Icon - yintoni na le nto? icons bamandulo kunye nentsingiselo yawo. Yintoni na icon wesiqhelo?

Icon - indima ebaluleke kakhulu ubuKristu. Liguqulwe lithatyathwa kwigama lesiGrike elithetha "umfanekiso." Ngokuqhelekileyo, abangcwele ezahlukeneyo, uMama kaThixo kubonisiwe kwi icon, Iisus Hristos okanye iintshukumo ezenzeka kumaxesha amandulo, yaye zichazwe iZibhalo.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga ii icon, ixabiso yabo yokomoya

Zikhothe kubonisiwe kwi icon, yini na uYehova uThixo. Kukholelwa ukuba bujolise kuphela ukukhumbuza kokuthandaza zobuThixo. Ngenxa yoko, babhala kwi icon ayikho ubuso, kunye nobuso. kubaluleke kakhulu kukho amehlo ezibonisa ubunzulu komphefumlo. Akukho okukhulu kangako kunye nezijekulo ngesandla ukuba baphathe intsingiselo ethile.

Amanye amalungu nani anombilini kakhulu, njengokuba kubhaliwe yenzelwe ukubonisa amandla ngaphakathi. Kungenxa kule kunye nogxininiso.

Xa ixesha elithile phakathi kwamagcisa waba zonqulo isihloko ethandwayo. Kwaye ndingathanda - imizobo kunye icons kwi umxholo inye kubonisiwe kuso saint efanayo, umzekelo. Kodwa phezu komhlaba kukho ngelaphu yokomoya, kwaye eyesibini ayikho. Ngoko ke, imfuneko ukuthobela iconography sele kudala laqulunqa ukuchana ngaphandle iinkcukacha ngengozi. iqhekeza nganye iphatha intsingiselo ethile kunye umthwalo ngokomoya.

Icon ukusuka ngembono yembali

Ukubonakala icon lisukela emva A.D. I ngenkulungwane Kukholelwa ukuba ngowokuqala kubo zadalwa nguLuka, owathi wabhala enye iinxalenye iVangeli. Ngokutsho uguqulelo yesibini, indlela endala kukuba kunokubethelela ebusweni bukaYesu Kristu, xa wamanga ngetawuli ngexesha ukuhlanjwa.

Ngenye indlela, imifanekiso ezininzi amandulo kwafunyanwa yomhla emva kwinkulungwane VI. Baye kwenziwa baseByzantium uBukhosi, apho waba nempembelelo enkulu ekubhalweni icon. Kuyo efanayo, kodwa kamva, zabhalwa izinqumo yokubhalwa imifanekiso.

Imbali imifanekiso amaxesha ezahlukeneyo. Batshutshiswa, luhlaza, uze utshintshe indlela yokubhala. Ngalinye imifanekiso ibonisa ixesha, nganye yahlukile. A lot of icon, exudes imore, iinyembezi, igazi, bayiphilise imilwelwe ngamaxesha engxingongo. Baya kuthathwa izinto ezininzi ezingcwele.

Indlela ukudala icon

Icon - luphawu ebalulekileyo ukuba ikholwa, ngoko, inkqubo yokudala umboniso for ixesha elide yachaza izimiso, leyo isagciniwe nangoku. Ukwenza umfanekiso - akunjalo fast, kufuneka ubuncinane iinyanga ezintathu ukulungiselela le njongo.

Ukudala icon esinezinto amanyathelo ukuba waphawula ngokucacileyo:

• Ukhetho beenkuni, eyimveliso ibhodi, nto leyo eya kuba sisiseko.
• Emva koko, umphezulu ukulungele. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba umfanekiso wahlala ixesha elide ngaphandle utshintsho. Ukuze wenze oku, yenza iintshukumo ezininzi. Kuqala yenza ukuwakhumbula, ulwelo ngcina ke isicelo, emva - primer (gesso). Yokugqibela kufuneka usetyenziswe izihlandlo ezimbalwa waqeshisa ngaso zome ngokucokisekileyo emva - cuba. Amaxesha amaninzi phambi kokuba umaleko gesso leyo ethe okanye serpyanku pavoloka (ilaphu ezizodwa).
• Inqanaba elilandelayo - le iipateni. Lo mfanekiso lokugqibela - circuit nje. Kufuneka ibe emva kokuba ukulicudisa into elibukhali, ngoko loo nto ulahlekile phakathi kwezinye zikhabane.
• Ukuba icon gilding, kufuneka isetyenziswe kanye ngoku, kweli nqanaba.
• Ngoku kufuneka ukuba ukulungisa yepeyinti. Ukuze ufumane uluhlu lwe icon kufuneka zithathwe zendalo.
• Ipeyinti yokuqala monochromatic isicelo kwisiqalo kunye dolichnye iziqalelo.
• Emva koko kufike womzobo. Dolichnye iziqalelo processing lokuqala (landscape, impahla), ngoko ukupeyinta amalungu zakho zabucala (izandla, iinyawo, ubuso). Kwakhona usayine icon (ngubani uboniswa kuyo).
• Kubekho nokuyifeza touch na unyango kunye ivanishi okanye lacquer.

