Ekufunxeni le Greengage efama: iklasi Inkcazo elakhiwe ethile nokuchithakala

Greengage Plum grade I. V. Michurinym kwifama owakhiwa kuphehlelelwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 yaye ukususela ngoko iye bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa kwayo phakathi balimi. Le damson gqith and green greengage. Umhla wokuzalwa nga ngokuba yokukhetha wobugcisa ngo-1899. Kulo nyaka, iminyaka elishumi emva kokutyala umthi, isiqhamo lokuqala kulo ezahlukeneyo zifunyenwe. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, ngowe-1947, wathumela uvavanyo gqith kwi ezingontsini zasentla-ntshona kunye eyintloko yelizwe. Unga ukukhula le Plum lwe ithambo, usebenzisa isityalo nje isiphunzi kwezinye iintlobo. imithi Plum ngeke nje enencasa zizityebi izondlo iziqhamo, kodwa ezisetyenziswa kokokuhombisa egadini. Entlakohlaza baya kuhlawulwa yi iintyatyambo njengekhephu-ezimhlophe emangalisayo, ukugcwalisa isithuba esirhangqe ivumba.

inkcazo yezi ntlobo

Plum Greengage efama - iqela ummeli Plum ekhaya. Ixesha lokuvuthwa - ekuqaleni okanye phakathi. iziqhamo Plum Greengage kwi kumasebe buketnye efama. Ubungakanani kwezi imithi amancinci: 3 kuphela ubude. Bona ilifa sredneoblistvennoy, sithsaba sam ekusasazeni elirhangqiweyo, smooth ixolo yesilivere, Kuphendula ubukhulu ngqo avareji kunye ithinti bubomvu. Lenticels kancinane, bancinci. Amagqabi embhoxo, umbala medium oluhlaza, esimfaneleko phezu buthelezi. Petioles ulwehlo. Iintyatyambo ezimhlophe, ubukhulu encinane.

Iziqhamo ezahlukeneyo Greengage ifama

Thelo medium ertyisi, otyheli oluhlaza, ngeenxa kunye ezincotsheni atshabalalisa. Plum kamnandi, kodwa imuncu kancinane. icala Palsy, ndayame emphethweni ilitye, uphuhliso ngcono kakhulu kunokuba abanye ezinemiphetho blunt. Amaqunube kwicala sunny ngamanye amaxesha abe umbala sinombala. Ahlangene mat ekufunxeni, zingcakacile, isale ngaphakathi kunye amachaphaza amancinane yonke ubuso greyish. ubunzima yeziqhamo - umlinganiselo '20 icesina ingenamthungo akemi ngaphandle, ngokungafaniyo komphetho kwi amathambo. Esinkini iqulethe isixa esikhulu kwezondlo umzimba womntu. Oku kukhokelela inani kwi Ipete izinto ezifana potassium kunye neevithamini R. Aba nempembelelo entle intliziyo nokomeleza inkqubo sentliziyo.

Eyona uphawu le Greengage Plum efama - isivuno echumayo. Yellow ido- limnandi iziqhamo, kunye isakhiwo ebixhamla ubuncwane kunene, ingxinano eliphakathi. A ithambo encinane wahluliwe yintlama ngokulula ngokufanelekileyo. Iziqhamo babe incasa ilekese iasidi okungephi. Plum ndeva nice kakhulu, eliphambili, oko edliwayo okutsha, kunye nokwenziwa hooter, incindi, jellies kunye namanye amalungiselelo ukulungiselela ubusika. Ahlangene ubukrakra kancinane ulunika umthunzi ngokungangqalanga. Inyama eluhlaza ukukhanya in umbala, ezithambileyo kunye ashinyeneyo. Iintlobo iqala ukuba utyatyambe emva kwexesha, berry zivuthwe kuka-Agasti.

Ekuqaleni kwethuba fruiting kuxhomekeke indlela yokutyala: ukusuka iilekese nangcambu kuza iminyaka 6 ubudala, xa utyala wamiliselwa izithole - omnye okanye emibini ngaphambi kwexesha elimisiweyo. Ukuvuna okunene kuninzi, kunye lomthi osemncinci, eneminyaka engama-6, uyakwazi kuqokelela ukuya ku-8 kg nabantwana, abadala (kweminyaka engama-10) - malunga ne-40 kg yeziqhamo. Isivuno eliphezulu kunokwenzeka - 51 kg. Ngenxa inani amaqanda amasebe ukuze SAG kuba Kroon uba imilo flat. Isivuno kufuneka ngokukhawuleza iqokelelwe, kungenjalo idreyini iya kuqalisa ukuwa.

