I trektara MAZ-7904: inkcazo nempawu zobugcisa

Imbali phantse yonke i-shishini ibonisa ukuba akuzona zonke iiprototypes eziye zenzelwe ukuba zibe yi-serial.

Iitrektare ezigulisayo kunye neenqwelo ezixakekileyo, eziveliswe ngowe-1983 kwimveliso yemoto e-Minsk, zihlala zithandwa ngenxa yesisindo nesayizi. Nangona kunjalo, iipameters zikhulu kunezo eziphethwe yi-missile edibeneyo "Topol" (esekelwe kwi-MAZ-7912 kunye ne-7917 enee-seven axles), ihluke kumanqaku angama-MAZ-7904.

Iqhosha elikhulu

Ngokuphathelele ukuba kwakukho i-chask ekhethekileyo kwixesha lamaSoviet, babesazi kuphela abaqulunqi beempi kunye nemikhosi. Ukushona kwelanga kwithuba lebhodi yamabhunga, okwenzeka ngawo-1980, kwaphawulwa kwimbali yehlabathi kukuba iimodeli ezintsha zeemoto ezinkulu zadalwa kwintsimi ye-design ekhethekileyo ye-MAZ. Ukungafani kwabo kwaqinisekiswa kungekhona kwintsimi ye-USSR, kodwa kwihlabathi lonke.

Kuphela emva kokuwa kwelo lizwe, ulwazi lukhutshwe malunga nolwazi lwamashishini abucala obuphambili. Phakathi kwezi ziqhwala zaseSoviet yi-MAZ-7904 kunye neetekisi ezithandathu. Uyilo lo matshini lwenzeka ekupheleni kwee-70s.

Impembelelo yenkqubela phakathi kwamazwe ekudalweni kwesigxina

Ukuqala kwama-1980 kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba inxaxheba kwi-Soviet Union kunye ne-United States yaseMelika ngexesha leMfazwe yeCold, indawo ephakamileyo yokushisa yafikeleleka. Ngaphambili kwangaphambili ukutshatyalaliswa kobudlelwane kubonakaliswe phakathi kweengxaki zeCaribbean. Ezi zimbini eziphezulu zibonise ngokucacileyo amandla enyukliya phambi komnye nomnye. NgoFebruwari 1980 njengesiphumo saba yithuba lokukhutshwa komyalelo we-intetho, intloko ye-yombane yemoto yeNyunyana. Ngokwalo myalelo, i-Minsk Automobile Plant inyanzelekile ukuba kuphuhliswe umthumeli othethekileyo-MAZ-7904. Impawu zobugcisa zezinga eliphezulu limele ziboniswe yilo likhulu. Ukongeza, beza kuhamba kunye nezibonakaliso ezibonakalayo ezibalulekileyo zomthwalo. Inkqubo ye-"Celina" yinkampu efunekayo yinto efunekayo njengomthwalo womthwalo wokuqalisa ukuthutha i-autonomous-launcher. Iprojekthi ye-MAZ-7904 "Celina", ngendlela, inelisekile ngokupheleleyo.

Umphathi weProjekthi

Imoto eqikelelweyo kunye nale nkcazo yenziwa phantsi kobunkokheli beminyaka ephakathi kweminyaka eyi-80 ubudala. B. Shaposhnik. Kwakhona yintloko yeeprojekthi, apho kudala khona ii-giants of course zaseSoviet MAZ-525 kunye ne-MAZ-530, kunye nazo zonke iitrakta zempi ezilandelayo ii-MAZ kunye ne-multi-axle chassis ezininzi ezininzi ezifana ne-Elbrus, iTopol kunye noPhayona ". Kwimeko ethile, uShaposhnikov wayejongene nomsebenzi onzima. Oku kuchazwa yinto yokuba isitya sokuvelisa izithuthi, izixhobo zokuqalisa kunye neentsile kwiinkomfa zeCelina zinesisindo esingama-220 amathani. Kwimodeli efanayo MAZ-7904 kwakufuneka ibe nesisindo esinzima esilingana neetoni ezingama-140. Kwakucatshulwa ukuba ubunzima bezothutho entsha kunye ne-roketi kuza kuba ngamathani angama-360. Iprojekti ye-MAZ-7904 yayingumatshini obunzima obukhulu kunye nobukhulu, obuya kusebenza kakhulu.

