Sobulumko cha, irrationalist, uchasene inkoliso magama kunye nezimvo - ukuba zazisa Shopengauer Artur uluntu. Kodwa yintoni wenza kunjalo? Wamqhuba kule mbono? Wayesoloko babekholelwa ukuba intando - lembombo wobomi, ungamandla yokuqhuba uphefumlayo yobomi kuthi, Wasazisa ingqondo. Ngaphandle kokholo, angekhe kubekho nto ulwazi nobukrelekrele sophuhliso lwabasebenzi apha ukuba namhlanje. Ngoko ke yintoni eyabangela ukuba le ndlela reflection?
ebuntwaneni
I-sobulumko elizayo Arthur Schopenhauer, ogama umhla wokuzalwa iwela ngoFebruwari 28, 1788, wazalelwa kwintsapho umthengisi kunye nombhali. Ndisemncinane ubawo bazama ukubethelela uthando umfana ukuba umsebenzi wakhe, kodwa zange baphumelele kulo. Imfundo Arthur wafumana manqaphanqapha: iinyanga eziliqela e Le Havre, ukususela neqabane ishishini kayise eneminyaka engama-9 ubudala, ngoko uqeqesho kwi कार्ड ikhadi, kwisikolo elite - 11, kwaye kwiminyaka 15 oselula waya kufunda kwi UK. Kodwa zokunqumla baba abukapheli, kwaye kwixesha elifutshane uye waba kumazwe aliqela aseYurophu iminyaka emi-2.
usapho
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabazali Schopenhauer baba ezintsonkothileyo. Ekugqibeleni, uyise eyishiya intsapho yakhe, ibe kamva wazibulala. Unina waba esiyimfeketho yaye umntu okuchwayitha, ukuba cha Arthur zange babe nomonde ukuba bahlale ecaleni kwakhe ecaleni, kwaye zihamba ngo-1814, kodwa waqhubeka ukugcina nobuhlobo. Oku kunceda sobulumko ulutsha ukuba abafowunelwa abaninzi 'umdla yaye iluncedo phakathi bohemians yexesha.
omdala
Ukuba isixa enkulu kangangoko kwi-akhawunti yebhanki abahlala Shopengauer umdla Artur uza kufunda kwiYunivesithi Göttingen kwi kwezonyango. Kodwa kwiminyaka emibini kamva ke idluliselwe kwi-University of eBerlin uze utshintshe Faculty of Philosophy. Asikwazi athi wayengumfundi olungileyo. izifundo zakhe bangezi, yaye ukutyelela amahlwempu, kodwa imiba ngokwenene ezazichaphazela sobulumko elizayo, wafunda kuzo zonke iinqwelo-moya, uzama ukufumana ukuya ingcambu le ngxaki. Ezinjalo, umzekelo, ukuba ingcamango yokuzikhethela, okanye imfundiso Schelling ngayo iimpawu aphakamileyo, Locke. Ingqalelo ekhethekileyo sinikezwa iingxoxo uPlato kunye Kant sakhiwo. Ngowe-1813, Shopengauer Artur wayikhuselayo ithisisi yakhe zobugqirha phezu umthetho emhlabeni ngokwaneleyo. Kwaye ke ubeka ukuba asebenze umsebenzi wakhe ezinkulu.
kwiNtengiselwano zefilosofi
Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba umntu engaqhelekanga yaba sobulumko Arthur Schopenhauer. olunika umdla wavula kubaphandi, uqondayo iirekhodi yakhe. Kwathi kanti, ukunganeliseki yobungcali, ukunxanelwa udumo yamrholela umbhali uyageza buthathaka, kutheni ukusuka usiba yakhe uvele ngezinyeliso ngokufuthi nokuhlasela ezingalunganga nxamnye kusithiwa okhuphisana.
Ngowe-1818 wapapasha incwadi yokuqala, "The World njengoko Ziya Ukumelwa," kodwa yena waya siyathandaza luluntu jikelele okanye nezesayensi. Umshicileli ubunzima ilahleko, kwaye bulumko limala ikratshi. Ukuze ukuba aguquke emehlweni akhe,-sobulumko oselula waseJamani Arthur Schopenhauer ugqiba ukuba abathethise kwiYunivesithi Berlin. Kodwa ukusukela ngeli xesha apho wafundisa Hegel, abafundi ngoyaba le unjingalwazi oncedisayo umfana isimo sakhe udakumbile ubomi. Kuba engafuni ukuba abe sisigculelo okanye ndibaconge, umbhali aye Italy, kude ephithizelayo leyunivesithi. Kodwa nonyaka kamva uyabuyela ukuzama luck yabo indlela yokufundisa. Ukufa utshaba 1831 wenza izifundo ezithandwayo, kwaye umfana siphelelwa bafundise bonke.
