Iimfuno zoshishini elincinci neliphakathi: imilinganiselo, udidi

Kwintliziyo yezoqoqosho kwanaliphi na urhulumente umsebenzi wokurhweba. Ilungelo lokubandakanyeka nayiphi na ishishini limiselwe kumgaqo malunga nawo wonke amazwe ehlabathi. Ewe, le yimeko esemthethweni (engavunyelwe). Kunoma yiphina indawo (ngaphandle kwemigodi yobunjineli kunye nobunjineli obukhulu), sithetha ngento yokuba entloko yeli "piramidi" yonke imfundo yamashishini amancinane naphakathi.

Uqoqosho lwentengiso kunye nenkampani encinci

Ngoko, yintoni ebonwa njengomsebenzi woqhagamshelwano ? Yaye uyayazi njani ukuba ifowuni yile shishini elikhulu okanye eliphakathi? Kwaye mhlawumbi inkampani yakho yinkampani encinane?

Ngokweenkcazo ezisemthethweni, nayiphi na imisebenzi yokuzimela ibizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi woshishino, owenziwa ngokuqonda kunye nokwamkelwa kwayo yonke ingozi. Isimo esimiselweyo sinenzuzo yenkqubo. Izifundo zabashishini abancinci naphakathi ziyingxenye ebalulekileyo yeemarike. Uza kuthengisa into okanye ukunikezela ngerenti, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo, ukuvelisa okanye ukukhula - akunandaba. Into ephambili kukuba ufumane isidingo somxhasi, ongenelisekile ngokwaneleyo, kwaye unikeze iinketho zabathengi ngendlela yempahla okanye iinkonzo zakho.

Ukufumaneka kwenani elikhulu lamashishini amancinci kunenzuzo kumazwe. Ukongeza kwimisebenzi edalwe, kuhlawulwa iintlawulo zerhafu rhoqo kwibhajethi. I-Russian Federation ayikho into ehlukile.

Ukuqinisekiswa koMbuso

Inkxaso eyenziwa ngamashishini amancinci naphakathi ayenziwa kwimiba elandelayo:

• Iimeko ezikhethiweyo zokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo: ezezimali, iinkcukacha kunye nolwazi;
• Ukulayisenisa ukuphuhliswa kwezobugcisa kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto ezintsha;
• Ukucwangciswa kwenkqubo yokubhaliswa kwamashishini amancinci;
• Ukukhuthazwa komsebenzi wezoqoqosho lwangaphandle, okhokelwa ngamashishini amancinci naphakathi, kubandakanywa kuphela ukuphuhliswa kobudlelwane bezorhwebo, kodwa kunye noonxibelelwano oluphezulu kunye nezesayensi kunye namazwe angaphandle;
• Inkxaso yamaziko emfundo asebenza ekuhlaziyeni nasekuphakanyeni izinga lezakhono zabasebenzi beefenki ezincinci;
• Ukuphuhliswa nokuphunyezwa kwalawo maspala kuphela, kodwa nakwiinkqubo zenkxaso-mali jikelele.

Amashishini amancinci kunye nokuthengwa kombuso

Enye yeenkalo zenkxaso yiphakamiso (kunye nendawo ethile kunye nemfuno) ukuba zibandakanye kwiinkampani zentengiso yabasebenzi bamashishini amancinci naphakathi (i-223-FZ ayilawuli kuphela ixesha lokuthengwa okufunekayo kumashishini amancinci, kodwa umgangatho kunye nenani lokuthengiselana). Ukongezelela, umyalelo unika ithuba lokuba kusekwe nguRhulumente weRussia Federation into ephambili yokuthengwa kweempahla (iinkonzo, ukuveliswa) kwemveliso yaseRussia phambi kwamanye amazwe. Le yindlela ekufuneka ukuba negalelo ekuphuhliseni ishishini elincinci.

Ukwandiswa rhoqo kweziseko zophuhliso loshishino lwabucala kusenza siqinisekise ukuba amashishini amancinci naphakathi (umgaqo, udidi oluchazwe ngezantsi) luxhaswa nguRhulumente.

