Igalelo "Hugo": inkcazo, iilureates, iincwadi ezilungileyo kunye neenkcukacha ezithakazelisayo

I-"Hugo" - umvuzo owanikezelwa kwimisebenzi evelele kwizinto ezahlukeneyo okanye inzululwazi yesayensi. Ngowokuqala kwanikezelwa ngowe-1953, ukususela ngoko umkhosi uqhutywa rhoqo ngonyaka. Yintoni eyaziwa ngabanina abadumileyo "bakaHugo", yintoni imisebenzi enomdla eyenza ukuba bafumane le ntlawulo ezukileyo?

I-Award yeHugo: inkcazo

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaso, isithethe sokumakisha iincwadi ezilungileyo kwiimbali zengqondo kunye nezesayensi kunye nomvuzo ozukileyo, wazalwa ngo-1953. I-Award yeHugo ngumvuzo owanikezelwa kwiNgqungquthela Yehlabathi Yehlabathi. Ababhali abaye bapapashwa ngeeNgesi (okanye baguqulelwe kuwo) kunyaka odlulileyo banethuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kwintcintiswano. Isicatshulwa somsebenzi kufuneka sibe negama lamawaka angama-40. Ibhaso ngumfuziselo, ojonge njenge-rocket.

I-Award yeHugo ngokuqhelekileyo inikezelwa ngesiseko seziphumo zokuvota okukhethiweyo. Iindwendwe ezibhaliswe kwiNkomfa Yehlabathi zenza inxaxheba ekuvoteleni. Incwadana efumanayo iqulethe amagama amanoveli amahlanu anamalungu amaninzi aphakanyisiweyo ejury kulo nyaka. Umhla ochanekileyo weNdibano ye-Worldcon ayikho, ngokukodwa umcimbi uya kubanjwa ngasekupheleni kweAgasti okanye ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Abalingani beentlanganiso zefantasy bangenzeka kwiidolophu ezahlukeneyo emhlabeni jikelele.

Umgcini-rekhodi

Nguwuphi umbhali owanikezwa i-Hugo Prize amaxesha amaninzi? Ingxelo ehloniphekileyo yayibhaliweyo yombhali wezenzululwazi uRobert Heinlein - indoda eyamkele le ngqungquthela amahlanu. Umbhali, owashiya eli hlabathi ngo-1988 eneminyaka engama-80 ubudala, uthathwa njengenzalamizi yase-American fiction, owenza igalelo elixabisekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwalo hlobo.

Imisebenzi kaHeinlein iyakhangelwa ngokukhethekileyo kwemifanekiso, ukungaqiniseki kwecebo elihambayo, ukukhazimulisa kunye nokuhlaselwa kolwimi. Ukususela kwiimvanoveli zakhe akunakwenzeka ukuphuma, umbhali unako ukugcina abafundi bexakeke kuze kube yiphepha lokugqibela. "Isango ukuya kwihlobo" - enye yezinto ezintlanu esebenza ngayo umbhali wanikezwa i-award "Hugo".

Umgca ophakathi kwintleveli ngumvelisi onobungcali uDaniel Davis, ngenxa yokungabikho kwakhe kwengqondo ehlala engxakini. Xa umntu osemfana eba lixhoba lokungcatsha, umtshakazi omhle uyamkhaphela ngomhlobo omhle. UDaniyeli akaphuli nje kuphela ngabantu abasondeleyo, kodwa zonke izinto azigcineleyo. Eqonda ukuba akukho nto yokulahleka, umqambi uyasondela kwikamva elikufutshane. Kwilizwe apho iminyaka engama-30 sele idlulile, uzama ukwakha ubomi obutsha.

I-Green Mile (uStephen King)

Impumelelo ephumeleleyo ingaqhayisa ngabanye abaphumeleleyo kwi-Hugo Prize. UStephen King yindoda engenayo imfuneko. Ukususela kwipeni lomlobi waseMerika kwafika imisebenzi emininzi yemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Uninzi lwazo lufakwe ngempumelelo. "UHugo" uKumkani wathola incwadi yakhe edumileyo ethi "The Green Mile."

Abafundi bafumana ithuba lokufunda kwi-bombomu yokubulala i-bombom, apho iimoya ekhohlakeleyo ilawula. Ababambene beza apha ukuba bangaze babuyele kwihlabathi labaphilayo. Kodwa ngaba bonke abachasene nobugebengu obundlobongela abemi be-bombomu yokuzibulala abaya kufa kwisihlalo sombane banetyala ngokwenene?

"451 degrees Fahrenheit" (uRay Bradbury)

URay Bradbury uyindoda, engaphezu kweminyaka engama-92 ebomini bakhe, yakwazi ukubhala imisebenzi engaphezu kwe-800 eyabhalwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Igama lakhe lihlala likhankanywe xa iifeksi zenzululwazi zoluhlu zidweliswe. Udumile waseBradbury wenza incwadi yakhe "i-451 degrees Fahrenheit", ezinye iincwadi zaziwa ngokuba udumo lwakhe. Ibhaso lomlobi "uHugo" wahlonishwa nje ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuqala "we-stellar".

"I-451 degrees Fahrenheit" iyinveli apho uluntu lwentlalo-post luvela khona ebusweni bomfundi. Kule hlabathi kukho i-detachment ekhethekileyo eyomsebenzi wokutshisa naziphi na iimpapasho ezibhaliweyo. Abantu ababonayo kwiincwadi zabo bafumana isijeziso esibi. Abemi banqatshelwe ukuthanda kwabo ngenxa yempembelelo yokubambisana komboniswano. Abachasayo bavakaliswa bengenangqondo kwaye baxhomekeke "kunyango". Izikhalazo zilandelwa yinja yombane.

