Flemish: imbali wophuhliso kunye neempawu

ulwimi Flemish wasebenzisa abantu abazizigidi ezintlanu abahlala kuloo mmandla kumantla eBelgium (kule nxalenye kuthiwa eFlanders), kwakunye malunga 200 lamawaka kwisebe French ka Nord. Libhekisela kwisebe German entsapho yaseYurophu Indo-.

Abo bathetha Flemish

Flemings ezinento abantu Dutch. Ukususela Ixesha uBukhosi baseRoma kunye ngenkulungwane XIV kuyo, baza ngokuthe ngcembe bahlala endaweni yawo ngoku - inxalenye kumantla eBelgium. Ide XVI Flemish ngenkulungwane phantse yinto enzima eNetherlands. beza utshintsho emva kokwahlulwa Holland kunye Belgium, omnye kweli lizwe yafumana inkululeko lamkelwe ubuProtestanti, ngoxa kummandla omnye yamaKatolika yaye bomeleze ukongamela amagunya asemzini. Ngoko, kwi XVII-XVIII iinkulungwane ulwimi Flemish zazive-, ngaphandle seyingenelele ngoncedo Dutch.

Ngowe-1830 uBukumkani eBelgium, yafumana inkululeko. Ekubeni Flemings waqalisa ukumphikisa lwabo iwonga Flemish kuba nangoku ithathwa njenge lwesigodi yasekuhlaleni. Ukwamkelwa kulwimi noncwadi umgangatho iye yanxulunyaniswa neengxaki ezithile, kuba Flemings izityebi abafunde kakhulu wathetha isiFrentshi.

indaba

ukufundisa ulwimi Flemish apho kunzima kakhulu, kuba uye umahluko omkhulu ngencwadi ebhaliweyo yaye ukuthetha, abe ubutyebi bembali kunye kunokuba nzima lophuhliso. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX urhulumente Belgian yayinamahewu Walloons othetha isiFrentshi. Ukususela ngo 1873, i-Flemish lulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni eBelgium, ngokulinganayo isiFrentshi. Ekupheleni Second World War, kukho ukuhla kuphuhliso lwamashisini intsimbi kunye noshishino zamalahle le.

Ezi ziganeko ziye zabangela e Flemish, ngelo xesha zenza i-55% yabantu, umnqweno inguqu kwinkalo yezopolitiko ingakumbi zenkcubeko. Ngowe-1968, kukho ungquzulwano phakathi French kunye Flemings ngokusekelwe kwi University of laseLouvain: abemi ababini akakwazanga kuthatha isigqibo ulwimi kufuneka zifundiswe kwesi sikolo.

Umphumo waba uthotho imithetho-1970, apho elasekwa le umda ulwimi phakathi kwamazwe amabini, enye yazo kufuneka kusetyenziswa kuwo onke amaziko karhulumente kuphela eziyinzalelwane iilwimi zabantu eFlanders. Flemish Council ophetheyo inkcubeko ngowe-1973, igama zibe Dutch.

Imeko yangoku

Ukuze ufumane isikhundla nasiphi na isikhundla eburhulumenteni eBelgium, kufuneka wazi iilwimi ezimbini. Oku malunga Flemish kwaye, kakade, isiFrentshi. Walloons, bona, babe nenzondo ukuba ingcamango nokufunda ulwimi, oluthethwa ngabantu abazizigidi 22 kuphela, kuquka nabantu abahlala eNetherlands. Flemings (ingakumbi abo ukubamba ofisi yaseburhulumenteni), njengokuba uhlobo beziphindezela inkunkuma ngabom ukuthetha isiFrentshi. Ke igama elithi "Flemish", ukongeza intsingiselo yalo ngqo, namhlanje isoloko isetyenziswa igama ngokuhlangeneyo eseMpumalanga nezendawo zapadnoflamandskih.

Ngolwimi-umda imimandla ukwazi ukuhlangabezana imiqondiso yendlela in French nilwenze ngezantsi igama kwilali in Dutch. Oku kungenxa yokuba izixeko ezininzi iifom ezimbini. Ngoko ke, ukuba ngaba uceba ukuya Mons kunye kwintsimi Flemish, ngoko uya Bergen, Liege - Luik, Namur - namenya njalo njalo. Vice versa. Ufuna ukundwendwela Mechelen? Emva koko kufuneka wazi: igama French laloo mzi iyalila Malin, Bern - Furneaux, Ieper - Ypres. Kuhleli akukacaci kutheni urhulumente akakwazi ukusombulula le ohlekisayo kwaye imeko ngexesha buhlungu esifanayo ngokuthi kufakelwe iimpawu yendlela iilwimi.

yeempawu ezibonakalayo

Ngokuphathelele izandi zamazwi, i Flemish iyahluka ukusuka kwinani Dutch kuyo iifitsha zibe amagama (umzekelo ngokupheleleyo ukungabikho ukuhlasela okuqinileyo). Igrama Uphawu lo ukwahlulwa engaguquki iintlobo ezintathu ngoncedo kwezimelabizo zobuqu. Kubalulekile kwakhona okuluphawu ulwimi Flemish izenzo intabalala Gallicisms.

nezendawo

Kukho iintlobo ezine Flemish:

• lwesigodi Brabant;

• East-Flemish;

• West-Flemish;

• Limburg.

Kanti amaqela amabini yokugqibela njengangoku kakhulu isetyenziswa kwintetho yemihla ngemihla phakathi kwabantu yaye elona nani liphezulu umahluko ukusuka standard Dutch.

E Belgium Limburgish kuseyinto lwesigodi. Ukususela ngo-1997, eNetherlands, nokwazeka ngokusesikweni njengento ezimeleyo, njengoko Dutch kunye Flemish. Apho bathe bathetha iziyelelane of Limburg? Oku, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ummandla womzantsi-mpuma iNetherlands, kwakunye kumntla-mpuma inxalenye eBelgium.

West Flemish zisetyenziswa abantu abaphilayo kwi-West eFlanders. nokusasazwa Wide yale qela kungenxa intshukumo ababhali basekuhlaleni Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX, leyo njengobuluchasileyo ukusungulwa ulwimi standard Dutch.

Itheko i Flemish Community

Lo mbhiyozo iwela ngoJulayi 11. Ngowe-1302, kwakukho Kurtreyskaya idabi odumileyo phakathi Flemish kunye kartel French. Zakutshanje awusebenzisileyo kwi kummandla eFlanders neempawu zolwimi. abantu Flemish ngenkalipho waluthethelela lizwe, ekuhleleni athathwe of crossbowmen kunye yabatoli. EFlanders iphumelele uloyiso ukudilika kweli dabi.

De kube ngoku, kuloo holide yanamhlanje Belgium yabhiyozelwa oluhlangeneyo uluntu Flemish. Ngale mini kukho kwimiju- yesinxibo kunye nokwenziwa kumabala emidlalo, eyenzelwe ukuba khumbuza abemi malunga ixabiso ukuzimela kunye nooyise babo elikhaliphileyo balwela kuyo.