Eucalyptus (imithi) amila? Ukuphakama zomgamtriya. Esiqwini zomgamtriya

Eucalyptus - igama yesiLatini Eucalyptus - na iintlobo ubude fast-likhula kwemithi namatyholo. Ekhaya ukuze Anaki enezityalo eluhlaza yi kwilizwekazi lincinane - Australia kunye siqithi elikufutshane nezwe. Ukubiya zomgamtriya imithi (imithi) baseYurophu bazisa ku France phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX ukukhula emyezweni, kunye neefom ezincinanana - in zokugcina. Ukususela ngoko, ezi amafu eluhlaza, iimpompo zendalo nesiphango iintsholongwane saa kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Yezityalo, "ukutshintsha isikhumba"

On Earth, hayi kakhulu eyaziwayo enezityalo, leyo ayichatshazelwa amaxolo ngokwakho. Umbhali Russian V. Solouhin siyakhamnqiseka yinyaniso yokuba, xa sikwiholide eCaucasus. Waqaphela ukuba zomgamtriya - ". Ngonaphakade ekuvuseleleni" emthini, Chynara (nemikhiwane) unako kwakhona ngokuzimeleyo uthinte. Kuba enjalo emthini ubizwa ngokuba abantu "nazintloni".

Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi iziqu esinamandla yaye elide ephilisayo kubalulekile oyile, amagqabi, engaquki ngokutsha zomgamtriya (imithi). Inkcazelo yale sityalo emangalisayo kuquka inani iinkcukacha umdla. Umzekelo, umaleko ongaphandle ixolo ndihlanjwe ngoMatshi, xa ukuwa kwenzeka ikhweyitha esemazantsi. Ngoko ke komboko kunye namasebe emithi zomgamtriya ezi zingwevu, ezibuhlazarha, omthubi, maxa wambi elinombala.

inkcazelo zomgamtriya

Amagqabi omthi - kwaye malunga kolandelayo, kwaye ubukhulu babo buxhomekeke yobudala. Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale isixhobo sheet - uhlobo olunye-isiziba nembasa, ubukho kwamadlala cell-iseli ngeoli kubalulekile. kushiya omdala - lanceolate kunye incam etsolo. Ubude 12 cm, ububanzi -. 2.5 cm Ekwaluphaleni entsha, banalo iqapheleka setyhula ithinti isilivere okanye ifomu amilise okwentliziyo.

Eucalyptus - umthi, kungekhona enika izithunzi, ngokuba yabe amagqabi vula edge-on elangeni. iintyatyambo ezimhlophe - ulala, eqokelelwa inflorescences umbellate okanye paniculate, kukho kwakhona akutshatanga. Sepals ihlanganiswa isizalo, ize inowuthi lignified, isiphumo siya kuba isiqhamo - ibhokisi enesiciko. Abangaphakathi imbewu ezincinane, wawagalela phezu kwemithambo ukwanda.

"Eucalyptus" Intonga

Kweentyatyambo imithi evergreen kunye namatyholo kuba usapho nasemva. E Australia, kwinkulungwane yokugqibela 90% kule nqwelo zendalo baba amahlathi zomgamtriya. Kukho malunga ne-700 iintlobo Eucalyptus olumanyanisa sodidi, uninzi lwabo lweenkobe eOstreliya, 15 kuphela zifanele imvelaphi yabo kwiziqithi Oceania.

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 zomgamtriya (umthi) iyalinywa kwisibanzi emvula epholileyo kumazwekazi naseAsiya, eAfrika Melika. Kwakukho iintlobo thermophilic ngokubanzi eziliqela, nto leyo ezikhula kwiMeditera, eUnited States, Brazil, kuMbindi Mpuma, China. Ezi ziquka Eucalyptus:

• prutovidny;
• zom;
• ball;
• ashy.

iintyatyambo Eucalyptus abanalo incasa nkqi, kodwa nomtsalane kwiinyosi. Ezi Abaqokeleli umpe nomungu Australia bakhetha zomgamtriya. neeoli ezixabisekileyo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomgamtriya ezisetyenziswa amayeza angamanye kwaye ezisemthethweni isetyenziswa iziqholo, izithambiso. amayeza nabo babe amagqabi ezi zityalo ezimangalisayo Australian.

