Gaudí: impilo kunye nomsebenzi

Gaudi wazalwa ngo-1852, ngoJuni 25. Wasweleka ngowe-1926, ngomhla we-10 Juni. Antoni Gaudí wazalwa e Reus, kwintsapho yamahlwempu. Esi sixeko ibekwe 150 km ukusuka Barcelona. Lo mntwana wabhaptizwa e Reus, xa Cathedral yaseSt uPetros, ngosuku olulandelayo. Imbeko Antonia, unina wakhe, yena igama womzobi elizayo Gaudi. umsebenzi wakhe kunye nolwazi olufutshane buqu ziya kwenziwa kweli nqaku.

Antonio unamandla ngaphezu kokufa

Abazali boyika ukuba umntwana akayi kusinda. Kwaba ukhulelwe kakhulu nomama wakhe, ukuzala - nzima. Ngaphambi nje kokuba yokuzalwa kwabazali Antonio wenza isijwili ngenxa amatakane amabini. Ngandlel 'ithile, le ntsapho, bonke abantwana bafa ekuseni kakhulu. Le nkwenkwe kanye yeva kwincoko nomntwana, umfundisi abazali babo. Yena kwangaphambili Antonio zezigulane ukuba uza kufa. Noko ke, Antonio Gaudi wagqiba ukusinda. Kwaye waphumelela, nangona ubomi bakhe bonke utyiwa isifo. Wakhangela kweminyaka engama-30 kabini oontanga babo, umntu owalupheleyo endala - mahlanu. Antonio wayesazi ukuba nje yasinda.

Childhood Antonio Gaudi

yaye uyise womntwana lowo, nomkhulu ngensimbi. Enye uyisemkhulu unina wakhe yaba Cooper, kwaye eyesibini - nomatiloshe. Le Antonio wamchazela amandla akhe va ukucinga ezinemilinganiselo emithathu. Waba bachithe iiyure njengoko umntwana ebukele njengoko amanzi namafu esijingayo. Antonio wayefuna ukwazi ukwenza njani isithsaba amagqabi, intyantyambo ezifana lisila ngayo amanzi ilitye, kutheni umthi owayo umoya. Emva koko wasondela workshop kayise. It nezimanga kwenziwa yonke imihla: izikhongozeli ecwebezelayo ezifunyenwe sheets zobhedu flat. Antonio ukususela 1863 ukuya 1868 wafunda esikolweni, nto leyo aguqulwa ikholeji yamaKatolika. Umfundi olungileyo; yena wayengekho. Geometry - into kuphela waphawulwa. Antonio Sasikuthanda yayisondela. Wayemthanda kunye nabahlobo ukuze bahlole maxe- ezikufutshane alapho.

Gaudi xa wayeselula

Ngowe-1878 waphumelela Gaudi bokwakha esikolweni Barcelona yePhondo.

Kwiminyaka bakhe omncinane, uAntonio waba neyo kunye neyo, umthandi cylinder silika abamnyama neeglavu kid. Kwakufuneka iinwele ezibomvu namehlo aluhlaza. abafazi abaninzi ukuyithanda Gaudi, kodwa yena yedwa. Yena Ndandithandana ixesha elide Pepetoy elwandle, utitshala, kodwa yena waphendula emtshatweni isindululo wala, ngenxa yokuba alwe. Ke Gaudi ngokufutshane wadibana American, kodwa yena wabuyela ekhaya, yaye indlela ababehamba ngayo. Antonio wabona oku luphawu lwekamva: kufuneka ibe nye. Lidini ngenjongo ephakamileyo.

Imikhondo Gaudi e Reus

Yinto engenamsebenzi ukuba ukujonga namhlanje e Reus ukulanda umkhondo of Gaudi. Uya kufumana kuphela uhlobo olufanayo amacwecwe zibethelelwe kwizakhiwo ofisi, besithi le ndawo kanye ikhaya ... Ingaba ukuba umoya kwesi sixeko samandulo ufanelwe ingqalelo: zokuhlala uhlaza yobuciko, Gothic Sant Pere, imitha-40 intsimbi nenqaba yayo . Master likwazile lokuyivelisa phantse kanye ezijikeleze ngezinyuko intsimbi inqaba kwi Cathedral le Sagrada Familia. Le ifoto ingezantsi ibonisa indlu apho sasihlala Gaudi e Reus.

