Bern U-Eric: uhlalutyo lwentengiso njengendlela yokusebenza kwengqondo

U-Eric Berne waba udumo kwihlabathi lonke ngeengqondo zengqondo kunye nengqondo ngenxa yengcamango yakhe yokunxibelelana phakathi kwabantu kunye nesimo sengqondo sabo kunye nabanye. Uhlalutyo olutshintsho luka-Eric Berne lwafundwa ngabaninzi beengqondo abavuma ukuba umntu uhlala ubomi ngokubhekiselele kwimeko ebekwe ebuntwaneni. Amazwi amaninzi kubazali abonisa ukuziphatha okungafaniyo komntu, oku kubeka umgangatho wobomi bakhe kunye noqhagamshelwano. Yintoni le - uhlalutyo lokuthengiselana njengendlela ye-psychotherapy? Yintoni ebalulekileyo kunye nenzuzo kumntu?

Uphi ucazululo lohlalutyo lwentengiso ka-Eric Berne?

Kuthathwa njengomzekelo wengqondo obonisa ukuhlalutya kokuziphatha nokusebenzisana komntu kwiqela kunye ngaphakathi kwabo. Le ngqungquthela ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokufumaneka kweengcamango nokuchazwa kweempendulo zabantu zokuziphatha.

Eyona nto ephambili ebhaliweyo apha kukuba kwezinye iimeko umntu angakwazi ukwenza ngokubhekiselele kweziphi izikhundla ezintathu ezithathayo. U-Eric u-Eric wabhala ngezi ndawo. Uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo luvela kwi-psychoanalysis, ngoko ke uphando kunye nokuphonononga imiba enzulu yengqondo yabantu.

Kwengqondo yengqondo, ibhloko elibalulekileyo lokusebenzisa le ngqungquthela yinkcazo yokuba umntu ngamnye unokufunda ukucinga nokuphendula ngezenzo zakhe, ukuthembela kuqala kuzo zonke iimvakalelo kunye neemfuno, ukwenza izigqibo nokwakha ubudlelwane bomntu. Ukususela kule ndawo, ingcamango ka-Eric Berne yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokunceda umntu asombulule iingxaki zobomi.

Izithuba kwiintengiso

Kule ngqungquthela, isakhiwo somntu esilula ngokucacileyo si-three ego sithi: Umzali, umntwana, umntu omdala. Ngamnye wabo uhluke kakhulu kolunye, ephethe iziganeko zokuziphatha, ukucinga nokuvakalelwa.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umgqirha aqonde ukuba yintoni imeko umntu ayenzayo ngenye indlela, kwaye yintoni enokutshintshwa kwindlela yakhe yokuziphatha ukuze abe ngumntu ovisisanayo, njengoko u-Eric u-Eric uthe. Uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lubandakanya imithetho emithathu engundoqo yale miyalelo ithi:

• Nabani na umntu ngelo xesha wayemncinci, ngoko ke into enokuyenza phantsi kwefuthe le-ego-imeko yoMntwana.
• Wonke umntu (onengqondo eqhutywe ngokuqhelekileyo) unikwe amandla okwenza izigqibo ezaneleyo nokuvavanya ukunyaniseka, okubonisa ukuba unesimo se-ego.
• Sonke saba nabazali okanye abantu ababafaka endaweni, ngoko sinalo qalo, siboniswe kuMzali we-ego-state.

Kwintliziyo yengqondo ye-psychotherapy ngokusetyenziswa kohlalutyo lomthengi kukunceda ekuqondeni ukuziphatha okungabonakali kokuziphatha komntu. Uhlalutyo lwentengiso, eyenzeka ngoncedo lwenzululwazi, lunceda umntu ukuba avelise ngakumbi ukukhangela izisombululo, ekuqinisekiseni inyaniso, ekusekeni ezinye iinjongo.

Iintlobo zentengiselwano kwi-psychotherapy

Nayiphi na intsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu, isandi okanye ukungabi ngamazwi, kuthiwa ukuthengiselana kwintetho, okwenziwa nguBern u-Eric. Uhlalutyo oluthile phakathi kwengqondo ye-psychotherapy lubandakanya ukufundisisa ubudlelwane babantu, kunye nokukhangela izixazululo kwiingxaki ezivela phambili.

Kubalulekile ukuba uphando lubone ukuba zeziphi izicwangciso ezibangele ubunzima obubudlelwaneni. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokusebenzisana ngomlomo nangokuthi:

• E fanayo;
• Mnqamlezo.

Izindlela ezifanayo zokusebenzisana

I-psychotherapist, esebenzisana nomxhasi, unquma ukuba luhlobo luni lweentengiso ezisetyenzisiweyo. I-parallel yinto efanelekileyo yokwakha ubudlelwane. Kule meko, izikhundla ze-ego kufuneka zihambisane. Ngokomzekelo, ukuthengiselana nombuzo othi "Unjani?" Yaye impendulo ithi "Konke kulungile!" Yenziwe kwimeko yabadala. Kule meko, akukho nkalo ekusebenzisaneni.

Ukuthengisana

Iziphambano zingabangela ukuxabana. Oku kukusebenzisana apho umbuzo (umbuzo okanye isibheno) ukuphendula okungalindelekanga kwimeko yesinye isimo se-ego. Umzekelo, umbuzo othi "Uphi umlindo wam?" Yaye impendulo ethi "Uhambe phi, phuma apho!" - ukuthengiselana kwiindawo ezikuMdala kunye noMzali. Kule meko, ingxabano iyakhula.

Kukho ukuthengiswa okufihlakeleyo (kumanqanaba engqondo kunye noluntu). Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuhlalutya izikhuthazo zabantu abaqhagamshelana.

