Eyona General uncwadi kunye neentlobo

Yonke imisebenzi yoncwadi, kuxhomekeke iimpawu ezibalisayo indawo umbhali ngokunxulumene zimelwe, yahlulwe yaba iziduko. Yaye ngamnye kubo yena, yahlulwe ntlobo.

Xa zezifundo zoncwadi, uncwadi yabasebenzi iphambili ilandelayo: luzayo, lyric, idrama, kwezinye iimeko, ezidityaniswe kubo kodwa kunye neentlobo lyric-ibonwe. Ngokuba elowo kubo, siza kuthetha ngakumbi kamva kweli nqaku.

Epos - indlela ukubona iziganeko

Ngelo xesha, uAristotle ababesithi ibali enokwenziwa okanye into nabanye ngokwakho (Epos), okanye ngqo kuwe (lyrics), okanye okunye sokubeka ibali emlonyeni zamagorha (idrama). Nangona, Kakade ke, le nkcazo kwezimbalwa nje kuphela, kuba ukusa kumkhamo othile kuyanceda ukuqonda imigaqo esisiseko kokwahlulwa iintlobo yobuciko.

Le ezintathu eziphambili iindidi zoncwadi, njengoko umgaqo, baqale lokutshintshela lo amaqhawe, yona imbonakaliso Injongo ekuhambeni iziganeko ezithi zenzeke ngokuzimeleyo lombhali. Usebenza izenzo ezinjalo, njengokuba umthetho, njengombukeli ngaphandle pereskazchika. Nokuba kwimeko lokuqala-mntu ukulandisa umbhali ithatha indawo bumilo yento ngokunxulumene ngeziganeko eziya kudluliselwa ngaphambili - kanjalo bagcina babizwa ngokuba "kumgama yeqhawe".

Isantya yokubalisa yeqhawe isoloko ngenyameko ubungqina kunye nobungakanani njengoko ifilimu athambekele eligcwele. Oku, ngengozi, ngokufuthi aphazamise ekuvelisweni kweenoveli ezaziwayo-kakuhle eqongeni njengoko isicatshulwa ngokupheleleyo oku kulandelayo ukuze umdlalo ngokungenangqiqo ixesha elide.

Iintlobo eziphambili amaqhawe elamkeleke amabali, iinoveli, amabali amafutshane nezincoko. Ukuze Epos nako kubangelwa, kunye nemisebenzi lwemveli - amabali, iintsomi, epics kunye iingoma zembali.

Funda ngakumbi malunga iintlobo ezinkulu amaqhawe

Eyona General engundoqo iincwadi, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, zahlulwe neentlobo, kwaye likhulu epics yi kwinoveli yeqhawe. Yena ngokuqhelekileyo ithatha ixesha elithile nembali kuquka inani elikhulu nokubhaleka ukuba yendlela yokwenza omnye nomnye (LN Tolstoy "War Noxolo" okanye M. A. Sholohov "Makube aqukuqela i Don").

Emva kwakhe ubuninzi ukuba inoveli. Olu uhlobo kwakhona kubandakanya inani elikhulu abalinganiswa kunye nokubhaleka. Nangona, umzekelo, ngokufuthi iinoveli zokucupha mihla esinye kuphela umgca onjalo.

Kule ncwadi, kukho inani enkulu zokuguqulwa ebizwa uhlobo - usapho, ezentlalo, ababhinqileyo, fiction, iingcinga, ibali zokucupha, njalo-njalo ..

On genre ezincinane amaqhawe

uncwadi yabasebenzi Basic yaye ucebisa ntlobo ezincinane enkulukazi. Ezi ziquka inoveli (oko kunokuba avareji ngokubhekiselele kuhlobo), elijolise, njengoko umthetho, ikamva enye, okanye isiganeko esinye.

Eli bali kukuba, ngasendleleni, uthathwa uhlobo oselula eyindumasi (waqalisa ukuba imilo kuphela ekuqaleni 19 c.), Kuyinto ibali malunga episode ethile nobomi iqhawe. efana kakhulu imilo nebali kuyinto inoveli mihla.

