Foundations for the iishedi ze kwimibhobho

Le barn yi lophawu ebalulekileyo kunye ezibalulekileyo ngaphakathi ebaleni. Ngenxa uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto nezixhobo ukudala zokwakha ozimeleyo kunokwenzeka ngaphandle koncedo yeengcali. Yonke lento iqala kunye nesiseko.

Yintoni kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kokuqala ukwakha

Foundations for the uyakucacisa zikhethwa ngokusekelwe iimpawu ezikhoyo umhlaba kunye nohlobo. Ngenxa ingcali uhlalutyo lomhlaba kunokwenzeka ukhetho zeenqwelwana eliphezulu lobeko.

Iintlobo zomhlaba:

• obambe sandy;
• obambe;
• leke;
• udongwe;
• eweni.

Nangona ubulula, benolungelelwano yokwakha, ukwakhiwa kwawo uthathwa ukuba uhlobo ifanelekileyo somhlaba zamatye a uluhlu eshinyeneyo ngaphandle mgodini kunye neentanda. Lubonakala ngokungabikho intlenga, qa ixesha ebandayo, ukunqamka, ukukwazi ukwenza isiseko ngeenxa kubume uzinzo eyaneleyo.

zobuchwepheshe ezintsha

Ngokusebenzisa uphuhliso kwindawo weenceke amabala ezinjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza zokwakha ophezulu umgangatho njengamasuntsu, imihlaba ngodongwe, kwakunye kwi obambe uyisanti novunduvundu. Ngoko ke ivela ibe ukunqamka kangako lomhlaba, ucinezelo yayo ebalulekileyo, kwakunye ubukho imigxobhozo yentlabathi kunye iqabaka samadoda.

Umhlaba ukudumba kunokwenzeka zombini emacaleni ngesakhiwo, naphantsi kwalo. Foundations for elicacisa nga ukhuselwe oku ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• nokususa imihlaba samadoda kwi esakhiweni indawo yayo igrabile wesanti erhabaxa;
• ukudala isiseko monolithic;
• amanzi kunye ubushushu thermal wenqwelwana evela kumacala onke;
• ukungena isiseko ngezantsi qhwa.

ngokuba bathele isisombululo

Qualitative iziseko iishedi ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka elide lwezakhiwo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikwe amacandelo isisombululo. iimpawu ezoneleyo Portland ezahlukeneyo isamente eqhelekileyo, kodwa kufuneka babe umhla yemveliso yakutshanje. Izohlwayo uba inkunkuma Desirably, ngenxa yokuba lo ukusetyenziswa elincitshisiweyo, isisombululo uba luthe ngexesha kokubekela monolithic ngakumbi ngexesha Ukuqinisa. Kubalulekile ukuba ukungabikho ukungcola nengqushu kuwo onke amacandelo, kuqukwa amanzi. Ukuze ufumane isisombululo zesamente engumxube, isanti kunye igrabile kwi umlinganiselo emiselweyo, ngoko bophalazwa portionwise namanzi ukwenza intlama efanayo.

Ndingayilindela kowuphi ukuba okhe isakhiwo

uhlobo zeendawana kukhethiwe kuxhomekeke zemali amandla, uxhathiso neziphumo ezibi (yingqele, amanzi angaphantsi nangaphezu komhlaba) kwaye ngoku nqakraza kwisabelo emhlabeni.

iziseko strip for neeshedi ezi igagasi kwaye ixesha elide. isixhobo yazo iqala embe ye esemseleni wawakhotha. Phambi kweli candelo umakishwa uze usete izikhonkwane kunye twine kujikelezo izakhiwo elizayo, wolula phakathi kwabo.

Isiseko uza kufumana amandla ezongezelelweyo nokuqina xa ugcwele imini enye zilinganisiwe ngokupheleleyo. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuba yokuqaqadeka eziphathekayo efunekayo iintsuku eziliqela, kwaye ngexesha nobushushu, ukuthintela genge, hlale ukuba ugalele amanzi.

Pier lesiseko phantsi kweshedi

Le nguqulelo mali a ilungiselelo kwaye kulula ukwenza nto ezo kungeyomfuneko ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nonyango neengcali ezizodwa. Ekubeni isiseko isekelwe phezu kweentsika eziliqela, wemba emhlabeni, akukho yimfuneko ukwemba umsele epheleleyo. Kufanele kulunyukwe xa ukhetha ukhetho olunjalo zokuqalisa emhlabeni, kodwa Luhle iindawo ezimagqagala.

pier technology isisekelo

zomhlaba oludongwe kunqweneleka kutshizwe luhlalu. iintsika inkxaso instillation Ubunzulu ubalwa ngokungqinelana kwinqanaba yovalo eli xabiso kufuneka kongezwe elinye-15 cm. Onyuswe inkxaso ngezitena okanye ikonkhriti kwi amalungu iindonga kunye neekona siseko. Emazantsi lokungahlangani nganye izele ngesanti igrabile, bamlandela ubunjwe. Ukwandisa amandla kweli ziko uswazi ngentsimbi.