"Earthsea" (Ursula Le Guin)

Umsebenzi wokuqala, ongowomjikelezo othakazelisayo we "Earthsea", wenza inkwenkwezi ngaphambili eyayingaziwa nawuphi na umbhali. I-Ursula Le Guin yaqala ukuqhathaniswa nabadali abanjalo njengoL Lewis, uHeinlein kunye neTolkien, ngaphandle kokungekho nto eyayingayi kuba yindalo kunye nenzululwazi yengqiqo. I-"Hugo" yaqaphela ukuba yimpumelelo eyenziwa ngumdali wehlabathi elimangalisayo.

Inyathelo yamanveveli omjikelezo eyenzekayo ebukumkanini bobuqili be-Earthsea, kwi-labyrinths enzima elula ukuba ilahleke. Ihlabathi lemilingo libhaliswe kwiinkcukacha ezincinci, zenziwa ziphila kwaye zilutha. Akumangalisi ukuba inani labalandeli bomjikelezo lilinganiselwa kwizigidi.

Yintoni enye yokuyifunda

Ngubani omnye owanikezelwa ngeminyaka yobukho bayo "I-Hugo"? Abaphumeleleyo, abangenakukunyanzelwa, nguGeorge Martin, u- Isaac Asimov, uRobert Bloch. UGeorge Martin ngumlobi womjikelo odumileyo "Ingoma Yomlilo Nomlilo," isenzo sakhe senzeke ebukumkanini bobuxoki beVasteras. Kwilizwe elikhohlisayo kukho umzabalazo wamagazi onamandla, apho abathathi-nxaxheba abaphela nje ngabameli bentlalo yabantu abahlala kwiintsapho ezihloniphekileyo, kodwa kunye nezidalwa eziyimfihlakalo eziyimfihlakalo. "UHugo" uMartin wathola ngomnye wemisebenzi engcono yomjikelezo - "iMfazwe yamaKumkani".

URobert Bloch ngumlobi oqhankqalaza wezesayensi owamkela ibhaso kwincwadi ethi "Qeqesha kwiSihogo". Umntu ophambili kwibali ngumfana omncinane ogama lakhe linguMartin, oye wahlangana nesitimela esingaqondakaliyo. Umqhubi unika inkontrakthi kwinkwenkwe, ngokuya ngokuthi uMartin uyavuma ukuhamba ngolu qeqesho, aze afune ukuzaliseka kwanoma yimiphi iminqweno yakhe.

U-Isaac Asimov ungomnye umlobi oyingcali ogqwesileyo wezesayensi owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke, ogama lakhe likhankanywe kunye nabalobi abafanelekayo njengoClark noHeinlein. Igosa elithi "Hugo" linikezelwe kulo mntu ngomsebenzi "Mina, i-robot". Umxholo oyintloko wencwadana ulwalamano lwabantu kunye noomatshini.

Hugo namhlanje

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-60, abathathi-nxaxheba kwiNdibano Yehlabathi baye bavavanya umsebenzi wezenzululwazi zabangqina bezabelo kwaye banikezelwa ngamabhaso. Ziziphi ivelile ozifumene kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo? I-Laureates ye-Hugo Awards iminyaka (2010-2014): Paolo Bachigalupi, uConnie Willis, uJoe Walton, uJohn Scalzi, uAnn Leki.

UPaolo Bachigalupi ulethe "uHugo" incwadana yakhe ethi "Clockwork", eyayihlobo lwe-biopank. Umsebenzi uthatha abafundi kwikhulu lama-23, okwenzekayo eThailand. Ihlabathi lijongene neengxaki eziye zaba ngumphumo wokufudumala kwehlabathi, amanzi asezilwandle zehlabathi aye afihla ininzi yelizwe. Usindiso luboniswa ngabameli bentlalo yoluntu ekuphuhlisweni kwe-biotechnology, kodwa ukhuseleko lwabasindileyo lusongelwa yiminqweno eqhubekayo yabanini beenkampani ezihamba phambili.

"Abakhonzi bezoBulungiswa" - incwadana enokuncediswa ngayo umbhali u-Anne Leckie ukuba wayekho emhlabeni. Okokuqala kwaphumelela ukuba iphumelele, loo mveliso yanikezwa i-award "Hugo". Isenzo senzeke kwikamva elikude, apho ihlabathi lilawulwa ngubukhosi obunamandla iRadch, ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiikoloni ezihlakazekile zomhlaba. Ewe, abafundi balindele ukuzonwabisa okuthakazelisayo kwindawo.

Inyaniso

Kwakhona kunomdla kumbhali owona manani aphezulu kunikezelwa umvuzo we "Hugo"? Abaphumeleleyo (ngaphandle koRobert Heinlein okhankanywe ngasentla, umninimzi wesithomo ezinhlanu) nguBuold, Asimov, Vinj, Willis. Ngokomzekelo, uLois Bujold unamabhaso amane eHugo, kwaye uIsake Azimov uye wakwazi ukuwina umvuzo ozukileyo kathathu.

Ubungqina obunomdla, ukuvela kwento eyabhengezwa kwiNdibano Yehlabathi eyayibanjwe ngo-1996: umvuzo we "Retro-Hugo". Amagama athi loo mi sebenzi yashicilelwe kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo (ukuya ku-100) kwaye ngaphambili ayinikezwa nguHugo unokubanga eli bhaso. Ngo-2016, yanikezelwa ezine kuphela. Abanikazi balo babengabalobi njengoRobert Heinlein, uRay Bradbury, u-Isaac Asimov kunye noTerence White.