Eucalyptus - umthi iphakamileyo ehlabathini

Imithi kwahluka okukhawulezayo, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ungafumana imizekelo mikhulu efikelele kuphela iminyaka elishumi. Nantsi ke izinto ezimangalisayo:

• zomgamtriya zeamangile kwiminyaka yokuqala embalwa yobomi ikhula ukuya ku-3 m umphanda elingqingqwa 6 cm;
• Imithi e vivo inokuba iminyaka emi-5, ukuphakama-12 m, ubukhulu - 20 cm, aziwa iziganeko ezindala ngaphezu m 150 (30 m ojikeleyo ifikelela loo umthi engaqhelekanga) ;
• ukuphakama (gum) loMthetho umphanda 20 ngokubanzi eneminyaka engama-30-40 m;
• yemfuzo imithi kwiminyaka 5-6 ekufikeleleni 27-30 m ukuphakama.

I edumileyo Umbhali Russian kunye semvelo K.Paustovsky kuthelekiswa zomgamtriya kunye Conifers. Kubonakala ukuba kweminyaka emihlanu sisityalo omangalisayo uvelisa amaplanga ngaphezu nespruce okanye fir eneminyaka engama-120.

Ukusetyenziswa "intengiso egqiba green"

zomgamtriya umthi ukuphakama kwiminyaka 20 - isakhiwo esinemigangatho-15. ivuthwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye alungele indiza ukugawula yorhwebo eneminyaka engama-25-30. Kangangeminyaka engama-40 imithi kwemioki de ziyatyeba bicentennial. Eucalyptus paper, ikhadibhodi. World nodumo bayifumana iinkuni nzima kwaye womelele enokuthelekiseka neyamanye kumgangatho ukuya Anut abamnyama. It phantse akuthethi zokonakala, etshona emanzini, olusidedisela izinambuzane, ngumchweli.

Ngeziqu zomgamtriya ezisetyenziswayo apho ihlala eyimfuneko eziphathekayo. Kwenqwaba imigca ethe ngqo kunye nomthi kakuhle ume kuba olwandle amashumi amabini kungekho zimpawu kubola. Ehlathini kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokwahlukileyo anemibala, ebonakala kwinkangeleko. Kugcwele ngezandi etyheli, omnquma, abamhlophe kunye zifuna ukuba ngqombela, apho bafuna ingakumbi emva kwishishini ifanitshala kunye umhombiso lwezakhiwo.

imithi transgenic

Phemba imithi zomgamtriya nzima, kodwa wavuka waphuma kulo amalahle na ezikumgangatho ophezulu. amasebe biotechnology iinkampani zoshishino ndadala yemfuzo iisampulu ezikhulayo-40% ngokukhawuleza, nkqu otyewe ashinyeneyo, ukuvelisa iinkuni kunye namalahle. Plantation kwezityalo transgenic - zomgamtriya, pine, nezom, papaya kunye nezinye iziqhamo, oilseed udlwengulo, iimbotyi zesoya, imifuno - zithatha isithuba esininzi ehlabathini. ukulima zabo zovavanyo lwenziwa-1980 kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Ngala wokutya kwezityalo, imiba impahla yorhwebo, wadibana ukwanda iimfuno zamandla lwehlabathi zingalungiswa.

Iminyaka engaphezu kwama-10 ukufunda ithuba kulinywa Israeli biotech ezorhwebo imithi yeMfuzo, zomgamtriya nemipopulari. intshayelelo Mass of kulotywe loshishino baninyanzela kuphela imithetho yokhuseleko eziphilayo. Bona elawula nqanaba ejikeleza iimveliso transgenic, kodwa yamkelwa kuwo onke amazwe.