Emva koko ke icon Uze umngcwalise.

Ukubaluleka nokubaluleka icon kulo ibandla,

Zonke nkonde etempileni uxabiseke yabo, ndawo. Okubandakanywe iconostasis ibandla iyabonakala ngoko nangoko. A udonga ngomthi na phambi kwesibingelelo yetempile. On kuyo - umfanekiso ubomi bukaKristu, inkcazelo wokubandezeleka kwakhe.

Kufuneka wazi ukuba yonke icon oxhonywe endaweni yayo akukho ngozi. Xa iziko efunekayo ekuthiwa-Deesis series apho kukho ukholo ezininzi ezingcwele. Xa iziko layo - i icon kaKristu uSomandla. picture holiday, phakathi kwabo - - Top amabali iTestamente Entsha.

Xa iziko le iconostasis zezi Royal Doors, leyo - isibingelelo. Kwicala ngalinye - imifanekiso kunye ubuso kaKristu kunye Virgin. Kwakhona, kukho kwakhona iqela enamanqanaba ephantsi, nto leyo izaliswe imifanekiso ze abangcwele, kwakunye nemifanekiso iiholide iziqu ngakumbi.

Ukuthetha ngento kuthetha icon ebandleni, sinako uqaphele ukubaluleka kwazo kwimibhiyozo ezahlukeneyo, ukukhunjuzwa leNkosi abathembekileyo. Abanye babe iwonga njengoko ukuphiliswa izifo zabo, performing iminqweno yehlabathi. Abiza ke ngumbulelo ngenxa uncedo.

Kukholelwa, ke ngoko, ukuba icon kwi ibandla abalamleli. Amakholwa siyazi ukuba, ngokuthi angenise isicelo abangcwele lokwenene kubonisiwe kuzo kulindeleka ukunceda.

Ii icon kakhulu nabadala

E ubuKristu, kukho imifanekiso ngokukodwa iyahlonelwa ukuba eze kuthi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Zezona unxulumano phakathi kwexesha xa iziganeko ezenzeka eBhayibhileni, neyethu. Le icon yamandulo kwi original kakhulu igcinwe kwiimyuziyam, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi akhutshelweyo kwezinye iitempile.

Umzekelo, kwi-Kiev Museum izindlu Art Western kwaye Oriental kakhulu yamandulo icon ye Ioanna Krestitelya, leyo lisukela emva kwinkulungwane VI. Yenziwe ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa ixesha - encaustic. Yasebenzisa ngayo ukupeyinta icon endala kuBukhosi baseByzantium.

Kwakhona enye umfanekiso omdala walondoloza apha ekupeyinteni Abapostile uPetros noPawulos. Umhla indalo yayo - kwinkulungwane XI. Ngoku ke zigcinwa Novgorod Museum. It is engafakwanga ngokupheleleyo: izandla, ubuso neenyawo musa ukugcina ipeyinti yokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha nokubuyiselwa yakhiwe zahlaziywa.

