Gaz-46: Ukucacisa kunye nenkcazo

Gorky Automobile Plant luvelise ezininzi iimoto kokuzifaneleyo memory of ngezizukulwana. Umdla baba imodeli isiseko, kwaye zisekelwe phezu kwabo umatshini ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. umnxeba Exotic ekhutshwe ngokusekelwe ndingaz-69 engibaziyo ndingaz-46 "zamasele".

imvelaphi ye

Amava Second World War yabonisa amandla kunye nobuthathaka kwezixhobo eSoviet emkhosini, kwakunye izikhewu indalo yayo. Incopho imoto wayengekho emkhosini.

Ifunyenwe phantsi uboleke-kokuqeshiselwa-wheel ezine-drive Ford uTsvangirai zamasele kunye neelori enamavili ezintandathu DUKW lula ekudibaneni esemlanjeni eMpuma Yurophu ngexesha imikhosi sovestskih yosizi Germany yamaNazi.

Kakade ke, le ndlela iye athathiweyo kwi inowuthi, yaye ngoko nangoko emva kwemfazwe kwisicwangciso ixesha elide kwakhona kunye nezinye babequka umkhweli nabemithwalo Gators.

Banomdla emotweni umphathi-mkhosi lowo ayisindi ekwaziyo ekunyuseni imiqobo zamanzi kunye lihamba iqela efanayo kunye nezithuthi vehicles.

Umthwalo DUKW waba kwase wokuqala ZIS-485 - zasemanzini imoto enkulu (BAS). Togu lencopho SUV Ford uTsvangirai yaba phezu kwexesha, i-Gaz-46 imoto of Mauritius Small natatorial.

History of the imoto ezidadayo

Emkhosini baba nomdla kakhulu kule hlobo yobuchwepheshe sele kwi-1948 Research Engine Institute (Nami) sele uqalile egameni neBhunga laBaphathiswa kunye Ministry of imoto kunye noshishino itrekta eziphila zophuhliso esekelwe SUV iqonga kakuhle ndingaz-67. The terms of reference ekhankanywe malunga nobuchwepheshe, eyenzelwe izithuthi ngokuthi umhlaba kunye nabasebenzi ulwandle kunye ngabom amaqela abantu abathandathu okanye 500 kg imithwalo, ethwele phezu ezirhuqwayo ukukhanya amanzi, pontoons kunye nezinye izibonelelo ezidadayo ezisetyenziswa amabutho zobunjineli.

Neendlela zokuqala ngokuba Nami-011, wegqitha iimvavanyo lwamaSebe and ekucetyiswa ukuba senziwe abaphumi-mkhosi, nangona ukuba uyilo leyo ekrwada.

Ukuveliswa emanzini wabekwa Gorky. iingcali zezityalo wenza utshintsho ezininzi kuyilo, ukuphucula ukusebenza matshini, kangangoko ubuchwephetshe bokuba i-Gaz-67.

Ukususela ngowe-1951 ukuya 1953, nebhetshi yokuqala ngentsimbi ukungenela umkhosi ebizwa ngokuba ndingaz-011 kwaye ngoko walungiselela emkhosini ukuba kwakukho nobunzima kakhulu ekuphuhliseni nasekusetyenzisweni eziphuculweyo imoto ndingaz-46, nto leyo kwazithathela ingqalelo izimvo ukuya imodeli yangaphambili zisuswe uninzi amaphutha ayo.

Trailed ngamayelenqe kakhulu, iintloko eziphaphazelayo, batshintsha ubunkokheli, kodwa ekugqibeleni, imoto entsha esekelwe phezu mihla ngakumbi ndingaz-69 wakhululwa.