Plum Greengage efama: ezisasaza kunye nokugonywa

Le samobesplodny uhlobo, ukutsho oko kufuna ezisasaza ukuba iseti iziqhamo. Some of the namathambo, njengoko unako bathathele lestokhwe. Imbewu yale ezahlukeneyo ngokukhawuleza ziqhume nokuphuhlisa. Isityalo ayikwazi kuba pereopylilis iintlobo Chinese. Iintlobo kakuhle ingqalelo ezisasaza Skorospelka obomvu Vengerka Moscow, Eurasia 21, ezinkulu-jika, iVolga ubuhle. ukusetyenziswa ngeyona ndlela inenzuzo enkulu iintlobo ezimbini Plum ekhaya ngaxeshanye. Greengage Kolkhoz ekhuthazwa ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa akayicingi umthi Plum kwenye. Ukuqola fruiting ixhomekeke lestokhwe. Le nkqubo lwaqhutywa entwasahlobo ekuqaleni, xa izityalo okwangoku nebe up. Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo - ugonyo aba ukuqhekeka. Ezinye ezahlukeneyo zinokwenzeka, umzekelo, xa yokumilisela of amaxolo okanye ecaleni esona sabelo, kodwa le ndlela bangaqheliswa kuphela emva Sap esebenzayo.

Iimpawu iintlobo Greengage ifama

Enye yezinto ezilungileyo eziyintloko ziintsapho isivuno eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye nokukwazi ukumelana kubanda ngqwabalala. Ezinye Iimpawu:

• Ngenxa a isiqu agudileyo umthi ayikho phantsi tikaka.
• Amathambo Plum yasekhaya - ogqibeleleyo ezibonakalayo ukuze imfuyo. Bona isiqhuma kakuhle kakhulu, kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngenxa izityalo andise.
• Thelo ethambileyo, emnandi, imbonakalo eliphakathi-ubungakanani kunye nomtsalane.
• Fruiting kwenzeka kwangoko ngokwaneleyo kwaye rhoqo kunyaka wesithandathu, ungenza kuqokelela inala yesivuno abantu aba.
• Iziqhamo ziqala zivuthwe maphakathi-Agasti.

Phakathi intsilelo ezi zilandelayo:

• iziqhamo kabi waqhubeka namasebe kwaye ivuthu- xa overripe,
• e kwiintlobo eyakho-neengcambu ngayo nabantwana eziveliswa ukukhula kakhulu.

Ukutyalwa Care

Ukutyala Plum Greengage yellow ifama ezihlangeneyo kumbindi weRashiya iqala entwasahlobo. Kukho luguqulelo oluphambi lokulima ekwindla, kodwa ke kukho umngcipheko enkulu ukuba umthi akuthethi siqhelane, ukuba asungule inkqubo iingcambu nobukhulu obaneleyo. Ngale ndlela izithole zidla ngumkhenkce, akakwazi sikhule sibe namandla ngokwaneleyo ukugqibezela ubusika. Ukuba awukwazi ukulinda ukuba ekuqaleni emthonjeni nobudlelwane lokutyala Plum prikopat unayo kwi sayithi kunye nekhusi ubusika igqunyelelwe ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba pine lapnika nasebusika wafefa Ukongezelela likhephu. Ngaloo ndlela kunokwenzeka ukwandisa amathuba okuba kwesithole kusinda ngempumelelo lomkhenkce.

Indawo sokutyala khetha kakhulu kakuhle akhanyiswe, kodwa ukukhuselwa uyilo ezibandayo. Kungcono ukukhetha inxalenye womzantsi-mpuma sebali egadini okanye ufake umsele engasezantsi. Kubalulekile ukuba utyale umthi kwindawo apho iya ayivaleki amasebe awo ezinye izityalo. Emthunzini kuya kuba bazekelele ukuphuhlisa fruiting kufika kungekudala. Ngaphambi kokuba utyale neplam isithombo, kufuneka ukhethe umhlaba ekunene nokulungiselela umngxuma lokutyala. Kuba baphuma kwaba, umhlaba obambe kakuhle ezisetyenziswayo, apho asidi pH 6.5-7.0. Phantsi komhlaba kufuneka zibekwe kufutshane kakhulu kwinkqubo ingcambu yezityalo. Umgama Ubuncinane kubo - 1.5 m.