Le icon yangoku of St. George, apho igcinwa Kwingcingane Cathedral e Moscow, phezu kuqikelelo libhekisela ekupheleni XI - ekuqaleni kuka XII leminyaka. Ekulondolozweni izinto zonke ezilungileyo.

icon yamandulo - oku elingagungqiyo ebalulekileyo yobuKristu. Ngamnye kubo ibali elilelakho ezizodwa ukubhala ubuchule yayo. Uphando lubonisa ii icon, neziye zithi ke ngoko wasebenzisa izinto ukwenza kubo. Ngelishwa, bambalwa gqitha wasinda ezo imifanekiso yokuqala, njengoko kubekho nexesha intshabalalo abaninzi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kunqabile ngexesha eliboniswe ngababhali. Oku kwakubonisa ukuba ezibalulekileyo iconography kuseyimfuneko umfanekiso.

icon ogama

Olu didi olwahlukileyo imifanekiso ku ubuKristu. Lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba icons ezifunyenwe elubhaptizweni, ngoko ke kufuneka zigcinwe ubomi. Bekuya kuba ngcono ukuba akuxhome ngendlela phezu yosana umntwana, ukuze kugcinwe apho kwiingozi.

Kufuneka wazi ukuba lo icon - zezo lubhekisele santa athanda ukuyibeka embekweni umntu obhaptiziweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umfanekiso eso ezikhethiweyo egameni umntwana. Ukuba loo nto phakathi abangcwele, kuyimfuneko ukuba ongoyena khulu. Ngoko ke, lo mntwana kubonakala umxhasi.

Kumaxesha amandulo ezifana icons wayalela ngokukodwa ngenxa yokuzalwa okanye nobhaptizo umntwana. Baye ngokuba nangalinganiyo kunye inkosi apha ekukhuleni kosana.

icons Igama azisetyenziswa kuphela ngezihlandlo ezikhethekileyo. Kukwakho:

• icons Wedding - isetyenziswe ngexesha lokuthweswa ebandleni;
• usapho - bona abangcwele abamagama bahambelana amalungu entsapho, ukuba adla isuka kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ingabonakaliswa;
• abo abe phezu iconostasis ekhaya;
• icon amoyika usapho engcwele.

Le icon edume nguMama kaThixo

Kuchaphazela ngakumbi kwi iconography kwifomu nemazi, oko kukuthi, i-Mother eNgcwele. imifanekiso yayo ehlonitshwa kakhulu abathembekileyo, basoloko namandla angummangaliso. Ngamnye kubo intsingiselo yayo. Nayiphi icon ezinjalo (isithombe kweli nqaku) uqobo kakhulu.

• Kazan Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Wafunyanwa Julayi 8, 1579 ngomhla eluthuthwini indlu elinyukayo e Kazan. Le icon ithathwa nelokuphilisa.
• Iver icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Kuba okokuqala malunga Kwazeka oko malunga nenkulungwane IX, xa kwenzeka lo mmangaliso, kwaye oko kwaphuma igazi. Emva koko, wafunyanwa kwiNtaba iAthos kwiminyaka 200. Umthandazo phambi kwalo icon inceda ngexesha iimeko ezinzima, kuba ukuphiliswa okanye ukwanda ukuchuma komhlaba.
• Tikhvin Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Kukholelwa ukuba yabhalwa nguLuka loMshumayeli. Ngoku igcinwe Rossii.Eta icon elizukiswayo kakhulu koomama. Oku kunceda xa kusenziwa umthandazo abantwana ukuphiliswa babo. Sithandazela ukuba abafazi bakhe abafuna ukuba omama.
• Vladimir Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Omnye omdala, ukufuywa ngeenxa ngenkulungwane XI. Namhlanje zigcinwe kwi Tretyakov Igalari. Ndithandaza kule icon ngexesha lemfazwe, ukomeleza ukholo. kwakhona kunceda izifo (ezifana engqondweni nasemzimbeni). Kukholelwa ukuba le icon ungumgcini kunye nomkhuseli yendlu ngemicimbi yobomi.

Kukho nezinye imifanekiso nguMama kaThixo, sithandazele nto. icon nganye - oku iyakhusela ebalulekileyo kunye noncedo olukhethekileyo umfanekiso ababhinqileyo ku ubuKristu.

Nikolaya Chudotvortsa Icon

UNikolay Chudotvorets - akukho ngaphantsi ayeze ongcwele kwihlabathi lamaKristu. Vula kuye kwimiba ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka nkenenkene phambi kokubeka ingxabano kunye neemeko. Wayehlala kwi III-IV iinkulungwane, kwaye ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi waduma ngenxa ngezenzo ezikhulu. Kukho ezininzi icon yayo, imifanekiso ezibonisa ulwalamano lwakhe.