Gaudí

Umbhali izakhiwo elinesibhozo yi womzobi Gaudi. Bonke bephela ku Spain: 14 - in nase- wakhe, 12 kuwo - in Barcelona. iintsomi Zephyr kunye neentsomi iyimiba nganye kwezi zinto azidalileyo. amakhaya bakhe iiphazili. Kubonakala ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuchaza intsingiselo yalo ifihliwe.

iisayithi ezininzi bobugcisa kwisixeko Barcelona ezenziwe Gaudi. Kwihlabathi akukho eninzi nabayili eye yaba negalelo elikhulu enjalo phezu yimbonakalo isixeko okanye qamba inkcubeko into yaso ezibalule-. Gaudi yeyona wezakhiwo edume Spanish. umsebenzi wakhe kwaphawula zebhola of modernity kweli lizwe. A phawu uphawu indlela Gaudi kukuba, iimilo zendalo eziphilayo (izilwanyana, amatye, imithi, amafu) baba ngumthombo neminqweno bobugcisa umbhali. Antonio ayengathandi izithuba geometrically rhoqo avalelwe. Wayekholelwa ukuba umgca othe ngqo yimveliso woMntu. Kodwa ke isangqa - Siyinzala kaThixo. Antonio Gaudi wathi imfazwe umgca ngqo ukwenza nendlela yabo, nto leyo lula ukuluqonda nokuba ngabantu kude zisuswe zibukeke.

Gaudi kunye namagunya kamasipala

Kunye kwihlazo waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe Antonio. oneminyaka engama-26 ubudala umyili Gaudi babefuna imali, nto leyo ke, ngokutsho abasemagunyeni Barcelona inkulu kakhulu. Namhlanje, i Royal Square into zinokuhonjiswa nesigcina ezinamaphiko Mercury kunye nezibane omkhulu, sungula yi womzobi kwabasaqalayo. Okokuqala wenza ukuze Gaudi kamasipala yaba wokugqibela. Ngaphezulu kunakuqala amandla Barcelona akazange enze naliphi na umsebenzi kule inkosi.

Casa Calvet

kweminyaka Kuphela-20 kamva wezakhiwo Gaudi yaba nebhaso kuphela esemthethweni kwincwadi engobomi bakhe ethi - ibhaso ngenxa olungaphambili nandawo umzi, leyo ukwenziwa ngenxa Calvet usapho, ababawa namalaphu. Hayi ngaphandle highlights kwenziwa umsebenzi, kodwa Casa Calvet, ngeranti ephantsi-isitshixo, yindlela egadeni Antonio Gaudi.

Casa Vicens

Master trust kwiiklayenti zabucala. Gaudí (umyili) kunye nendlu yakhe ziye wathola nokunakana bomhla. Don montaner, umvelisi, ngo-1883, yayalela ukuba ikhaya zasehlotyeni. Lomhleli Antonio Gaudi, ezincina kwindawo yokuqala yokwakha elizayo, ngoxa ihlomela wafumanisa iintyatyambo etyheli engqongwe imithi enkulu yesundu. Walondoloza kunye nezityalo, kunye nemithi. Palm amagqabi kwabalelwa ipateni kwenqwanqwa, kwaye iintyatyambo zibonakala kwi tile nayo. Bathi kukuba ukuhlawula ukuyila Antonio Gaudi, umthengi phantse waya ephule. Namhlanje, Casa Vicens i ibhotwe encinane, ngokungathi ukusuka nentsomi Oriental. Oku ngokusondeleyo licinezelwe nxamnye izindlu. Khangela ubambelele esitratweni elikufutshane kuphela uqoqo. Ishiyiwe bangaliboni zamafu, awukwazi ukuya ngaphakathi, kuba siyipropati yabucala.

A nomvakalelo womoya onamandla kwi barselontsev wenza bt ezinkulu. E Gaudi, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kukho umxhasi, ogama Don Eusebio Guell. Le ndoda incasa Labuya. Wayebathanda imifuniselo yingozi. engqondweni yakhe banyanzelise Guell, eyasayinwa ngaphandle befuna iingqikelelo. Lomhleli Antonio Gaudi ngcembe waba ngumhlobo usapho kunye umakhi Güell.

