Far Eastern kaloliwe: ezeMbali kunye neempawu

Far Eastern Railway - engundoqo umkhweli nabemithwalo indlela ukudibanisa kumbindi Russia kunye kwiindawo ezikufutshane ukuya Pacific Ocean. Okwangoku, ixabiso le ntambo nzima ukuze zazi. Ngaphezu kwekhulu yembali eFar leMpuma Railway umdla hayi kuphela abathanda, kodwa kubo bonke abakukhathaleleyo elidluleyo lizwe lethu.

ubheka

Ingcamango Ukwakhiwa kaloliwe omtsha apho ixesha elide - ndisolula kakhulu unxibelelwano, kwaqhwalelisa ukuziswa kwempahla kumazwe akude le bukhosi. Ngowe-1886, iRhuluneli-Jikelele Eastern eSiberia kunye nommandla Amur zaye neziphakamiso ukwakha imizila kaloliwe ngakumbi Tomsk kunye Vladivostok kwiindawo ezikude. Phakathi kowe-1887, esi siphakamiso sele kuxoxwa kwintlanganiso solungiselelo kummandla akumazantsi eSiberia wathunyelwa uhambo zobunjineli ukuze ukhangele ukuba kungenzeka kweprojekthi kunye nesifundo ixesha zokuphunyezwa kwayo.

A uvulindlela ne engineer

Far Eastern sikaloliwe ufumbethe ukuya kwenye lokuqala iinjineli yayo. Igama abakhi zokuqala Far Eastern Railway ubonakele Ngokufa ulibele. Kwaye ke Alexander Ivanovich Ursati waba nembeko yokuqala kudlula yonke indlela ende ukusuka Comtal Vladivostok. ngeendlela ezahlukileyo, nto eyenza indlela zabo endleleni eya kwiidolophana ezincinci kunye neepaki abangevayo ephila, injineli kaloliwe ukwakha umzila wafunda elimi phezu eza kubanjwa Far Eastern Railway. Ngelishwa, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho izitishi ze kaloliwe kaloliwe lowo nagama njengentlonipho yokumbulela.

Ukuphunyezwa kwale projekthi

Ekuqaleni, lo kaloliwe izicwangciso eyaziwa ngokuba Ussuri. Loo isihloko wafumana yi enkulu Ussuri River, ujikeleze lonke indawo enkulu Primorsky Krai - ukusuka yaseKhabarovsk Vladivostok. Ngokwahlukeneyo, iziza ezibini zacwangciswa umgca: North Ussuriiskaya inxalenye isebe ogqunywe Art. Grafskaya ku iyavuma. Eli candelo wasezantsi kwacetywa ukukhokela ukusuka kwisikhululo efanayo Vladivostok. ngokubekwa Nemikhosi komzila wenethiwekhi yokuqala yaqhutywa ngo-1891 e Vladivostok, phambi losapho lobukumkani kunye namalungu eKhabhinethi. Le ilitye lesiseko kungekabekwa isikhululo Vladivostok Tsarevich Nicholas - elizayo UMlawuli Nicholas II of Russia.

Amacandelo yokuqala

Ngowe-1892, eRashiya waqalisa ukwalathisa ukwakhiwa kololiwe. INtloko projekthi babelwa n Vyazemsky - umakhi onamava owenze iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo eRashiya. Kumaziko akhethiweyo, umsebenzi omkhulu wathunywa ukuba akhokele baphumeleleyo ye-St Petersburg Institute of Engineers Railway. Kuba ukuthuthwa izinto eziyimfuneko babekwa abangabancedani iindlela zegrabile, apho kamva baba imithambo yendlela ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke ezi Territory Primorsky.

Ingxaki ephambili ngequbuliso kwabakho umba abasebenzi yokwakha. Bendawo babebaleka encinane kakhulu - kwafuneka ukubandakanya amabanjwa elubhacweni kunye namajoni. Ngo-1895 inani labantu ndigwetywe ngenxa yezizathu mthetho kunye nezopolitiko, eli-11 lamawaka. Man. Kubo, iinkampu abasisigxina zasekwa, equka enqabeni, izakhiwo ukukhuselwa, ezibhateni, ukutya kunye nokuphonononga iinqaba. Wona ke amajoni, baye ethuthwa ulwandle indlela ende esemazantsi ukusuka Odessa phesheya Atlantic kunye Indian Ocean. Ukuqubha kuthatha iinyanga eziliqela, ephelekwa Ukuvutha nezifo yimvula. Indawo yokugcina Vladivostok.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi nokuzincama amajoni namabanjwa ngo-1894 wavalelwa ukusebenza Yuzhno-Ussuri kwisebe wendlela, kodwa inxalenye esemntla indlela sagqitywa kwiminyaka emithathu kamva. kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Far Mpuma egubungela kummandla Amur kunye eMpuma Ekude, weza yabakho.

kwizikhululo zikaloliwe

Ussuriysk indlela endala kwinguqulelo yokuqala kwafuneka izitishi 39. Phakathi kwabo - isikhululo Ruzhino esasekwa abasuka Ukraine, Art. Manzovka (okwangoku Sibirtsevo), Art. Busse, ogama lakhe behlonipha igosa Russian wamazwe N. V. Busse Far East. Musa ukulibala abahloli kunye iinjineli yoluntu: amagama LM Rozengarda VS Ilovaisky, V. Gedike zaye igama amacandelo ukusuka iyavuma ukuba bikinis. Kwaye ngoku Far Eastern Railway iye kwizikhululo 358 osebenza kumacandelo lweengoma ezahlukeneyo.