Indlela yokulungisa una lokutyala

Amalungiselelo emhadini lokuhlala iqala iiveki ezimbini phambi kokuqaliswa kwemisebenzi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukuba kungcono ukuyenza ekwindla. Indlu bepali kufuneka ube malunga 70-80 cm, kunye nobunzulu -. 0.5 m Ukuba izithole eziliqela iya kulinywa kunye, umgama phakathi kwabo kufuneka ibe kwiimitha ezi-3. Kubalulekile ukulungisa umhlaba, iyenza otyebileyo nokunesondlo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, umhadi esandul 'wemba ukwenza umgquba 8 kg wamatye ngokongeza umxube 100 g zomthi uthuthu. Le imveliso zomgquba, ungenza kutshintshwa kuze kufakwe isichumiso entsonkothileyo, kuqulethe 200 g superphosphate kunye kongezwe 80 g potassium sulfate. Le ncwadi asidi yazise 50 g kwekalika Lutho. Umxube lomhlaba kunye nesichumiso zixutywe ngokupheleleyo kwaye agalelwa emhadini. Xa iziko enze induli encinci kwaye wabeka umthi yakhe, ngobunono smoothing inkqubo ingcambu.

Kwicala ngasezantsi faka isikhonkwane ukuya isithombo luzinzile kwaye ndiwaphule zemimoya ngesiquphe umoya. Ambelwe igcwele umhlaba ngokulungelelana zizondlo, umthi ngeli xesha kufuneka angcangcazele kancinane emhlabeni ezaliswe zonke imigodi phakathi iingcambu. Awukwazi kungcwaba ingcambu njengomqala ukuthintela ukubola yayo. Kufuneka ube 6 cm ngaphezulu komgangatho ophantsi. Xa isityalo liphelile, kukho amanzi amaninzi isityalo. Ukuze wenze oku kufuneka 2-3 amabhakethi amanzi, awawaphalazayo imithi, ngaphambili yenziwe ukuba kukho umsantsa emxinwa ukuba lula okunkcenkceshela. Kubalulekile ukuba yokunyakamisa rhoqo umhlaba ujikeleza umthi ngexesha nyanga zishushu, oku kubhekisela imithi omdala, kungenjalo ungaphulukana ngokupheleleyo kuvuna iziqhamo ziya kuqalisa ukuqhekeza kwaye ziyawa. ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo ayafuneka ngexesha isicwangciso isiqhamo, engamzondi yayisel 'ityatyambile.

Emva koko Khama imfuneko ukubophelela isikhonkwane, kwaye umhlaba ngeenxa zamulchirovat umgquba inkunkuma, kwimbuphu yesarha, wamatye okanye ezinye izinto. Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, izithole kwakhona kufuneka yamanzi amaninzi. Plum Greengage ifama - ukufuma-onothando ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye uninzi kwemithi ezi zilwanyana. Nge ukunkcenkceshelwa asanelanga, umhlaba ngeenxa nditshaye kunye yellowing amagqabi kunye neqalayo ukuze bawe. Imali ngokupheleleyo wamanzi - xa amanzi ingena emhlabeni-40 cm Ngenxa yokuba kubalulekile ukuba kufuma imithi ugcine yicoce, ukuphelisa ingca kunye nokungcola -. Kuya kukunceda ugcine amanzi emhlabeni. Enye imithetho okugunyazisiweyo unakekelo ingqalelo neplam umhlaba ziba rhoqo macala. Ezigcinayo isityalo evela ukhula kwaye ke nokuthintela izinambuzane.

Uyakwazi hombisa imithi usebenzisa iteyiphu ezidla, kodwa hayi Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise metal okanye iibhloko eziphathekayo. Kubalulekile ukususa rhoqo ukukhula extra - malunga 5 amaxesha ngexesha ngalinye, kungenjalo isivuno liyehla, ngokuba ngamasebe zifuna izondlo ubasuse kwisityalo kunina. Sika phandle ngokupheleleyo, kungasali ezibolayo, wonqanyulwa, isiza zigqithiswe igadi pitch. Yiwa uwele emhlabeni wonke wemba up. Ukunkcenkceshela iyakuvingca ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, kungenjalo amahlumelo ziya kuqhubeka ukukhula, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ingqalelo iimeko zemozulu kwaye ulungise emikhumbini yamanzi, ngokuxhomekeke kuwo. Kwiminyaka owomileyo, umthi ngcono ukuqhubeka okunkcenkceshela de kuneqabaka kuqala.

yokuvundisa efanele

Plum ukutyebisa iqala entlakohlaza ekuqaleni. Kodwa ngokuthenga kwesithole, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela iimeko ezizodwa olithabathayo iingcambu kunye ngokobutyebi fruited. Ukutyala hole ilungiselwe kwangaphambili ngoku ngeza organic isichumiso, superphosphate kunye potassium sulfate. Substances eziqulathe nitrogen lenziwa. Qala ukondla Plum emthini kuqala unyaka ozayo emva kokutyala.

