Graben - it ... Yintoni grabens, kwaye akhiwa ngayo

Kweli nqaku Makhe sihlolisise umbuzo onxulumene ngendalo. Yintoni rob kwaye akhiwa njani? Kwakhona, ebheka phambili, ahlawule ingqalelo umahluko le graben - a uHorst.

Yintoni graben

Graben - a unokukhawuleza inxalenye kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, leyo kwamiswa ngenxa fault ziitectonic plates kwaye umi phakathi izabelo avuswe.

Grabens kaninzi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba imikhosi eqine ngokujikeleze le mimandla umhlaba avuswe. Phantsi yesenzo ukunqamka lomhlaba lwenzeka kunye namaqonga dip rock.

Kunye kungqameko graben kubonakala oorhec iindawo, apho akhiwa beqokelela iintlobo ezintsha, zibizwa ngokuba "kwamaphiko graben."

Ubude unako ukufikelela emashumini ezimbalwa okanye amakhulu yeekhilomitha - ububanzi. Le grabens kakhulu lwaziwayo-yaziwa kakuhle eMpuma Afrika. Bona ibekwe ecaleni amachibi eTanganyika, Victoria, Nyansa. Ngo-Russia, i graben inkulu - kuba Barguzin isitya, isitya of Lake zamanzi.

Xa graben inkqubo yethu wezijikelezi-langa ezinkulu - Valles Marineris, elise Mars. Isizathu Imfundo - mlilo.

Yintoni a uHorst

UHorst - nto ukuziqinisa kwi iimpazamo ibhloko noqweqwe, ukuyilwa ngenxa yeentshukumo ziitectonic plates.

Relative kumphezulu iintlobo ezintathu uHorst:

1. Uthambekele - komhlaba kwindawo yonke into itsheke kwicala elinye.
2. Esime - kukho stepwise valiweyo phantsi.
3. Unilateral - ukulungisa iziphene okanye iziphene zenzeka kwicala elinye kuphela.

UHorst badla zidibene ukwenza iintaba kunye ezincotsheni flat. Ubude ngokuqhelekileyo ufikelela makhulu, yaye ububanzi - amashumi khilomitha, ukuphakama - iwaka ezimbalwa leemitha. Imizekelo ezicacileyo na uHorst intaba uluhlu e Spain Sierra Nevada ntaba uluhlu-ntshona eJamani, iBlack Forest.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala elithi "uHorst" yaqaliswa zululwazi zomhlaba ngo-1873 yi Austria Edward Suess. Ukuthetha ngamazwi akhe, graben - umngxuma, uHorst - induli.

kudaleka

Rift - linear ukudandatheka enkulu tyaba kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iseti misinga, yomxhaso indawo enkulu yommandla.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini kweendawo ingxabano - yolwandle nezelizwekazi.

Isiphumo yokuqala ukusuka sesichengeni watyhida daka sivela ezinzulwini Earth emgangathweni wolwandle. Daka phantsi koxinzelelo utyhala avezwa iipleyiti lithospheric, ngenxa yale nkqubo abunjwe uqweqwe oselula yolwandle.

imimandla ingxabano Continental akhiwa ngokuvusa lukhuphe kumphezulu (ingubo eshushu), kwaye umsebenzi mlilo kwenzeka hedge, bazolulela kule uqweqwe lizwekazi. bano enjalo ukuba ukhokelele ekubeni kusekwe olwandle entsha. I-East African nkqubo Rift, oko kukuthi kummandla Afar, kwezinye iindawo kwakhiwa uqweqwe yolwandle usemncane.

Bano, nto leyo ethintela kuphuhliso kwaye yaba elwandle, ebizwa aulacogens. Ngesiqhelo, kwiindawo ezinjalo wabumba iidipozithi lwezixhobo zendalo. Umzekelo, Devonian IDonetsk aphambuke yeyona yamalahle ezinkulu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuhlanganiswa uHorst-graben - a aulacogene.