Güell Palace

Eusebio kudala ndiphupha indlu umsebenzi omhle. Lo msebenzi Gaudi abanyamezela ngokunamathelene-. Lomhleli ndazikhamela kungena indawo emxinwa (kuphela-18 ukuya ku-22 eemitha) nendlu entle, ngexesha elifanayo embhoxo ibhotwe yelo kunye mosque. ngaphakathi ngephambili efihliweyo emva marble sibonakala izimvi sakhiwo. Imali ukuba ugqibile basindiswa: Rosewood, umthi omnyama, amazinyo endlovu, ufudo iqokobhe. Enye amagumbi ofulelwe beech, omnye - zomgamtriya. Of isilivere negolide eqingqiweyo iisilingi ezenziwe ngamagqabi. Gaudi wayelapha okwesihlandlo sokuqala awayiphethulela ngayo imibhobho ofaka lophahla kunye iiglasi emi amatye egadini.

Park Güell

Gaudi and Guell iphupha yaba igadi Bald Intaba. Babefuna a villa labucala, ibekwe apha egxile ngobunono. Around amafa amalungiselelo ecaleni kujikelezo imisele yamanzi, nemiqolomba, imithombo yamanzi, gazebos, iipavumente, mall. Le projekthi ayiphumelelanga ngokorhwebo. Kuphela 2 wesahlulo 60 wokuthengiswa. Ndandingafuni do abantu abaphilayo kude emzini imida. Barselontsy Namhlanje, Kakade ke, bekuya kuba ikuvumile ukukhetha indawo.

Isipringi ifuze ubeko lwe epakini. YeNyoka phezulu yonyawo kokwenyuka ezinyukweni amqengqelezi iindlela jiko. Park Guell ngoku - hayi nje i uvuyo emehlweni umphefumlo, kodwa kumnandi kukukhanya;, ubemde kwenkungu edibene nomsi amanqanaba. umoya ococekileyo kunye Ashera namasundu kuyimfuneko kangaka abahlala mzi! Swimming pool kunye nenamba kunye inyoka - i fondini yokuzonwabisa oyithandayo. Ke lowo isigqibo ukuya phezulu, umvuzo uya kufumana uzibona kakuhle elwandle ne Barcelona.

isiko Favorite wayehleli kwisitulo-inyoka. Ngokutsho memoirs zekontraki, Gaudi wayalela abasebenzi ukuba ususe zonke iimpahla nendlela elula, ungenza kuhlala umaleko entsha ngodaka ukuze ufumane ifomu isihlalo ogqibeleleyo. Kuphela indlela yokuqala ezisebenzayo iseramikhi ovame limenyezelayo kubonakala random. Uthotho amanani, umfanekiso edityanisiweyo, imizobo twisisaka, imiyalezo ifihliwe, iimpawu twisisaka, kugxothwe athe saa lonke ubude kwibhentshi. Kukho amabali amaninzi malunga nendlela abantu ababehleli kuyo ngesiquphe baqalisa ukwahlula wema ngaphandle imihla, amagama, amagama, imithandazo, ukubhala ...

impilo Further Gaudi

Lomhleli eminyakeni 50 ayitshintshi ubulolo yakhe, yaba ngaphezu zonqulo. Antonio wafudukela Park Guell of Barcelona, kude ephithizelayo yase mzi. Abantu iinkosi besoyika kwaye akuhloniphe. It ivaliwe, ome, elibukhali. Akukho Okuseleyo panache yangaphambili Gaudi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - lula: isuti shapeless, izihlangu isiko ezenziwe neengcambu squash. Gaudi sithobela zonke izithuba. Nokutya - imifuno ekrwada, amandongomane, namafutha omnquma, isonka zobusi emthonjeni wamanzi.

Uthe phakathi umsebenzi oza kusebenza ukususela ngoku kuphela odolo zonqulo. Ke ukuba iprojekthi wempangelo kucetywa, kuqala libuza imvume lo msebenzi kwi Madonna Montserrat.

Casa Batllo

Gaudi ekwindla ka-1904 wathabatha ukuba bayakhe nandawo Kasanovasa, textile magnate. Akumangalisi kwekota apho kwakukho indlu, igama elithi i "ukhozo ingxabano". Kwenye patch kwesitrato Gracia eme izakhiwo babekunye kakhulu labazobi edume of nase- - uhlobo kuluhlu obunazo amabango. Kungcono ukuba kuza kusasa, xa imitha yelanga kuwa phezu olungaphambili kwaye wayifulela "ezikalini intlanzi", wamgalela zonke iintlobo imibala. Kwakungekho iikona, akukho ezinemiphetho okanye imigca ethe ngqo. iindonga egobile, ngokungathi eso silo sikhulu saselwandle engaziwayo idlala phantsi kwesikhumba, imisipha akhande. Indlu amathambo ebizwa abemi Casa Batllo. Kule kukho into: balcony, imiqolo kunye ukakayi-namathambo - izidumbu amaxhoba igongqongqo. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba sele ndiphindezele - nenqaba kunye emnqamlezweni eliphakamayo ngaphezu uphahla. Le St. George ke ongcwele umxhasi nase-, ephakamisa ikrele lakhe. Esiyintsika wenamba boyiswa yi kummango egosogoso wona aqoqiwe uphahla.