Iimpawu zoqoqosho kunye wejografi Ekude Eastern Railway

Okwangoku, i-Far Eastern Railway uye malunga 7470 km ubude ngeendlela zazo ngaxeshanye ezingaphezu kwe-6000 km. Indawo, le umendo udlula kwimimandla ezintlanu East Far - Amur AD, le izimele yamaYuda, kwi Primorsky yaye iyavuma Territory, iye amasebe apha kwiRiphabliki Sakha. impembelelo yayo sisasazeka kwezinye iingingqi East Far. Nje Impembelelo indawo Far Eastern ngaphezu kwama-40% yommandla lo Russian Federation.

Far Eastern Railroad erhangqwe kwisikhululo Hani East Siberian kaloliwe kunye nezikhululo kwi nokubetha Arkhara inamathele Zabayskalskoy kaloliwe. Kunye yonke ubude umendo walo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane, ezo kweliso ngamasebe ahlukeneyo, simanyene phantsi kwesicwangciso-"Far Eastern Railway." Iyavuma - iSebe NOD1, Vladivostok - NOD2, Komsomolsk - NOD3 kunye Tynda - NOD4. Ukongeza, Far Eastern Railway ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulelwe kwii ariya ezimbini eziphambili - ikhondo kumantla latitudinal aphambili. Bona eziqhagamshelene a elula encinane lwegama rokadnymi: Komsomolsk-Volochaevka-2, Tynda-Sturm, Ikalika-Urgal. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukudala convoys kumalungiselelo lonke phecana.

Kude inani kaloliwe

iimpawu Isiseko eFar Mpuma Railway ukunika isizathu ukuqwalasela oko njengomnye lokufumana izinto eziphambili kunye neendlela kwabakhweli kule ngingqi. Kule minyaka 2015 kwiindlela DVZhD zaye zathuthwa ngaphezu kwama 42 amawaka. Iitoni kungekwamthwalo malunga 5000 abantu baye bangenelwa kwi Far East indlela inkonzo njengoko abakhweli. Ngumqolo inika ekuthutheni ngokubaluleka zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe - in ukusebenza kwayo kwamagingxi eJapan oosomashishini abanomdla, Mongolia, Korea kunye neTshayina, leyo bathengise imveliso yabo kwilizwe lethu. ulawulo impahla lwenziwa ukusuka kwiziko kulawulo olunye ibekwe kwisixeko iyavuma.

Far East Umthambo kaloliwe ithatha unelungelo indawo ephambili simo nokuthuthwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kwaye amazwe, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isinye kwisithathu bebonke eJozi traffic kwi Russian Federation kwaye ngaphezu kwekota Transit kwemveliso kumazwe angaphandle amanye amazwe. Ngenxa namalungiselelo kuhlengahlengiswa DVZhD Office ingxelo ukuba ngo-2016 i-Far Eastern iindlela umendo icetyelwe ukuba ukuthutha abangaphezu kwezigidi 116 iitoni babenikela idilesi amazibuko Pacific Ocean. izinto kakuhle ekukhuleni korhwebo kunye nabamelwane zayo empuma nga ngokuzithemba ukuchaza ukwanda kakhulu kwezothutho kaloliwe nyaka nonyaka kwixwsha elizayo.

ulawulo

Njengoko ka-2015, inani labasebenzi eFar Mpuma Railway wayephethe-40 amawaka. Abantu abaqeshwe kwinkonzo le emendweni. Le umendo unika imisebenzi kubantu basekuhlaleni kunye nokuzithemba elizayo.

Management of the Far Eastern Railway na owayamileyo ngqo JSC "Iziporo Russian" kwaye isebe noshowo. EyiNtloko Far Eastern Railway ithatha Maklygin 2015 N. Phantsi kobunkokheli zakhe zonke iinkalo zomsebenzi, noqhuba i Far Eastern Railway. ofisi Idilesi DVZhD - Komsomolsk-on-Amur, iyavuma Territory. ulawulo Various indawo abe ngabaphathi babo.

ukhuseleko Software

Ngokutsho intloko kulawulo iyavuma Far Eastern, ekhuselekileyo ukusebenza kunye nokuthintela ngeendlela Far Eastern Railway iza kuqala. Ngowe-2015, xa womnatha lwendlela ye-East Far ebhalisiweyo likaxakeka-18, apho kwafa abantu abathathu. Zonke iingozi aba nandzu abaqhubi ukuqhuba isithuthi indiva imithetho yendlela.

Isiza kuhlasela yokhuseleko indawo lwakhethwa indlela i Nogliki-Korsakov. Ukuze ukutsalela ingqalelo iziphumo zokungathotyelwa kunye imithetho yokhuseleko ezindleleni kaloliwe abeke kwindawo esekuhleni a iimoto ezimbalwa, kwaphulwa kuloo ngozi. Ngaloo ndlela abasebenzi kaloliwe baye bazama ngomumo ye iingozi ezihamba umqhubi ekudibaneni lengoma. Ngaphandle abasebenzi bathatha inxaxheba kugwayimbo abasebenzi zamapolisa kwezithuthi kunye nabameli "inkampani Transport" kaMasipala qela liphikisayo Enterprise.