Ukuguqulwa koMbuso

NgoFebruwari 1981, i-Minsk Automobile Plant yaququzelela intlanganiso ephakathi kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba:

• AbaPhathiswa abanoxanduva lwezithuthi, izikhuselo nezombane;
• Umlawuli wezobuqhetseba obuqilima;
• USekela loMphathiswa wezoKhuselo weeMpahla;
• UMyili oyiNtloko yeZibonelelo zokuSebenzisa izixhobo zokusebenza kwiiNkcazo zeMissile OKB-1 ye-Barrikady Plant;
• Umyili oyiNtloko ye-MIT kunye ne-missile complex "Celina";
• Abanye abaqulunqa abaphezulu nabaphathi.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ingxoxo yeprojekthi "yeCelina" kunye nezothutho zezothutho ezenzelwe yona, ebizwa ngokuba yi-MAZ 7904, yaqhutyelwa. Enye yeemoto ezinkulu kwihlabathi ngenxa yokudalwa kwayo kwakudingeka ukuba kwisikhokelo sendibano uShahnhnik:

• Jonga ukubunzima kwemisebenzi;
• Kufuneka ukwandiswa kwabasebenzi bee-designers kwi-bureau (malunga nabantu abayi-100);
• Ukubanika indawo yokuhlala.

Ukuzalisa inani leemfuno

Zonke iimfuno zakhe zithathwe ngokungathí sina, zenziwa ngokukhawuleza. UMphathiswa wezeMoto wezoThutho V. I-Polyakov yabelwe ibhajethi yesibonelelo semali eyongezelelweyo yabasebenzi, kwaye uMphathiswa wezoKhuseleko weManyano uhlawule yonke into efunekayo ekubuyiselweni kwendawo yokuhlala. Ukongeza, i-Polyakov iqalise izixhobo zesakhiwo apho i-ofisi ye-Shaposhnik ikhona, i-elevator. Oku kwavumela abaqulunqi abadala ukuba bakwazi ukunyuka ukuya kumgangatho wesithathu. IKhabhinethi yomqambi oyintloko yongezwa yenziwe ngokulungiswa.

Iinkcukacha zoKwakha

Nangona i-MAZ-7904 lorightight lori yayilinganisa kakhulu kwaye ngaloo ndlela yayichukumisa ukuvela kweengxaki ezintsha, ngoJuni ka-1983 kwaphawulwa ngumsebenzi wokuqala, kwaye kamva kwagqitywa kwangokunjalo kunye neyokugqibela, imodeli yolu thutho. Iqhekeza elinamabhabhi amabini lalinemilinganiselo emangalisayo. Njengempahla yeekliniki, iingcali zityalo zakwa-Osipovichi zanquma ukusebenzisa i-fiberglass. Ngako oko, kwakunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubunzima bawo. Ubude beetrakta babufikelela kwi-32.2 m. Ububanzi buyi-6.8 m. Ukuphakama (umhlaba - uphahla lweeksk efana ne-3.45 m.) Njengesizathu, esi sikhulu sinomthombo wesiseko esinamandla. Kwakuyi-paji ye-hydromechanical 4-speed transmissions (enezixhobo zombini ezijikelezayo). Ukunikezelwa kwamavili e-USZ-7904 i-USSR yanikezwa ngumenzi waseJapan owaziwayo-inkampani iBridgestone. Isicwangciso senziwe senziwe njengokuba i-USSR yayithenga iivili ukuba igcwalise iilori zorhwebo ezintathu . Ngelo xesha, imboni yasekhaya yayingenawo amandla, izibonelelo, izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe obufunekayo ukuze kuveliswe amathayi ayenzelwe ukujamelana nolo hlobo loxinzelelo. Konke lo lwakhiwo lwaluqhutywe ngamavili amakhulu amakhulu (ububanzi bawo bube ngaphezu kweemitha ezintathu). I-MAZ-7904 idalwe njenge-chassis yomhlaba wonke, ngoku kuluhlu, inkalo yayo eyahlukileyo yayiyi-wheel drive yonke (i-12x12 wheel wheel), kwaye ukuphakama kwendlela yokukhwela kwakumalunga nesiqingatha semitha. Ukuphumeza i-wheel-wheel drive, indlela yokusetyenziswa kwebhodi isetyenzisiwe (ngeendlela ezimbini ezihambelana ne-hydromechanical gears). Bobabini ababini bephambili kunye neesibini ze-axle zangaphambili ze-transporter bezikhokelwe. Esi siqinisekiso sokuthi i-radius yokujika iya kufikelela kwimitha engama-50. Ii-injini ezimbini zanikezelwa kwakhona phakathi kweempawu. Kwinqwelo yokuqala yokuqala ye-12-cylinder injini ye-diesel ye-M-350 (eyenziwe yi-Leningrad PO Zvezda) - amandla aneminyaka eyi-1500. Yayixhaswa yi-gas turbine. Ndiyabulela kuye, umatshini ngokwawo waziswa. Ngenxa yesibini ye-330-i-diesel ene-V8 YaMZ-328, amandla anikezelwe kwiinkqubo ezincedisayo. Yayixhaswa yi-turbocharger, eyayisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba:

• Iipompo zokulawula izixhobo ze-Hydraulic;
• Abavelisi;
• Abafaki;
• Iicompressors eziphezulu kunye neengcinezelo eziphantsi.

