo kuyimfuneko kunoma yimuphi umntu, ihamba nazo zonke iinjongo ezijoliswe kuzo. Ngaphandle kwayo akunakwenzeka, kungekhona ukulungiswa kwindlu, okanye ukhula umbhede wasegadi kumyezo, okanye unamathele ikhefu. Nesobho ngaphandle kokuba le ngcamango ayinakucelwa.

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, ukucinga kweengqondo akuhlali kwisigaba sokuqala, kodwa kukhula ngendlela efanayo nezinye iintlobo zomsebenzi wokuqonda.