Imiphumo ngokuqaliswa yeMfuzo aziqondwa kakuhle, kodwa kucacile ukuba imithi zomgamtriya transgenic abanganyangekiyo ngakumbi izinambuzane, kunokuba neempembelelo Ungabalelwayo kumhlaba kunye eziphilayo. Imiphumo kunokwenzeka ezinxulumene yomelezwe ukutya kwi-ikhosistim. Eucalyptus nemipopulari umungu uwasasaze phezu kwindawo ebanzi, ubomi eminyaka, ngoko ke iziphumo eziyingozi iqhubeka ixesha elide.

ingaba yintoni zomgamtriya yingozi kancincane (imithi)? Apho ekhula umzekelo transgenic, engqongwe iintlobo zendalo, kusenokubakho uvuvuzelo kwabo. Oku bebalelwe ekubeni yinto entsimini leengcali bio-yokuphepha, naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe ziziphumo ongalawulekiyo. Kube yinto ebonakalayo neyinyani indawo nightmarish evela yesayensi yenzululwazi, xa namasebe ikhula ngesantya ubukhalipha Babesinqinda udonga.

Eucalyptus kuyilo landscape

Ukubiya windproof na iimpawu ezigqwesileyo njengoko umhlaba ekrwada yome. iingcambu Eucalyptus ayakwazi ukufunxa isixa esikhulu ngokungaqhelekanga wamanzi, ngoko umthi ubizwa ngokuba "kwimpompo green." Landscape wezakhiwo uya kubiza nezinye iinkalo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, eye zomgamtriya.

Umthi ukhule ekhaya kaninzi, oko ukungafuni ifuna ukulungiswa ezincinci. ixesha elininzi ukukhathalela efunekayo ukuze kwakhiwe bonsai usebenzisa amasebe ngesitshetshe kunye esiqwini ephambili. Kuyilo landscape zomgamtriya ezifanelekileyo uzinziso umhlaba nasemaxandekeni, Amathambeka kweenxweme amadama, ukunqanda ukhukhuliseko. Isityalo ithanda umhlaba womile umanzi kodwa kakuhle-ngovo (pH - cala ukuba okwanamhlanje asidi).

Iimpawu aphilisayo zomgamtriya

Xa izibhedlele Australian kudala axhonywe amasebe zomgamtriya ngenxa kweentsholongwane umoya. isityalo olwabiweyo aziphethe ilifa ukusebenza kubola kunye umthomalalisi. Nokubandakanywa amagqabi ezisetyenziswa amayeza abantu njengento expectorant, zintsholongwane kunye nearhente anti-ukudumba. Amanxeba abosulelwe Ulwandle nge-15% zomgamtriya ushiya umhluzi (ngaphambili inzalo).

amafutha zomgamtriya

Afanelekile ukuba unyango ingqalelo ioli ezibalulekileyo zifumaneka Eucalyptus ibhola iintlobo (ibhola). Njengoko izinto zonyango okrwada amagqabi elungileyo kuphela ubudala kwisityalo. Qokelela nabo ehlotyeni nasekwindla, xa ipesenti ioli inyuswe. Phantsi gesi izinto esiqholiweyo aziphethe ngayo kunokuba zombini amagqabi amatsha kwaye zonekwe. oyile Eucalyptus - enemibala emihle, incindi emthubi okanye zana kunye livumba elithozamisayo. Oku kushiya imveliso processing liyasihlaziya ngokugqibeleleyo emoyeni, nenzaliseko yalo, livumba luncedo nobumnandi. Eucalyptol, inxalenye yeoli, expectorant kubola kunye kunceda zezifo kwisisu zomlomo nomqala. Lusetyenziswa kufafazwa kunye epha ukwenzela umqala obuhlungu, umkhuhlane.

Zokulinywa zomgamtriya kweli gumbi kubhetele ukusebenzisa imbewu iintlobo ezisezantsi-ekhula kakhulu, izithole nezithombo ukuba ufake sisitya encinane. Kufuna transshipment ngonyaka okanye ukutshintshwa, ukukhanya eqatha kakuhle hydrated.

Amagqabi anuka kweentlobo ngamnye zomgamtriya abe incasa yawo, eqhubekileyo idibanisa amanqaku lemon, wavuka, nemisonto emsi, Lilac. oyile Uninzi zinuke embhoxo ube ngowakhe, turpentine, camphor. Kwiindawo apho zikhula imithi zomgamtriya nceda khangela amagqabi ezintle yaye iluncedo, coca umoya yemveliso aziphethe ngayo.