Ukuhambisa. Ubomi enephepha ehlambulukileyo
Emva kokuba eBerlin ngenxa ngubhubhane sorhudo kunye wafudukela eFrankfurt, "ukuzalwa" i single omtsha - Arthur Schopenhauer. Philosophy ngokufutshane rarely, kodwa wabanekelwa ebomini bakhe. Ngoko ke, waphumelela Science Norwegian of the Royal Society ngenqaku lakhe. Ukupapashwa bakhe bonke asithandwa, kwaye reissue le ncwadi, ngoku lwaphulwa imiqulu emibini, kwakhona kwaba ukusilela. Negativism, misanthropy kunye lithemba wakhula ngakumbi Schopenhauer. Waqalisa ukuba babathiye bonke zobulumko lweewholesale ngamnye, ingakumbi Hegel, leyo okuye kwachaphazela iimbono zabo kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
revolution
"A imfazwe yaba ngomso ...". Hayi, Kakade ke, akukho apho kungekho mfazwe, kodwa emva kokuba revolution ka-1848-1849 Outlook yabantu, iingxaki zabo, iinjongo kunye nezimo zengqondo ziye zatshintsha kakhulu. Baye baba ngakumbi jonga ziingcathu kwaye uhlale kwi leyinene ngeenxa zonke. Oku kwanika ithuba kuvela, leyo zange ajike uthathe ithuba Arthur Schopenhauer. Philosophy ngokufutshane ukwazi ukwamkeleka amazwi aphoristic kunye namabhunga, eziye bawile umphefumlo nabo. Ukupapashwa kwale ncwadi iye yazisa udumo nozuko, kuse sobulumko, awathi yena waphupha.
udumo emva kwexesha
Ngoku Shopengauer Artur inokuba anelisekile Isiphelo sakhe. indlu yakhe izele, wenza yonke kusiyiwa ukuya kwiindawo abahlala kuzo. Iiyunivesithi ufunde iintetho kwi intanda yakhe, kwakukho abafundi zobuqu. Ngowe-1854, Wagner wamthumela tetralogy yakhe edumileyo "The Ring of the Nibelung" autographed ngulo umqondiso biographers ingqalelo kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo.
Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, kuza kwakhona woSuku "ihlabathi njengoko ukuthanda kunye yokuziphatha", yaye kamva ngonyaka iprintwe kwakhona amanqaku bakhe, izincoko kunye aphorisms. Kodwa ke umbhali kuye sizibone. Inyumoniya wamfumana ngakuye ngephanyazo ngesiquphe, September 21, 1860 wafa Arthur Schopenhauer. biography elifutshane, eyapapashwa kamva, wakwazi ukudlulisela inyaniso amazwi akhe ngayo sobulumko kade: ". kwelanga yobomi bam baba isifingo uzuko lwam"
ifilosofi ophambene zaye zasasazeka kakhulu kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. ke ngeli xesha ukuthanda lifikile ukuba kuthetha lukhulu kubantu, nabasindileyo umlilo wotshintsho. Ngokwala postulates, ukubandezeleka - kulungile, nokwaneliseka - ububi. I ukuchaza kwintanda-ndawo nje: ukunganeliseki kuphela ivumela ukuba uzive ngakumbi wayibona iimfuno neminqweno yabo. Xa kukho imfuneko kwenziwe, ngoko ukubandezeleka liyalahleka hayi kangangexesha elithile, kodwa aninako uyisuse ngokusisigxina, yaye ngoko ke ubomi - uthotho ukubandezeleka ukusuka ekuzalweni ukuya ekufeni. Kwaye isiphelo kuyo yonke le mbono yentanda lwe Schopenhauer ithi ukuba kwihlabathi elinje, kubhetele ukuba azalwe. Oko kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kwi zengqondo kunye neembono zembali iziganeko abantu ezifana Fridrih Nitsshe, uSigmund Freud, uCarl Jung, Albert Einstein kunye Leo Tolstoy. Ngamnye kwaba bantu indlela enye okanye omnye nempembelelo ekuphuhliseni uluntu, batshintsha ngokoluvo ababephila ngexesha lakhe ngokuphathelele ubomi kufuneka ibe yintoni. Kwaye konke oku kwenzekile ukuba wayengazange yanto undilibele ebutsheni bakhe Arthur Schopenhauer.