Casa Mila

imizuzu elishumi ukusuka kwisakhiwo - yaye uya kufika Casa Mila. Gaudi kwakhona yaphulwe isibhambathiso sakhe; yena waqala uyile indlu kwindlu enkulu zonke iinkonzo: igaraji, amanzi ashushu. Umakhi wahlela nokuba wenze kummango oya emnyango kubalimi kwigumbi ifika ngqo kwi imoto. Oku ngqwabalala xa kuthelekiswa Casa Batllo ubunzima ekhula ngqo emhlabeni, ngathi oligorha webaobab ubudala okanye iphelelwa lava mlilo, okanye kwenye imo nasemaweni, okanye amathambo abafileyo umkhombe ...

Kwaye lo barselontsy sakhiwo wawongwa iintlobo lweziqhulo - "Nest imvakalelo yokudakumba kaThixo", "nursery iinyoka," "amaxhoba inyikima", "ingozi kaloliwe" kunye nabanye. "La Pedrera" (translation - wokumbiwa) bahlala naye. Phezu kophahla - neengqameko, izinyuko, nelamaxandeka, iilifti. Ngoku ukuqeshisa yokuhlala e La Pedrera. Ezi zokuhlala ezi zokuba kwaye bekhululekile, kodwa ke kuya kufuneka unyamezele ukuhamba nokusingelwa abakhenkethi abaninzi.

Ngokuba isiqingatha senkulungwane lomsebenzi owenziweyo imiyalelo 75 womzobi Gaudi. Iifoto eminye imisebenzi yakhe thaca kweli nqaku. Njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka bokwakha, ezinye zazo yatshati phambili ngakumbi, kodwa umphandle yingqondi. Omnye wabo - iprojekthi hotel zibalaseleyo New York - imitha-300 "Hotel Temple", nto leyo kuthwalelwa phandle umntu omkhulu Gaudi - lomhleli.

Sagrada Familia

Casa Mila - umyalelo wokugqibela mikhulu Gaudi. injongo yakhe kuphela ngo-1910 yaba Sagrada Familia, okanye - i Sagrada Familia. Antonio sasibizwa wangcwatywa apha, xa indlwana encinane komhlaba.

Njengabo bonke ubomi baphila ngokomakhi Antonio Gaudi, i Sagrada Familia Temple izele iimpawu ezicacileyo ezifihlakeleyo. 12 neenqaba azinikele abapostile. Uphawu yombingelelo uMsindisi na iziko, kunye emnqamlezweni. Ingaphakathi - Supplies: column - Platanus oko komboko, ganging isithsaba leyo ibe nkundla. Kulo kubonakala iinkwenkwezi ebusuku. Isakhiwo yenzelwe ukuze wavakalisa intsimbi, ngathi ilungu ezukileyo, yaye umoya wacula, acandacanda imingxuma ezinde, ngathi ekungqungqeni. Kukho nezihlalo abanquli-30,000.

Umsebenzi ukudalwa kwetempile yaqala ngo-1882. Ekhokelwa yabo yokuqala abayili De Vilar kunye Martorell. Gaudí kaThixo Sagrada Familia waqalisa ukuba bayile kwaye ukwakha ngo-1891. Waligcina ababengaphambi isicwangciso, kodwa wenza utshintsho.

