Iimvavanyo Igazi: LYM abawacazululayo abantwana (a norm)

Kunye nesiqalo nokufika umntwana kubazali babo, kukho amaxesha amaninzi emangalisayo bawabone. Uncumo yokuqala, igama lokuqala, amanyathelo kuqala. Zonke ezi mpumelelo umntwana yeyona kubalulekile kubazali bakhe. UMama noTata bazama ukuba umntwana wakho kuphela intle, awukhusele zonke iintlobo iintlekele. Kodwa ke, nangona ithenda kunye ilihlo, umntwana badla agule.

Elikhusela usana kwizifo?

Ukufumana ehlabathini le walaliswa sesizalo sakho, umntwana lijongene hlabathi ezininzi eziphilayo.

nolwazi lwakhe kunye nabameli zincinane kweefom ubomi buqala ngomoya yokuqala. Kuba abawaziyo ephilayo kid yonke ephilayo uthwala isisongelo. Kodwa, yona, indalo wanyamekela koonyana-athalala, ewonga kuye ukhuseleko enamandla - nezifo. Inkqubo omzimba usana uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo unina. Yeyona unina uyakwazi ukunika umzimba waluthethelela ngamandla umntwana kunye sizele ngamathontsi ubisi lokuqala. Ngoko ke indalo njongo, yaye akukho namnye konke abanokucinga ngazo okanye zizakhele.

Kodwa ke umntwana nako ukumelana zonke microorganisms ezithi zenzeke ebomini bakhe. Ngenxa yoko kwintlanganiso enjalo - iziganeko zezifo. Xa efumanise iimpawu yomntwana, siya kukhawuleza ukubona yincutshe - wabantwana. Ngononophelo ukuhlola umntwana wakho, ugqirha uza isiphakamiso somfanekiso epheleleyo yovavanyo yegazi.

uyakwazi ukubalisa uvavanyo lwegazi ntoni na?

Uhlalutyo igazi epheleleyo na onokumxelela okuninzi malunga nemeko komzimba lo mntwana ngalo mzuzu. iimvavanyo zegazi, ukucazulula, LYM - onke la magama zibalulekile ugqirha. Kuba esi salathisi, ugqirha na onokubalawula urhulumente sifo yosana lwakho.

Ntoni iimvavanyo zegazi, LYM, yintoni na nokuba kutheni ufuna? Ngoko ke, unalo uluhlu a lot angaziwa ukuba iisimboli-avareji ngomntu kunye namanani. Qonda ukuba kuphela yi oyingcali yezonyango. Kodwa ukuqonda into ngenxa umntu ngaphandle imfundo professional. Ngokomzekelo, yintoni na LYM? Uhlalutyo igazi, ukucazulula yayo inikwe ngezantsi kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde nezo amagama zonyango.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa noxwebhu kunye iziphumo epheleleyo wegazi uquka ezi ngongoma iphambili ilandelayo:

• HB - mpilo. Lo mfanekiso ubonisa nesiqulatho protein ekhethekileyo egazini, nto leyo yenethiwekhi oksijini emzimbeni womntu.
• Ht - Hematocrit. Ixabiso zesi salathisi sibonisa umlinganiselo iiseli yegazi plasma.
• IKomiti - iiseli ezibomvu. Esi sikhundla izalana ngokusondeleyo isixa haemoglobin, njengoko erythrocytes - iiseli ezibomvu igazi - ezi abathwali le protini ebalulekileyo.
• CPU - index umbala. Oku kubonisa umlinganiselo kwisalathisi haemoglobin ukuya iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• WBC - iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Esi simo sengqondo uthi lukhulu malunga nokuqulethwe imizimba unoxanduva longquzulwano yento ephilayo zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
• Nếu - neutrophils. Esi silinganiso linika ulwazi malunga iiseli sifo ngokwemvelo, ogama msebenzi okutsala yokungenelela namaqumrhu angaphandle kunye nezinto eziphilayo.
• Ama - eosinophils. Ezi seli nawo amandla okukwazi non-ngqo womntu, esizibonakalisa nokwaliwa kunye nezifo olwaye lwamfimfitha.
• LYM - lymphocyte. Esi sikhundla ichaza sifo ezithile kwaye abonakalisa iinkqubo ukudumba emzimbeni womntu. Ukuze iingcali ukufunda iimvavanyo zegazi, zokucazulula LYM na ulwazi kakhulu.
• PLT - zegazi. Ezi corpuscles ezizodwa zinoxanduva igazi ekunqandeni kwaye adsorbed phezu yokutyiwa iikhompawundi umzimba inkunkuma.
• ESR - rate neentlenge erythrocyte. Ixabiso le parameter uxelela ugqirha malunga ubukho kwi komtshiso emzimbeni okanye ezinye izifo zophendlo lwezifo.