Ingcamango

Ukwahlulelwa kweenkampani kuyimfuneko nje kuphela kwiimanani. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ufumane isigqibo soxhaswa karhulumente, ukwabela amaqela amabhizinisi anokufumana irhafu yokukhetha, njl njl.

Ngoko, yintoni le - izifundo zoshishini elincinci naphakathi? Imigaqo echazwe kwiRussia Federation, okokuqala, qwalasela izikhombisi ezimbini: inani labasebenzi abasebenza kunye nezinga lokuthatha inxaxheba kwintlalo kwi-capital capital. Emva koko landela ixabiso lokunciphisa ixabiso kunye ne- capital capital, kunye nokuthengiswa kwonyaka.

Okokuqala siza kucacisa ukuba nayiphi na inkampani inokudluliselwa kumashishini amancinci (aphakathi), ukuba inxalenye yombutho wegqeba eligunyazisiweyo ayidluli kwi-25%. I-caveat ebalulekileyo kukucaciswa ukuba inxaxheba yoluntu iyayiqonda ukuba iquka inkolo, imibutho kawonkewonke, inceba kunye nezinye iziseko, kunye nabemi basemzini kunye namaziko angokomthetho. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo yimfuneko yokuba isabelo somnye umbutho wezomthetho kwisigqeba esiphezulu senkampani esisezantsi (asiphakathi) asinakugqitha kuma-25%.

Izifundo zabashishini abancinci nabangaphakathi (iinjongo zokumisela ukuba zithandwa ngokwenene) akufanele zibe ngabantu abangaphezu kwama-250 kwixesha lokunika ingxelo. Kodwa apha, nathi, sithetha ngento yokuba iqumrhu liya kufumana izinga eliphakathi kwabantu abayi-101-250; Yaye incinci - ukuba inani labasebenzi abaqeshwe lingadluli kwi-100. Kubamashishini amancinci ukucwangciswa okucacileyo, esiza kuthetha ngawo emva kancinci.

Into elandelayo ekunikeziseni ishishini phakathi okanye encinci yenzeke yonyaka. Kwiminyaka yokunika ingxelo, imali evela ekuthengisweni kwemveliso yayo ngaphandle kwe-VAT ayiyi kudlulela inani elimiselwe nguRhulumente waseRussia Federation. Olu nani lugqitywa njalo kwiminyaka emihlanu ngesiseko soqwalaselo oluqhubekayo. Imilinganiselo yokulinganiselwa kwemali yonyaka isetyenziswe yimveliso kunye neenkampani zohlu.

Yintoni ebonwa njengamashishini amancinci kumashishini athile

Ngokuxhomekeka kwimiba yemisebenzi, amashishini amancinci naphakathi angabalwa kwithuba lokunika ingxelo inani labasebenzi bexesha elizeleyo (kunye nalabo basebenzayo kwisivumelwano):

• Abantu abayi-100 bezothutho, iinkampani zoshishino kunye nokwakha;
• Abantu abangama-60 kwintsimi yesayensi kunye nezobugcisa kunye nolimo;
• Abantu aba-30 beenkonzo zokuthengisa kunye nabathengi;
• Abantu abangama-50 kwiinkampani ezibandakanyekayo kwezohwebo.

Umgca wokugqibela (abantu abangama-50) usebenza kuwo onke amasebe nemisebenzi engabhalwanga.

Oosomashishini ngabanye

Ukongeza, ngokwemithetho yoMthetho waseRashiya ka-Julayi 24, 2007 No. 209-FZ "Ekuphuhlisweni kwamashishini amancinci naphakathi kweRussia Federation", amashishini amancinci naphakathi nawa onke "abarhwebi abucala". Okokuthi, abantu ngabanye baqhuba ishishini ngaphandle kokubhalisa iqumrhu lomthetho.