Ukuthintela ukunqamka ngesakhiwo ukuya ezantsi eDibanisa isiseko ngakumbi-izinto eziphathekayo. iintsika amaziko kuthatha isithuba eseleyo kwi lekhefu. Unako ukusebenzisa imibhobho ezaliswe iibhloko eziphathekayo, izitena. Xa isicelo le yokugqibela kufuna amanzi nokwaleka kuqamba. Pier isiseko njengeshedi ifuna ukhuseleko ukusuka ukufuma kwiindawo zeendonga kunye ezimbaxa nesiseko, ingakumbi xa kusakhiwa womthi ezicwangcisiweyo.

imiqolo axhasayo zokwakha ukukhanya ngomthi zingenziwa ngezinto ezifanayo. Esetyenziselwa amanzi ukumitha of mastics ezizodwa okanye umlilo. Ngenxa oku, njengeshedi ajike aluhlaza ne mali.

Isiseko njengeshedi iibhloko

Penoblok zizixhobo ezilula kunye ezomeleleyo ixabiso elifanelekileyo. Sibeke kulula ngokwaneleyo kwanabo ongazange benza umsebenzi onjalo. Isicelo isiseko kunye eludongeni, uvumela ukunciphisa umthwalo ngokubanzi emhlabeni. Iqala ukwakhiwa trenching okanye indawo, xa ufuna ukwenza i ongaphantsi.

Used yokubala ubunzulu ekubhekiselwe kuwo ngasentla, ububanzi kulo mzekelo kukutyeba block kunye ezongezelelweyo eziyi-20 cm. Xa ezantsi emhadini (umsele) igcwele umqamelo zesanti kunye zegrabile, ke efakwe formwork kunye kwisakhelo nokuqinisa. Eziphathekayo, obuphalazelwe phezu phezulu, yaye umaleko kufuneka ibe malunga nama-20 cm. Iibhloko amagwebu Ayanda kunokwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba Ukuqinisa epheleleyo.

Isiseko njengeshedi iibhloko amagwebu yohlukile olulula yofakelo, iindleko ezifikelelekayo, ukumelana umhlaba acid kunye nempembelelo yovalo, ubomi obude ixesha elide ilungiselelo yayo.

Ukubeka iibhloko amagwebu luqala amanqaku ekoneni. Ukuzalisa welding lwangaphandle lwenziwa kongezwe ngeendlela zokuzikhusela ibingenakunyakama. Base emacaleni engaphandle zigutyungelwe zingangenwa ezithile, ngoko ke umsele ongenamthetho.

Imibhobho Asbestos esisekweni izakhiwo

Laziseko zakha iishedi of kwemibhobho asbestos- yohlobo kunye ufakelo yabo amaqula yamba ukuthululwa nomxube eziphathekayo. Isetyenziswa cage nokuqinisa yothatho ukuthembeka elide. Kodwa ke, njengayo nayiphi na uyilo, iye alungileyo kwakunye nangalunganga.

Phakathi ethile kubalulekile ukuphawula ubu ukusetyenziswa. Ingaba elona xesha lininzi nokusebenza iminyaka engama-70, ucinga ukuba linyanzelisa isiseko eziphathekayo na onako ukuma iminyaka elikhulu embalwa, iziseko zamatye ngezitena nazo azakubalulwa ubomi inkonzo ende.

Isakhiwo columnar le mibhobho ayikwazi ingasetyenziswa kwimihlaba ethambileyo, imigxobhozo kunye omqengqelezi iiyantlukwano zoncedo omkhulu.

Ngaphandle koku, le hlobo isiseko ineendlela ezininzi:

• Kuba enganyangekiyo kuthatha malunga neveki, ngoko unga ukuqala umsebenzi ngakumbi.
• Akukho mfuneko ukuba bathenge imithi yokwakha formwork.
• iindleko Low. Asbestos-isamente imibhobho uhlobo ezi iibhloko sitshiphu eziphathekayo okanye zitsho eziphathekayo.
• Akukho mfuneko yokuba amba umsele, ukulungelelanisa ezantsi uzalise isanti kunye nomxube igrabile, njengoko kufunwa yi ezinye iintlobo iziseko.
• Kuba ufakelo ayidingi ephakamisa uncedo izixhobo kunye nengcali.