Ngelishwa, yavelisa emanzini elide phambi kokuphela baloo mashumi angamahlanu, ngokuba emashumini okuqala kwemfazwe, iye yatshintsha iteknoloji kuphela kodwa iqhinga imfazwe, kunye Gators ukukhanya engeyomfuneko. Ukongeza, isiseko imveliso ndingaz-69 lwadluliselwa Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant, apho kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba bavelise izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini ngenxa yezizathu zokusebenza kuphela.

inkcazelo emanzini

oomatshini zasemanzini ukubagcina zinika izindlu sentsimbi welding phezu isakhelo lweeprofayile ebhokisini. Isisu semoto transmission zazivela ndingaz-69, yaye injini - ukusuka emotweni "Pobeda" ndingaz-M20.

Ityala transfer yaba umngxuma eyongezelelweyo bendiza kunye iincakuba ezintathu, bakhuselwe umonakalo ngezantsi arc enamandla. Bayotywe ezihamba ezifakwe kumhlathi ivili lokuqhuba uyidibanise kwi ivili amanzi, nto leyo ibekwa kwindawo jet amanzi owadalwa yi Screw.

kwaba lula ukwehlisa a xi encinane ukuphucula lukangxabalaza uneentlenga namageduka yaseTire, ngaphandle kokoyika ukuba amavili hit amanzi. Zonke iingcingo lakhiwa ngokusebenzisa izihlanganisi zombane etywiniweyo, akuyomfuneko ukhuselo extra kunye nomphathi wendlela, kuba itywiniwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ezifakwe ukukhanya kwideshbhodi isilumkiso ukulawula ukungena kwamanzi emboniselweni. Kwi foredeck ndingaz-46 yayifumana muffler kunye tailpipe. Noko ke, ingxolo evela muffler waba namandla kangangokuba imoto wayibhenca. On the enye kumgangatho ibekwe kwitanki entanyeni isaphetha ngesandla, ngamanye amazwi xa kuyimfuneko ukuba imane itanki yamafutha kunokuba ngqo phezu kwamanzi.

imoto lencopho Housing

Housing Gaz uhlobo 46 isikhitshane kuyilwa ngaphandle windows, yahlulwe kwiindawo ezintathu ngeendonga ezinqamlezayo. Eli gumbi isaphetha le gumbi injini-transmission. Eli gumbi engundlunkulu yalila moya kunye abakhweli ngasemva ke gumbi imithwalo.

Empumlweni shintsho ibekwe of esityeni xaka nto leyo kuvuswa phambi kokuba bangene emanzini. Singabi "ungamngcwabi" impumlo zizikhumba, ukhusela umoya ukutya uzipholisa imoto kunye gumbi esembindini ukusuka emanzini.

Ifunyanwa phakathi izibane for mooring bollard zamasele phezu kwamanzi kunye capstan ngenxa ukuhlangulwa isefu.

Ngaphandle umzimba, ngokobuzwe imvelaphi inyuselwa khona absorbers kukothuka. Iqonga eliphezulu angasemva eDibanisa ivili lolaleliso.

Cab ndingaz-46

uyilo endlwaneni, ukuba kule meko ke inkcazelo efanelekileyo phezulu kangako ezilula spartan njengoko zamasele lwalwenziwe phezu imiyalelo emkhosini. Intuthuzelo nokuba crew okanye abakhweli akazange enikiweyo. Yaye jikelele, kwaba sokubhalisa i imoto ndingaz-46, kunokuba ngathi iphenyane. Iqela lenjongo Isixhobo belibolekiwe ngokupheleleyo ndingaz-69. zokuxhathisa Transmission ekunene yomqhubi. Izibiyeli imilo engaqhelekanga kwaye ihamba basondele omnye komnye ukuze kube encinanana imingxunya kunokwenzeka zeteknoloji apho amanzi angene emboniselweni. ifreyim ifestile ibekwe ukwesona eli gumbi umkhweli zinokugutyungelwa tarpaulin.

I Umqolo phambi lezihlalo iquka izihlalo ezimbini; ngokuba ngqwayi kunye nomqhubi. Emva kwabo efakwe kwibhentshi ezintathu ngaphandle uhlengahlengiso.