Izibonelelo zokunxibelelana

Ukuvunywa kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni ubuntu. Le ngenye yezidingo zabantu ezisisiseko. Kwiingcamango zoluhlalutyo oluchanekileyo olunjalo ukuvunywa okanye ukuvuselelwa kuthiwa "ukugubha." Iimeko ezinjalo zonxibelelwano zinokuthwala umbala ontle okanye ongekho. "Ukubetha" akunakunqununu (kuphela ngenxa yokuba umntu unjalo) kwaye unemiqathango (inikwe izenzo). Ezi zilandelayo zidwetshwe ngeemvakalelo ezinomqondiso "+" okanye "-".

Kwindlela yokwenza unyango, oyingcali ufundisa umntu ukuba athathe iinjongo ezinjalo okanye angayenzi njalo, ngakumbi xa bengenanto. Iimeko ezintle ezinokuthi "ukubetha" akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ekubeni umntu ufunda ukuba "ulungile", oko kukuthi, uzama ukukholisa wonke umntu, ephikisana naye.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukufundisa umxhasi ukuba ashiye imimiselo ebekwe phambili kunye nefuthe elihle, ukuba ahambelani nezikhundla zangaphakathi zomntu, oye wagxininiswa ngakumbi nguBern Eric. Uhlalutyo olwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo lunceda ugxininisa umxhasi ekudaleni iimeko eziyimfuneko kuye, apho unokufumana khona imithombo emitsha yokwenza izigqibo njalonjalo. Kwiqhagamshelwano lokwelapha, isazi senzululwazi kufuneka sifundise umntu ukuba azamkele, ngoko ucebiswano luya kuphumelela.

Ukunyaniseka nokunyaniseka

Iphuzu elilandelayo ekufundeni ukuthengiselana njengendlela yokwenza unyango kukuhlalutya kweentsebenziswano ezinqumle ukuhlaziywa komntu ngamnye. Le ngqungquthela kuthiwa ukulungiswa kwexesha ngu-Eric Bern. I-Psychoanalysis inqwenela ukuyiqwalasela encinane ukusuka kwelinye icala: ukusuka kwindawo yeendlela zokukhusela.

Kukho iindlela ezintandathu zokulungisa ixesha:

• Ukunyamekela (indlela yokukhohlisa umntu);
• Imidlalo (uluhlu lweziganeko ezifihlakeleyo "ezifanelekileyo" zokuphatha abantu);
• Ulwalamano (ukusebenzisana ngokwesondo);
• Imicimbi (ukuthengiselana okubangelwa ziintlobo kunye nezinto zangaphandle);
• Ukuzonwabisa (ukufezekisa iinjongo ezithile ngokwakho);
• Umsebenzi (ukufumana iimpembelelo kwabanye kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo zabo).

Ezo zintathu zokugqibela zibizwa ngokuba "zinyanisekile", kuba azixhaphazi abanye. Ingcali ngexesha le ncoko incedisa ukwakha izinto ezintle ngaphandle kokuziphatha kakubi. Imidlalo iyimpembelelo ekuziphatheni kwabantu. Masithethe ngazo ngezantsi.

Iziganeko zobomi zabantu

Wonke umntu uphila ngokubhekiselele kwisicatshulwa esisebuncinaneni bakhe, u-Eric Berne wathi. I-psychology yeemeko zobomi zabantu zixhomekeke ngqo kwizikhundla ezithathwe ebuntwaneni.

1. Ophumeleleyo ngumntu ofezekisa iinjongo, ezibandakanya abanye emzabalazweni. Kwinkqubo yonyango, abantu abanjalo baphinda bacinge ngezikhundla zabo ezibalulekileyo kunye nemidlalo yokunyanzelisa, bezama ukwakha ukuthengiswa kwemveliso ngaphandle kokuchaphazela abanye.
2. Ukutshatyalaliswa ngumntu ohlala efumana ukungaphumeleli, okubandakanya abanye kwiingxaki zabo. I-Psychotherapy kula bantu ibaluleke kakhulu. Kwinkqubo yencoko kunye nohlalutyo lweentengiso aba bantu baqonda izizathu zokungaphumeleli kwabo ebomini. Abaxhasi baqeqeshwa ukuba baphendule ngokufanelekileyo iingxaki, musa ukubandakanya abanye kubo, zama ukuphuma kwiingxaki eziqhubekayo.
3. "Umntu ongeyiphumeli" ngumntu onyanisekileyo, efezekisa yonke imisebenzi yakhe, ezama ukungaxinzeli abantu abajikelezile. Ukuqaphela kwinkqubo yengqondo ye-psychotherapy imeko yabo yokuphila, loo mntu wenza izigqibo ezithile kuye kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno kunye neenjongo.

Zonke iincwadi zeempendulo (ngeenkcukacha ezingakumbi malunga nabo unokuzifunda encwadini ebhalwe ngu-Eric Berne, "I-Psychology of Human Relations, okanye iMidlalo apho abantu badlala khona") sifumana ngenxa yeprogram yabazali kwasebuncinaneni. Okokuqala uthabathe ngokungenzi, uze usebenzise imilayezo yomlomo. Baphoqelelwa ngaphandle kwenkcazo yobomi, ngoko ke umntu akanakucinga ukuba yintoni echaze indlela yakhe yokuziphatha. Ngoko ke, ngeengxaki ezinxulumene neziganeko zobomi okanye ukusebenzisana kwemibango, kubalulekile ukubonisana nengcali ye-psychotherapist owaziyo ingcamango yokuhlalutya ngokuchanekileyo.