Ummandla apho umthi ufumana izondlo - malunga 9 m ^2. amaxesha 3 ngonyaka kwaye kwimihlaba nezondlo-kumahlwempu ingcambu lokondla Plum wenza umanyolo eziphilayo, umgquba okanye nomgquba emele 2 m ^2. Kuba imveliso zomgquba, ungadibanisa superphosphate. NgoMatshi-Epreli, xa wood lalingekaqalisi okwentyatyambo kwi imithi ukwenza 1 m ² 20 g Ammonium Nitrate kunye urea. Xa iziqhamo obegalelwe, ndigalele umgquba kunye nitrophosphate urea, ukungenisa 30 g. Emva ukususwa yesityalo wondla kwakhona superphosphate kunye potassium sulfate. isichumiso yokugqibela isicelo ekwindla, awudibanisi ukuya nokwakheka nitrogen.

ukuthenwa Plum

ukuthenwa olululo kunceda ukulawula ubungakanani kunye isongo yemveliso iziqhamo kunye nobungakanani mthi, kwakunye iyaluthintela uphuhliso izifo. Amahlumelo izithole athenwa enye wesithathu, ukukhuthaza isithsaba inqaku lencwadi. Ukuze lungisa amasebe nabantwana, akukho umngcipheko iintlobo fruiting kufuneka ingqalelo a phawu kuwo: uninzi iziqhamo sibethelelwe kwi amahlumelo buketnye, yaye kuphela nje ezimbalwa - kunyaka ophelileyo.

Nomthi osandul 'ukutyalwa ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka adibane, ukusika amasebe, eshiya 4-6 kuphela yokuphuma skeletal. Xa abadala izityalo ziyasuswa amasebe baphikele emhlabeni phantsi ubunzima iziqhamo. Rhoqo emva kweminyaka 3 amahlumelo ziphambili zisikwe kwisinye esithathwini ubude kweentsizana - asuswe, eshiya kuphela ngqo kwaye womelele. Kuyimfuneko ukuba siziqaphele phezulu kwaye bhidisa kuzo kunye namasebe ngamandla xa uwashiye. ukuthenwa Sanitary nayo kwakufuneka ukuthintela ukusasazeka izinambuzane ezonakalisa izityalo kunye nezifo. Crown thinned izigulane ezisusiweyo kunye namasebe ezaphukileyo namahlumela non-ukuzala.

Plum Greengage uqalisa ukwakha ifama kufuneka babe sekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kunye kokwindla bengengabo, kungekhona ukwenzakalisa imithi. Ukuba ufuna ukususa yinxalenye umthi, musa ukuyishiya ezibolayo, ukusika yonke emhlabeni. Xa ukukhula ngonyaka baqalisa ukuba ukwehla kakhulu, Namagatya ngu- iinkuni kunyaka-emibini. Kodwa ukwazi nje kunqunyulwa baninzi amasebe, okanye idreyini unako kulahleka. Kuba kanye isuswe akukho ngaphezu ikota yonke isithsaba. Nomphakamo 2.5 yeemitha izithole aqale ukunciphisa ukukhula nkqo ukuba amasebe ngakumbi onabileyo, yaye kubo kwelanga ngcono. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuphuhlisa amasebe lateral.

Xa umthi utyelwe, isebe ephantsi kuthenwa ukuya kidney elungileyo ukususa incam kunye amathupha ongaphuhliswanga kwi inxalenye ephezulu yokukhula. Zonke ezinye Amahlumelo banqunyulwe emazantsi. Uyakwazi ukuvula amasebe, musa iwele inxalenye skeletal isithsaba, xa poluskeletnye, xa wagawulwa kuzo ngakumbi kakhulu, ukugoba, iyisa ibe kwindawo bethana. zingenziwa banzi ukuba bagawula amahlamvu engundoqo ngamasebe yesibini-oda, apho utsaleleka kwi icala esikhondweni The isithsaba emxinwa.