Xa uncwadi mihla ukuthetha ngokwahlukeneyo malunga sincoko. Ingxelo kulo, njengoko kuchasene ibali okanye inoveli, eyakhelwe ubungqina obubhaliweyo. Nakuba kunjalo, kuzo zonke iintlobo zikhankanywe kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto.

Musa ulahlekelwe popularity and iintsomi zabo namabali - amabali zabalinganiswa elibuntsomi inxaxheba imbopheleleko yenu amandla omlingo. A nentsomi mihla kufuneka zifana kangako abanam, njengoko enxulumene kakhulu namanzi obscheliteraturnogo kunye neendlela.

An uhlanga enkulukazi yinyaniso mihla iintlobo ezithandwayo, amabali ahlekisayo, amabali, imizekeliso kunye nezincoko.

genre lyrical

Enye iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili uncwadi - isihobe - ezahlukeneyo ukusuka lonke ukujongwa kwayo kunye nomdla ebaxiweyo ehlabathini copyright. Kuba kwakhona luphawulwa nesithukuthezi esikhathazayo, umnqweno ukuba ukubonisa iziganeko, kunye nesimo lobuqu ancamathelayo kuzo. Yimvelo zezi mvakalelo ezininzi ombambazelayo neentlobo: ode (amisiweyo bedumisa nantoni umbongo), i elegy (a ukucamngca ombambazelayo phezu transience yobomi) kunye uvuthondaba (kokumgxeka, umsebenzi ngumsindo).

Kodwa iimbongi mihla, njengoko bona bathi, bhala imibongo - oko kukuthi, imisebenzi enzima okanye kungenzeki kubangelwa ngqo naluphi na uhlobo.

Ngaphakathi kunye nangaphandle wedrama

Hegel, uzama ukuzinzisa eli candelo ecetywayo Aristotle ukuba kwisizukulwana engundoqo iincwadi, wachaza ukuba intliziyo drama ke Yindibanisela lyric kunye ibonwe. Emva kokuba bonke idrama, ukususela umbono wakhe - yinto ungquzulwano esekelwe neminqweno ngamnye, nto leyo kulo mzekelo wakhonza isiganeko ngokungakhethe cala yenzeke.

Kwaye ke olwahlula iphambili yedrama eyona njongo yayo kungekhona ibali zokubonisa (umfanekiso live) kwimeko elinikiweyo. Copyright ekuqaleni cishe emsebenzini, yaye ukuba lo amaqhawe uqhuba incoko - oku nje enye indlela yokubhengeza hero, weqonga incoko idla ndlela yokuchaza oko.

Olu tshintsho kwi ugxininiso kubangela iinguqu ezinkulu kubume imveliso leyo. Ngoko ke, kuya kuba abalinganiswa ashinyeneyo ngakumbi, ethe shinyi, accentuated ngakumbi lo amaqhawe, enyanisweni oko kubanga amaphaphu eziyimfuneko ezinkulu. Uxhulumaniso olusondeleyo uhlobo theatre Wathi idlala indima enkulu - umdlalo usoloko mihle, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuba yimithetho engqongqo kunye nobukhulu bayo.

Kodwa kuphela ukutolika umdlalo njengoko itekisi lokumisela engachanekanga kakhulu. Uhlobo azigcina ifuthe layo kumfundi kwaye abaqhuba eqongeni kunye, kunye yeqonga, naye ubomi zoncwadi.

uhlobo idrama

Eyona General engundoqo iincwadi, njengokuba ubona, babe genres zabo. I kungekho ngaphandle kule ndlela, nedrama. Iintlobo ezininzi umxhelo kwaye ngokwembali ebonakalayo ezinkulu zazisoloko yintlekele kunye comedy.

Intlekele ngumfanekiso yongquzulwano ezingadibaniyo, ngesiqhelo engaphephekiyo esibulalayo ngokwendalo kwaye usoloko iphela ukufa hero.