Ecaleni la manani Ndinibonisile ngokwenene bekubona zentsulungeko amaxabiso mda. Yilaa hlobo yokwaziswa yintoni uvavanyo lwegazi. Ezama LYM ebantwaneni lwenziwe ngokungqinelana nobudala bomntwana. Iimpawu Standard ukutshintsha njengoko bekhula umntwana wakho.

Yintoni lymphocyte?

Yintoni isixelela ungayiqondiyo twisiseni LYM? A test igazi, apho okotshiweyo ukufake uyazi, ubonisa ukuba amasuntswana ezithile egazini - lymphocyte.

Lymphocyte egazi, ziyinxalenye yenkqubo omzimba umntu. Eli qela agranulocytes, uhlobo ziiseli zegazi ezimhlophe, ezo zibizwa ngokuba "iiseli ezimhlophe". B lymphocyte imisebenzi zibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• okukwazi Ukubonelela okanye impendulo omzimba humoral.
• Ngokuqhagamshelana iiseli - amaxhoba. Inika omzimba kwinqanaba zeselula.
• Imisebenzi ye ummiselo ezinye iintlobo cell.

Izinga eqhelekileyo lymphocyte ebantwaneni yi-30 - 70% (ngokuxhomekeke ubudala). Kodwa ke igazi iqulethe ngaphantsi kwe-2% yazo zonke iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ngoko ke abanye saa kulo lonke umzimba kwaye limile emzimbeni. test Blood ugqirha ogwebayo uzinzo lymphocyte emzimbeni. Kuba kubalulekile LYM index (uvavanyo lwegazi). Kokuhlaziya (yamihla le ifumaneka nayo apho) bonke basixelela. Yimeko apho nani likhulu kune mmiselo, kuthiwa lymphocytosis. Ukuba umxholo wabo ngezantsi kumda, ngoko ibizwa ngokuba leukopenia.

Uphawu unique kukuba nako iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ingqalelo ezisegazini. Lymphocyte akhiwa ngayo amalungu zilandelayo lomzimba womntu, le tonsils, iindawo nkovu, udakada ngamabala Peyer kaThixo, lomongo wethambo, kwaye isihlomelo,. Ezikwiiseli iiseli ezincinci ezingundoqo olunombala emnyama. Le ongundoqo iqulethe isixa esikhulu chromatin kunye mitochondria encinane kukho icytoplasm ibekwe ngendlela iyona. Ukuba ukutsalela morphology lymphocyte, iindidi ezimbini zingahlukaniswa:

• Ezinkulu granular uhlobo (ngokuqhelekileyo NK-iiseli, kunqabile - immunoblast kunye lymphoblasts kwimo leqela).
• iiseli Small (T and B-lymphocyte).

Ngokusekelwe imisebenzi asebenza lymphocyte emzimbeni, ukuba zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu eziphambili: B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte kunye NK-iiseli.

B-lymphocyte

B iiseli - iiseli abakwaziyo ukubona iipateni ezinobutshaba okanye awakwazi. Ukuphendula, bona ukuvelisa iimolekyuli ezizodwa protein indalo - antibodies.

Xa uhlobo B-lymphocyte zaguqulwa malunga 10-20% kweeseli ezithile. Eyona ezi zakhiwo na ukukhunjulwa zoqhagamshelwano kunye arhente zasemzini, nokuba yintsholongwane, yibhaktheriya okanye ikhemikhali, kuqulunqo kunye indlela yayo elikhethekileyo neutralization. Nangona ezi seli uyaphila, ukugcina kwimemori ezifunyenweyo. ukuba nabo bakwazi ukudlulisa le ngcaciso B-lymphocyte elalisandul 'ukusekwa. Ngawo ezi seli uyakwazi ngempumelelo ukuphumeza inkqubo gonyo.

lymphocyte T

T - lymphocyte nabalawuli bokuhlala nezifo. umxholo labo egazini - 60-85% ye lymphocyte zizonke. A test igazi, LYM okotshiweyo iya kubonisa oku ngqo hlobo lymphocyte. Uhlobo le amaqela iiseli ngenisa thymus okanye thymus, apho inkqubo nokwanda kwabo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ibizwa ngokuba T-lymphocyte. Ezi seli zahlulwe iintlobo:

• T-lymphocyte zithwele CD4 elimakishayo. Bona inxaxheba ekumiseleni inkqubo umahluko of B-lymphocyte kunye nokuveliswa antibodies.
• lymphocyte T, CD4 elimakishayo abathwali. Ezi corpuscles kungena ngentsebenziswano ziiphagocytes, uze ubancede ukuba Nokwethisa iintsholongwane iiseli. amaqela amabini ka-CD4 abathwali marker zidibene ibe udidi iiseli T.
• T-suppressor ekwaziyo abathintela omzimba okanye isiphumo cytotoxic kwi iantigens okanye ukukhutshwa cytokines okanye uphawu enika ummiselo negative.
• T-lymphocyte abathwele CD8 elimakishayo, ekuthiwa T-ababulali. Ezi seli ayakwazi yokuqaphela kokutshabalalisa isakhiwo abosulelekileyo kunye iintsholongwane kunye namanye kwamagciwane intracellular.