Ukulungiselela ubusika

Greengage efama - omnye kakhulu ebusika-singapheli iintlobo aba. Lubonakala yi umsebenzi obalaseleyo wokunyamezela. abadala ukuqanda eqhelekileyo Plum kulula ukwenza yaye phantse ngaphandle yokuhlala ngumkhenkce kancinci nkqu kubanda kakhulu. Kodwa izithole abangakhange lukhuni, ngoko bafuna indawo yokusithela eyongezelelweyo ebusika. amaqondo aphantsi ukuze ungayonakalisi imithi ethe: zabo xa igqunyiwe cover umaleko esisesweni kunye ngemisipres ngeziqu amasebe nespruce. Xa ntolovelo kakhulu maxa wambi ngumkhenkce amasebe ezincinane kancinane izityalo aqolileyo, kodwa phantse akukho ukusebenza ixesha fruiting, ngokuqhelekileyo izityalo zifunyanwe ngalo nyaka. Le iindidi Plum - omnye kakhulu ukumelana iqabaka kunye notshintsho lobushushu ngesiquphe.

Kukho enye indlela zokulungiselela yasebusika isithombo: ngolwakhiwo kwisakhiwo somthi phezu yesikhokelo arcuate, wazigquma phezulu iindiza hay kwaye fixed ngokusebenzisa intambo okanye twine. Snow uya kuba isifudumezi ezongezelelweyo, ngokuba ngokuthembekileyo isakhiwo uya kukhusela mijelo nxamnye iqabaka kunye iidrafti. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa ezinye izinto egubungele. Isiqu Umthi kucetyiswa ukuba azisongele yokugquma, umzekelo, nenayiloni. Oku kuya kusikhusela lokugabadela kwasezidolo- iimpuku shtamb kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezincinane.

zokuthintela izifo

Plum Greengage ifama, ukutyala kunye nokhathalelo leyo ayikho nzima, phantse abawuthobeli zizifo ezinzwaneni yena bangaphathwa izifo kuphela kwiminyaka ezimanzi. Wood uqinile ku GUMMOSIS. Kuba prophylaxis yenziwa ukuthenwa ekuvuseleleni: izigulana kunye namasebe eyomileyo, amagqabi kunye neziqhamo qhawulwa ze zitshiswe. Kubangela ndabona bahlabeka zonakalisa ngayo kwelizwi egadini okanye umxube kwekalika kunye sulfate ubhedu. Phambi kokuba amagqabi wokuqala kwentwasahlobo, yonke imithi itshizwe kunye nesisombululo bolwelo Bordeaux, kwaye unyango oluqhutywa ekwindla ka urea ukunciphisa ingozi klyasterosporioza. Kubalulekile ukuba bathobele imiqathango processing kunye nokuthintela kwiintsuku ezingama-30 phambi kokuba kuvunwe.

Pest Control

Izinambuzane nabantwana ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka iziqhamo phantsi amaxolo. Kuyingozi kakhulu kwiintlobo kwifama Greengage Plum borer inundu. Ingakumbi abachatshazelwe zezi izinambuzane buthathaka zityalo, umzekelo, emva kokuba fruiting enzima. Ukuqala ukujongana izinambuzane nabantwana kufuneka babe sekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo: imithi iyeza iziyobisi ezikhethekileyo izihlandlo eziliqela, ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lophuhliso mibungu. Ukuphelisa badliwe ngenxa isiphumo best zabanjwa malunga 5 unyango kunye umahluko leentsuku ezili-10. umsebenzi olungileyo kunye nemigibe ezincangathi, ezenziwe ezirhwexayo, othintelo indibano awile, ziba rhoqo umhlaba. Xa umthi uvelisa isiqhamo esibi, ukucoca rhoqo phezulu izinambuzane Plum umonakalo ngaphakathi, ukuqokelela uzitshise. Nundu balala endaweni amaxolo emithi, kuba ufuna ukususa kwimimandla exfoliated rhoqo. Kumakhaya zabucala Kucetyiswa unyango ekhuselekileyo izinto zabantu eziphilayo, kwaye musa ukusebenzisa imichiza. Ngoko iziqhamo akayi ziqulathe ukungcola eziyingozi.

Ifama eqokelelweyo yaseRenkloed - iindidi ze-plums eziqhelekileyo, ezingekho phantsi kobuninzi kwiimvumi ezininzi zanamhlanje. Umthi ubonakala ngokunyuka kobusika obunzima, obaluleke kakhulu xa ukhula kwiindawo ezibandayo. Iindidi zihlolwe lixesha kwaye zisasafuneka ngabahlali behlobo. Ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo, unyaka ngamnye ngexesha lonyaka unokuqokelela isivuno esinobutyebi kwaye ujabulele iziqhamo ezimnandi.