Umgangatho ophezulu kakhulu wokufihla

Imfihlelo eqhuba iimvavanyo zefrijini kunye nokusebenza-kule yeyunithi yayikuphela ngexesha elimnyama lomhla. Ngelo xesha, le mi sebenzi yadibaniswa nomkhosi. Ngaphantsi kolawulo lwawo, ukuqhutywa-ngexesha libekwe. Ngenxa yoko, indawo yomoya yeSoviet Byelorussia ayifanele ibe yindawo yokuhlala i-spy satellites. Emva kokugqithisa imoto engama-547 km ecaleni kweMinsk ezungezile, yaqhaqhalwa, yalayishwa kwisiqwenga esikhethekileyo se-12-axle kwaye yathunyelwa kwintsimi yaseKazakhstan (kwi-cosmodrome yedolophu yaseBaikonur enegama elinye).

Izizathu zokuqhagamshelana ne-giant Kazakhstan

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zezigqibo. Ukuba kukho ukuphazamiseka kolwazi ukucacisa uphuhliso olufihlakeleyo, ke inguqu yenkcazo yendalo yayo iya kuthuthwa kweyunithi enkulu engabonakaliyo (okanye iibhloko ezininzi ezingabonakaliyo) zeebhakethi zendawo (umzekelo, i-Energia missile). Isizathu sesibini sasingumlingani wenjongo yinyani yalo mshini, kwaye iKazakhstan inxulumene ngqo nalo. Umkhosi wazama ukudala iimeko zeqela eli-10 elinqabileyo ukuba lihambe rhoqo kwindawo evulekile ye-kilometer kilometer phakathi kwee-steppes zaseKazakhstan. Ngayinye yalezi zihlwele ezininzi zaziphethe "indlu". Kwabonakala ngathi i-hangar. Kwisakhelo somnye wabo (kwaye mhlawumbi amaninzi), bekucetywayo ukuxhobisa i-hangar kunye nesiqalisi kunye ne-rocket. Ngelo xesha, kwakucatshulwa ukuba kwakuyinto engenakwenzeka kutshaba ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi na i-hangars ukufakela kubakho. Le ngcamango ayinakubizwa ngokuba yintsha ngeli xesha. Kwintsimi ye-USSR, kwakukho ukuqhuba isitimela esisodwa, kunye neqela labo. Wayeguqulwa njengempahla okanye isitima sabagibeli. Ngelo xesha, i-missile ye-nyukliya ephakathi kwamanye amazwe yayisekho ngaphakathi kwayo, ilungele ukuhlawula ePentagon kunoma yiyiphi into engalindelekanga kwiintshaba.

Izicwangciso ezingabonakaliyo

Efanelekileyo okanye engalunganga kwihlabathi kuyafaneleka ukuyibiza ngokuba yimiphumo, ayifakwanga, kodwa ingcamango yecala elihambayo alizange lizaliseke.

Imodeli kuphela yale moto ayikwazanga ixhotywe nge-hangar.

Kwixesha leemvavanyo zaseKazakh, emva kokudlula imoto yeekhilomitha ezingama-4100 (isantya esiphezulu esaphuthumayo sagqityiwe kwi-27 km / h), kwacaca ukuba kwakukho umzuzu obalulekileyo. Ubunzima bomhlaba buphantsi kwefuthe loxinzelelo oluthile, kwaye umthwalo omkhulu weetoni ezingama-30 wawujoliswe kwivili ngalinye. Ngenxa yoko, kwaphumela ekunciphiseni ubuchule belizwe, ukunyanzelisa nokuphathwa kakubi. Kwimeko yolu hlobo lwemoto ehamba ngokukhawuleza, ukuhamba kweendlela kwakunokwenzeka kuphela kwiindawo ezikhuni zendlela.

U-Shaposhnik kwaye kwintsebenzo yomsebenzi uyaxhala ukuba umthwalo omkhulu we-axle uza kuphazamisa ukuba iivili zesohlisi azikwazi ukusilela kwaye zingabambeleli emhlabathini.

Ngenxa yoko, ekuqaleni kuka-2007 kwacaca ukuba emva kweminyaka emininzi yokugcina imoto kwi-hangar ye-Zenit ukuqaliswa (le ndawo yayinombutho wabantu "i-Design Bureau yezoBunjineli bezothutho"), yawa phantsi kwefuthe lokugqwala. Ngonyaka ka-2010 wachithwa ngensimbi.