Imisebenzi ephambili T-lymphocyte ku abantu:

• Kuyakhuthaza lymphocyte B ukwanda kunye umahluko.
• Ukukwazi ukucinezela omzimba.
• Ingakumbi antigenic ka-T-umncedi ne T-killer iiseli.

NK-iiseli

NK - lymphocyte umsebenzi wolawulo umgangatho zonke iiseli emzimbeni womntu. Bona akhawunti ngenxa 5-20% yazo zonke lymphocyte.

Beqaphela ukungaqheleki iseli, NK - lymphocyte ekwaziyo asitshabalalise. NK abbreviation imele «Natural Killer» ( «ababulali"), nto leyo ibonisa indlela ezi into zeselula. Ukufumana ukungangqinelani yeseli elimakishayo, NK - lymphocyte ukubusiphula, ngokubonelela nobunyulu histological emzimbeni womntu. wesenzo ijolise ikakhulu ekulweni nangezilonda umhlaza kunye neeseli satshintshwa neentsholongwane.

Ngoko ke, iimvavanyo zegazi ekhoyo (okotshiweyo LYM) ziya uxelele ugqirha malunga eqhelekileyo ukuba umxholo baby lymphocyte. Kweli nqanaba, singathetha ngayo umxholo oqhelekileyo, ophezulu okanye lincitshiswe ezi seli egazini. isiqulatho lymphocyte Eqhelekileyo kubonisiwe kule theyibhile.

Uluhlu kwezalathisi standardised lymphocyte

Eyona ulwazi sokuvavanywa yale salathisi epheleleyo igazi count (okotshiweyo LYM Ly). Lymphocyte (manani ezikhoyo xa kuthelekiswa norm) uya kubalisa umxholo ephakamileyo okanye lincitshiswe ezi zinto egazini.

imixholo ezinkulu lymphocyte (lymphocytosis)

Kukho iindidi ezimbini lymphocytosis:

• Ukwanda isihlobo lymphocyte egazini uthetha kuphela malunga ipesenti nangakumbi yokugqibela ewonke leucocyte count. Inani lilonke lymphocyte siyongezwa. iimvavanyo zegazi (okotshiweyo LYM) ibhekise ngangenani lazo. Isihlobo leukocytosis uphawu yicesina, umkhuhlane, ianemia Birmera, splenomegaly esinganyangekiyo, aleukia, izifo yonyango (isifo Addison kunye akuMazwe '), iintlobo ezithile vitamin izivuka, ngokomzimba, ukungondleki, urhulumente emva kogonyo umbala nasebudeni nokufunyanwa emva kokosuleleka oyingozi.
• Ukwanda ngokuphelele lymphocyte uphawu basabele ezingapheliyo kunye ebubonisayo negcushuwa emva ulawulo ongama of epinephrine, isifo sephepha nabungozi, pertussis (kunye leukocytosis), angina Peptic, leukemia emithanjeni.

Umxholo yehlise lymphocyte (lymphocytopenia)

Lymphopenia okanye lymphocytopenia usenokuba kweentlobo ezimbini:

• Le lymphopenia isihlobo, kwenzeka uninzi amatyala, ezivakaliswe ukuthoba ipesenteji lymphocyte kwifomula leukocyte. Kulo mzekelo, kukuzibophelela lymphocyte count usenokuba eqhelekileyo okanye ophezulu. Esi simo ziqhelekile mieloza leukemic, leukocytosis (nokudumba, lobar pneumonia).
• leukopenia Absolute inqabile. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba sisifo esosulelayo etsolo ngendlela kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuba nokudumba etsolo, imasisi, sarcomas, nkovu node sisifo sephepha, umhlaza. LYM (igazi ngokupheleleyo count, ukucazulula zonke izalathisi) kufuneka wazi ziingcali zonyango olunye uviwo malunga nesigulane eso.

Ukubonisana into efunekayo iingcali?

Kuba iingcebiso baze bachonge iindidi zegazi ezimhlophe abanala makhwiniba cell count, ukuxilongwa uya kufuna kokubonisana phthisiatrician wezifo ugqirha kunye Venereology. ulwazi kakhulu ezi ngcali ICBC Umyalezo onekhowudi LYM (eli nani lenyuka okanye yehle) ukunceda ukwenza uxilongo echanekileyo. Xa uviwo ezintsonkothileyo unyango yobungcali ngexesha kusoloko ithuba bachache ngokupheleleyo malunga nesigulane eso.