Ngaloo ndlela, kukho uluhlu olubanzi lweenkampani ezifunyenweyo, ezinokuchazwa njengezifundo zamashishini amancinci naphakathi. Ingcamango "yeentlobo" isebenza kuphela kumafemu amancinci: apha iphuma iqela elinjenge-"micro-small" shishini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni intsimi yomsebenzi, inani labasebenzi baloo nkampani akufanele libe ngabantu abangaphezu kwe-15.

Rhafu

Umbuzo ovame ukusizwa ngowoku: ngaba izifundo zabarhwebi abancinci nabangaphakathi bahlawula irhafu . Ukwahlula kweenkampani kwenza kube lula ukuchonga amafenethi anokufumana iirhafu ezikhethiweyo ngokuqhubekayo. Namhlanje, inkqubo elula yokuhlawula irhafu, ukubalwa kwengxelo kunye nokunika ingxelo kusebenza kuphela kumashishini amashishini (ngabanye abaqhuba ibhizinisi ngaphandle kokuvula iqumrhu lomthetho) kunye namashishini amancinci (imibutho engabasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-15). Uluhlobo lomsebenzi kunye nemali engenayo kule meko ayidlala indima.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba inkampani iya kubonwa nje njengegosa ngabaphathi ukuba inani lemali engenayo (ukuthengiswa kweempahla, iinkonzo, umsebenzi) akugqithisi ngamaxesha angama-1000 umvuzo omncinane kwiikota ezine (kubandakanywa nekota yokubika).

Ukongeza kwerhafu, uhulumeni ufuna ukuphuhlisa ishishini elincinci nangokubonelela ngemali-mboleko kwiimeko ezikhethiweyo, ukunikezelwa kwezixhobo zokuqashisa ngokubakho kwezivumelwano zokuqeshisa, njl njl.

Inkcazo yecandelo loshishino

Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, urhulumente usekelwe kwimibandela emithathu enquma ukuba i-firm ifumaneka kwelinye iqela okanye elinye iqela: inani labasebenzi, ixabiso leempahla, ingeniso kwithuba lokunika ingxelo.

Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zinokwenzeka ukuba i-shishini elincinci ngokwemigangatho yabasebenzi libuyisela iinkonzo (ithengisa iimveliso) ngenani eligqithisileyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, udidi lugqitywa lulona lukhulu lwexabiso lemisebenzi kunye neengeniso.

Indlela yokuba ishishini eliqhelekileyo elivela kumashishini amancinci

Ukubhekiselele kwiqela elithile lenguqu yezoshishino kuphela xa ixabiso lemali yeenkcazo zeemali ezimbini ezilandelelanayo zingaphantsi (ngaphezulu) kunezo ezisungulwe nguRhulumente waseRussia Federation. Izifundo zamashishini amancinci naphakathi kwe-RK ne-RF zitshintshela kwenye indawo. Abaphathi beenkampani akudingeki babhale nayiphi na ingxelo okanye bazalise amaxwebhu.

Kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba utshintsho kwicandelo lungakhokelela ekukhanuseni (okanye, ngokukodwa, irhafu) yeenzuzo ezithile zerhafu nokuhlaziywa kwemimiselo yomboleko. Ukwenza oku, inkonzo yerhafu ithumela isaziso kumphathi wenkampani, echaza isimo esitsha senkampani.

Amashishini amasha

Iifemu ezibhalisiweyo ngexesha lonyaka zingabizwa ngokuba zincinci ukuba ngowomnyaka wokuqala wenkqubo imisebenzi yeenombolo zebasebenzi kunye nenani lexabiso lexabiso lempahla ayinakugqithisa ixabiso lemilinganiselo elungisiweyo. Oku akusebenzi kuphela kubahwebi ngabanye, kodwa nakwiifama kunye nakwiinkampani zenkampani.

Njengoko amabhaliswe kubhaliswa phakathi konyaka, ezi zikhombisi zibalwa kuphela ngexesha eliye laphela ukususela kubhaliso lwequmrhu.