Indlu, ngokutsho Gaudi, kwakumele ukuba nje lo wokuzalwa kukaKristu, nto leyo efuziselwa izimpi ezintathu. IKrismesi luzinikele empumalanga, emazantsi - ngeCawa, Western - angathabatheki kaKristu.

indlu Umfanekiso

Tibusiso Umfanekiso uphawu tower netempile nezinyuko. Real AMAGQABAZA ▸ yonke abalinganiswa kuboniswe emva kodonga Yokuzalwa: umzukulwana yokusebenza - i umntwana uYesu, umgcini lotywala - uYuda elingqingqwa goatherd - koPontiyo Pilato, eyinzwana plasterer - uKumkani uDavide. A umthengisi junk yasekuhlaleni waboleka iesile. Gaudí waya yeqonga yokwakheka, ukutyabeka wadubula ityhidiwe abantwana mbilini ngenxa abamsulwa ndawo. izihlandlo ezilishumi wakhulela esehlisa imikrolo nganye, ilitye nganye phambi kokuba ndabamisa kwindawo.

Lonke elo xesha wezakhiwo Gaudi, ogama engobomi ichazwa ngokufutshane, into ebuhlungu ukucinga ngaphandle, lingatshitshi, okwenza-up, zaveza. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba inkqubo inde kangaka. Master ngo-1886, wathi ngokuzithemba ukuba Cathedral bazakugqiba ngowa kweminyaka eli-10, kodwa emva koko ngakumbi yaye ngokufuthi ngakumbi inzala yabo xa bethelekiswa nabona kwiicawa kumaXesha Aphakathi, iyakhiwa kangangeenkulungwane.

style itempile ukhumbuza akuphuhlanga kakuhle zwe. Nangona kunjalo, oku ngaxeshanye into entsha ngokupheleleyo. lakhiwe ekwayaleni ka 1500 neemvumi, kwakunye ikwayala yabantwana (700). Le tempile wayefanele ukuba ibe liziko yamaKatolika. Pope Leo XIII ukusuka ekuqaleni inkxaso ukwakhiwa.

Umsebenzi owenziwe Gaudi

Ngaphandle kokuba kwama-35 eminyaka, usebenza kwi projekthi, Gaudí kuphela wakhohlwa ukugqiba olungaphambili iKrismesi neenqaba 4 phezu kwakhe. It nangoku ayikagqitywa inxalenye yasentshona apse, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inxalenye enkulu weso sakhiwo. uyaqhubeka Construction, yaye ngoku, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-70 emva kokufa Antonio Gaudi. wakha Ngokuthe ngcembe lo iCathedral (ngexesha ubomi Antonio wagqiba kwakukho omnye kuphela), zabuya yefacade imifanekiso abavangeli kunye nabapostile, izigcawu ukufa kunye ubomi obungqongqo le uMsindisi. Kucetywa ukuba ukugqiba umsebenzi malunga 2030.

Ukufa Antonio Gaudi

Ngo-1926, Juni 7, ngokomakhi Antonio Gaudi, ogama womfundisi ngokufutshane, lakutshona ilanga, ngexesha 17:30, ingekho i Sagrada Familia, wahamba, njengoko kweqhelekileyo ngokuhlwa kaThixo uvumo. Ngale mini, tram yokuqala yaphehlelelwa eBarcelona. Phantsi ukuba Gaudi. Komqhubi uthulele phantsi esiporweni yawo kamva wathi ke unkqonkqozile lo ukuhamba anxile. Gaudí akazange abe la maxwebhu, wafumana kangangesandla weminoti, yaye iindaba ezipokothweni zakhe. Wafa phantsi kwephiko lakho kubantu abangenamakhaya ngeentsuku ezintathu, yaye ukuba angcwatywe kunye nabanye lingcwaba eliqhelekileyo. Kuphela ngengozi ixhegwazana wayibona naye. Kwifoto ngezantsi - komngcwabo Gaudi kaThixo, yona yenzeka ngomhla we-12 Juni.

memory

Unyaka ka-2002 wabhengezwa yoNyaka ka Gaudi. Lomhleli Antonio Gaudi kunye nomsebenzi wakhe yabangela umdla omkhulu namhlanje.

Kuba ngaphezu kwe-10 iminyaka, iyaqhubeka bekhankasela ukuba chargeability womntu njengengcwele. Pope, kulindeleke ukuba asayine uxwebhu ngo-2015 malunga beatification, apho aya kuba sisahlulo sesithathu izigaba ezine Ukumiselwa. Kwenziwa izicwangciso zokuba Antonio uya kuba ongcwele - umxhasi abakhi. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, Antonio Gaudi ufanelwe kuyo. Ekubeni wayenokuthabatha umzekelo, nkqu abakhi ezinkulu. Gaudi ingumzekelo ngokomoya wawo ezidityanisiweyo ubuntu bakhe.