Xa arundhati lula yesondlo sisihluzo amafutha.

injini emanzini

Gorky wayedla ndingaz-46 iinjini usapho olunye, akhutshwa kwi-mveliso emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Bathi ipetroli (amafutha zingasetyenziswa nokuba ezinenani octane 66), elaphiliswayo inxeba lalo ezine Otto, kukho umthamo 2.1 iilitha.

Iinjini 20 no M-GAS-69 twatse kubume kunye nemilinganiselo jikelele. Gaz-69 kunye nomthamo neelitha 55. s., kuba zasemanzini umatshini sifaneleke ngakumbi kuba nee-ovahedi kupholile ioli, engadingi ukuvuthela umoya ngesantya eziphakamileyo, leyo akunakuphepheka xa uhambisa emanzini.

amandla injini with "Win", oko kukuthi isiseko, hayi kakhulu ephantsi - iilitha 52. a.

Ngenxa yokuba injini yokungena umoya kunyiniwe, kubananisi ubushushu kumanzi okupholisa beesekethe banikwa ukususela kwasekuqaleni uzipholisa le mveliso.

Iqela M20 le iinjini yokubala kangaka banxibe-ukumelana, solo ukusebenza koomatshini abadala. Kulula ukuba ukukhathalela, ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa, kodwa nantsi indawo ukuba efakiweyo bay exineneyo, zinzulu kwenza isidima imperceptible kwi ndingaz-46.

transmission emanzini

Vehicle mayixhotyiswe nqanaba ezintathu-transmission manual kunye ngokulinganayo ezintathu transmission Gears 3,115, 1,772 no 1.0, ngokulandelelanayo, yaye emva - 3.738. case Transfer - ezimbini-eqongeni, kunye ngawona gear we 1.15 no 2,78. Gear ratio kugqithiso etsobhileyo eziphambili kunye nezinyo helical - 5.125, kwi indlela eququzelelayo, nto leyo umbungu globoid kunye mqengqeleki kabini - 18.2.

Bamba - plate owomileyo enye. Chocks, umsebenzi - kuzo zonke amavili amane kunye drive ngamanzi ukusuka iiphedali, zokupaka - yokudlulisa incwadi esisikhokelo ngoomatshini drive.

iimpawu zobugcisa imoto ndingaz-46

ulwazi jikelele off-endleleni:

- inani iindawo: 5 okanye 2 + 500 kg;

- ubunzima: iitoni 1,85 ngaphandle impahla;

- zebanga ubude × ngobubanzi × ukuphakama (ukwesona i): 5,06 × 1,735 × 2,04 m;

- WI: 2,3 m;

- ukucoca emhlabeni phantsi asi (umthwalo opheleleyo): 210 mm;

- ukuvula radius kwi nxalenye oluvelayo - 6.5 m.

Oluya Gaz 46 unalo ngesantya esiphezulu-90 km / h, avareji - 48 km / h, ngokuba amanzi - 9 km / ngeyure.

amafutha Highway iilitha 17 kwi-100 km, xa ehamba emanzini efunekayo ipetroli iilitha 16.5 ngeyure kumandla reserve komhlaba - 500 km, wasiyeka - Iiyure ezi-6. Ukoyisa izisele isithuthi akakwazi, kwithambeka ifumaneke kuye - 60%.

ubomi obutsha emanzini ezindala

Kuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane sele idlule ukususela ukukhutshwa koomatshini yakutshanje, umhlwa-inkoliso kuphela kwabo bangenazimvo zihoyiweyo iiyunithi zomkhosi yeemoto baya ezilahliweyo, kodwa ngenxa iifeni retromobiles ezinye ubomi obutsha wanikwa.