Comedy luphawulwa indlela ahlekisayo ahlekisayo ukuya Ukuthiya leyinene kunye ungquzulwano ethile. Kule uhlobo akakho ezingadibaniyo yaye, njengoko umthetho, kuvumelekile ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukwahlula comedy abalinganiswa waseMelika kwaye isekelwe phezu umthombo kwinqakwana. Kwimeko yokuqala - oko etyeni abalinganiswa, ngoxa yesibini - imeko apho abazifumana bekuzo. ezi ntlobo zikwenza kubonakale ngathi ngokufuthi kuhlelwe.

Ngu ukuguqulwa uhlobo comedy owayephila ekunokuthiwa nomkhuba - wakhomba, ingcamango ngabom ahlekisayo - kunye vaudeville ukuba ibali obufana funny.

Drama - naye uhlobo kakhulu

Eyona General ephambili uncwadi ziquka idrama kungekuphela nje usapho, kodwa nje uhlobo. ukusasazeka kwayo, lafumana 18 -19 cc., ngcembe kancinane ngokwabo ntlekele. Drama ephawula impixano elibukhali, kodwa umhlaba ngoko ke ngoko akukho engaphephekiyo, njengoko kule ntlekele.

Xa iziko lo msebenzi ubudlelwane ikhupha ngamnye kunye noluntu. Kwisiqwenga idrama, njengoko umthetho, oluyinyani kakhulu - ngenxa yoko, waba uhlobo okhokelayo yaba nkulu ka zemiboniso, zikhuphisane comedy ethandwa kakhulu kweli xesha lethu.

Drama has iintlobo ezininzi: ngokwasengqondweni, bulumko, zentlalo, zembali, uthando, etc ...

Yintoni na iintlobo lyric-ibonwe

Xa uncwadi academic ingqikelelo hlobo ithathwa yelo kwiqela elithile lwemisebenzi yoncwadi, leyo Simanywe iimpawu ezifanayo. Iintlobo, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, akhiwa ngaphakathi sodidi, ukuba ube ngumfuziselo yokwenene iimpawu ngokubanzi.

Kodwa mhlawumbi ubukho neentlobo zokwenziwa intermediate, nto leyo ukudibanisa iintlobo ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezingundoqo uncwadi kunye neentlobo zayo. Hi ndlela leyi, uninzi lwezi "entanglements" livela phakathi lyric kunye ibonwe, nto leyo evumela abanye abaphandi ukuba zongezwe kolu gqatso kwesele ikhona ngaphezulu (eyesine) - lyric kunye enkulukazi. Kuye abanye abaphandi bathi lo mbongo (vesi usebenza ibali ombambazelayo okanye esibalisayo ukuvela kwimvelaphi yezembali) kunye iibhaladi (amabali zantlandlolo vesi).

ngenxa

Kakade ke, naziphi zoncwadi, ngokunjalo umntu onomdla wokufunda, bathi kwisahlulo kwisizukulwana engundoqo kunye neentlobo zoncwadi - kunzima kakhulu kwaye uzoba inaccuracy. imisebenzi emininzi yobugcisa oludibanisa iimpawu eziphambili lweendidi ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo, yaye ukunikezelwa. Kwaye umsebenzi womfundi akuthethi lokuhlela ngokucacileyo kubo, kwaye akwazi ukumisela umlinganiselo kuyo ekuqaleni ngokobuhlanga nganye.

Ngapha koko, lo uhlobo - oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, hayi umsebenzi ngokwawo, kodwa kunoko siseko indalo yayo. Oko kukuthi, xa injongo yombhali ukubhala inoveli uhlobo kuphela anayo inkqubo okudala zokuzalwa ukugqabhuza kakhulu iimpawu zayo eziphambili tyhala imida iintlobo, omabini ngexesha layo, umzekelo, kwenzeke ntoni na Pushkin kaThixo "Evgeniem Oneginym". ubuchule ntiyiso swi uluthiyile imida.