Umfanekiso zindala saint lisukela emva kwinkulungwane XI kwaye ibekwe phezu kwentaba yeSinayi, xa weemonki iSt.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kule yoonongendi ezininzi neetempile imifanekiso yakhe, abe iipropati imimangaliso.

Icons yoNyana kaThixo, uYesu Kristu

Enye imifanekiso bokuqala bakaYesu Kristu uphawu yakhe ngetawuli, owayebonakele apho ngomlingo. Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje ukuba ngokuba uMsindisi azenziwanga ngezandla.

Ukuba sithethe iiayikhoni kaYesu Kristu, ngoko into eninzi kubo. Kukho kwakhona iintlobo ezininzi zokubhala nemifanekiso yakhe.

• UMsindisi - ubuso engqongqo, ukubhala yakhe ashenxe ncwadi.
• KuKristu Pantocrator - kukholeleka ukuba lo mfanekiso yayo ephambili, nto leyo nayo isoloko ubudala wakhe wokushumayela.
• Face engcwele. It zibonakala ngeentlobo ezimbini - "uMsindisi on ubrus" "noMsindisi kwi ukakayi."

UNyana ngokomfanekiso kaThixo namhlanje uye kwezinye izinto zomthetho. Le ncwadi halo, outerwear, iphedi, ingubo. Kwakhona qiniseka ukuba ungene.

imifanekiso yakhe, nentsingiselo yabo iwonga ekhethekileyo ubuKristu.

Icon ye Sergiya Radonezhskogo

Sergiy Radonezhsky - le yenye abangcwele kakhulu iziqu. Ngexesha lokudla kwakhe, awayekwenza uqulukubhode ezininzi egameni likaKrestu. Amazwi akhe ezixolelaniswe kwaye wehlisa.

Kwi icon ye Sergiy Radonezhsky ibonisa engqongqo, ngesandla sokunene ephakanyiswe yintsikelelo. Ngasekhohlo, uqhuba esongwayo njengophawu ulwazi. imifanekiso yakhe kunye nentsingiselo yazo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amaKristu. Thandaza kule njengengcwele zokuzikhusela nxamnye neentshaba ngenxa lizwe. Ukwanceda kwizifundo, phambi kokuba iimviwo okanye nje ngexesha ubunzima ekuqondeni nantoni na.

Mirotochenie izimanga icons

Imore-ustrimisho icon - kuba ngummangaliso oko kungenzeki rhoqo kakhulu. Kukholelwa ukuba isilumkiso lwakhe ngokuthile. Kwakhona, le meko ibe sisiphumo umthandazo obude onyanisekileyo.

Kukholelwa ukuba ulwelo, leyi kandziyisaka i icon ngeli xesha, okuphilisayo. Ukuba wenza intambiso abagulayo, isigulo bakhe ukuhamba.

Mirotochenie - kukwayinto entle isenzeko weNkosi ebantwini bakholwayo. Lo myalezo kwakhe kubo.

Amaxabiso icons

Kwimeko nganye kwevenkile kwecawa unako ukuthenga ii icon. amaxabiso zabo ezahlukeneyo. Eqolo, Kakade ke, zezona imifanekiso kudala yasinda ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Uninzi lwabo zigcinwa kwiimyuziyam okanye amabandla. icon ezinjalo abadli wathengisa kuphela Uqikelelo. Ngokomzekelo, imifanekiso abapostile uPetros, uPawulos, noYohane, uMarko, umhla kwekhulu XVI. Ziye ke kuqikelelwa kwi-150 lamawaka euro.

Kwakhona, ixabiso icon iya kuxhomekeka kuyilo yayo. Ngapha koko, nkqu imifanekiso ebhalwe ngexesha lethu, kodwa ihonjiswe ngezinto ezixabisekileyo (igolide, isilivere, amatye anqabileyo), ziya kuthengiswa cheap. Ngenani kokuba aqale ngo 2500 engange. Ixabiso liya kuxhomekeka izinto.

Ukuba ufuna icon cheap, oko ilula kuyilo. Baya zingathengwa ezivenkileni kufuphi ibandla. imifanekiso efana nale kuthengelwa phantsi $ 100 nangaphezulu.

efanayo icon Rare zingathengwa i venkile antique okanye ukuthengiswa ingqokelela labucala. Kunzima ukuba zazi ezi icon kunye neentsingiselo zawo, njengoko zibalulekile ngokwenene ukuba ikholwa.