uluvo yanamhlanje ithi ubuhle umzimba kunye nokhuseleko wayo. Kunjalo, ngokululama kwayo kuthatha ixesha elincinane kunye nomgudu. Kodwa injini latshintshelwa onamandla ngakumbi i "iVolga" GAS 24/31. 46th ndingaz kunye umthwalo ubunzima ngaphezu kweetoni ezimbini ezinesiqingatha, kwaye injini M20 kuba kucingwa buthathaka. Noko ke, ukuze kuphole injini yepetroli mihla luswele umoya efanayo emboniselweni, isebenza kakuhle kwiimeko ezinjalo i-diesel. Shiya iingcali lweenkobe transmission manual, razdatku, ujije, iibhulorho, capstan, nempompo ngokuba amanzi afakwe kunye zombane (!). Nangona iibhulorho ngaphandle evalela i abaqhubi ngoku ningaqiqi, ukutshintsha phezu emkhosini. Amavili, mhlawumbi ngoku engabafumananga, ngoko wabeka i "isihlobo" - UAZ.

zamasele phesheya

Fans of iimoto ezidadayo baye ehlabathini lonke. Umzekelo okuphawuleka lo mcimbi efunekayo-Trarbach (Germany) ngo-Agasti 2014, xa umlambo Moselle abanini zamasele bahlanganisana kwizithuthi zabo. Ayekholelwa imiboniso kunye ezindleleni, kunye ukwehla umlambo.

Ngexesha iveki yathatha le holide imibhiyozo kunye ingcamango zobugcisa. Kwaba khona ziimoto malunga ezingamashumi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka emanzini ekhaya-eyenziwe ezizodwa.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba uninzi akuzanga ezidadayo lemoto Ford uTsvangirai (kwakukho elinesine), nto leyo saba kwase kuba ndingaz-46. Photo iyakungqina oku ulwalamano nanamhlanje. Emantloko picture Ford, kwaye ngezantsi lencopho Russian lemoto (kwakukho ezintlanu kwintlanganiso). Hi ndlela leyi, kwakuyi iilori DUKW kunye Porsche Schwimmwagens, bathatha inxaxheba umkhosi Second World War Wehrmacht.

models emanzini

Gaz-46 wawongwa phantsi inombolo 100 ukuba bangene ukuqokelelwa nemifuziselo Russian lowu yesayensi neyokufundisa malunga iimoto eSoviet "Avtolegendy USSR." Le ncwadi lunikezelwa imodeli mnye, ishicilelwa kabini ngenyanga yaye abandakanywa Okuqhotyoshelwe apha yikopi imoto umqokeleli, enziwe isikali 1: inkampani Italian DeAgostini 43 e-China. Le print run kwathiwa iikopi 120,000. umatshini Dark eliluhlaza kwisikali iinkcukacha ezaneleyo ezifana ezihambe ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa iingcali zithi ukuba amavili azikho ekhaya imodeli, kwaye usona ukubonakala ententeni. Le modeli yaphulwe phantsi izabelo ezine: umzimba, ingaphakathi, ezantsi nentente kakhulu ezingabonakaliyo.

Wenza imodeli nasemanzini ngokwesikali enye kwi workshop "phambene Ukhozi" e Yekaterinburg, hayi eluhlaza kuphela, kodwa imibala zokuhombisa ngakumbi, ezifana eluhlaza okanye ebomvu.

Gaz-46 ezenzelwe ukuthengiswa kude kube sekupheleni kuka-1958 yaye akukho uguqulelo kancinane, wahlala kwinkonzo iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, nangona nje iinqwelo kwesimo sele isetyenziswe BRDM. Izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini e isikhitshane inkonzo regiments ibhulorho kunye lithwele ithathele indize hayi kuphela eSoviet Union, kodwa amazwe Warsaw Pact. Akwaziwa iimoto ezininzi kangakanani lisekhondweni namhlanje, kodwa ke, abanini onenkathalo kakuhle baphathe ekulobeni okanye ukuzingela yaye ndaba yekratshi ezisemthethweni, inxaxheba imiboniso nezixhobo ezizodwa.