Diesel Wha: zento emayenziwe kunye nohlaziyo

Enye yezinto iintsilelo ezingundoqo kushishino Russian lweemoto kukungabikho zinobunzima iimoto diesel. Ngenxa zabenzi wengingqi kufuneka ukuba basebenzise noogxa bamanye amazwe. Uphuhliso kwezi iinjini baqalisa kuphela kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yokugqibela, kwaye ukhetho ubunzima aliveli. Okulandelayo, sicinga iimoto diesel Vaz.

ngumba

Iimoto lokuqala zovavanyo diesel wabonakala eYurophu kwi 30. leminyaka yokugqibela. Kwi-USSR, oku kwenzeka kamva, ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela.

Okokuqala, le yunithi amandla kunzima kakhulu ukwenza xa kuthelekiswa kunye noogxa epetroli.

Okwesibini, diesels elo xesha kakhulu kwasilela emva komsebenzi.

Okwesithathu, Motors Local esiwisile intsebenzo ezimbi: kwinqanaba eliphezulu ingxolo, iingxaki lokulayita, ukhathalelo lwendalo ephantsi.

Okwesine, ngelo xesha ipetroli waba ngexabiso kakhulu, ngoko abanye oomatshini enzima yafakwa kunye injini epetroli. Ngokutsho diesels izizathu ikakhulu ezisetyenziswa koomatshini enzima, apho eyenziwayo iinjini ipetroli ngenxa phezulu-torque.

Enye imoto yokuqala yiSoviet abakhweli, ufumane injini diesel, yaba ndingaz-21, yaye analogue yayo kumazwe angaphandle, kwi-60s. umatshini Belgian afakelwe embodiments eziliqela iinjini umoya wokwenziwa amazwe.

In imi--70. Oko yaqala ukusasazwa esebenzayo ye diesel iimoto ezincinane kunye neeklasi eliphakathi. Isizathu esiyintloko yaba amandla nengxaki ka-1973 Cars & Motors Local ngu savela kakhulu. Bathi bona bangcono epetroli kunoogxa ngokwemiqathango ukusebenza kwalo ngokuphindwe 1.5-2, ngenxa ngamandla ngakumbi iinxalenye. Performance kwakhona kwandiswa ngokusetyenziswa turbines.

diesel lokuqala vazovskiy

Kwi iVolga Automobile Plant ukuphuhlisa iinjini idizili njengezibonelo abakhweli kwaqala 80s. Abayili, kwagqitywa ukwakha isithuthi kunye ipetroli eveliswe amacandelo zobuchwepheshe le, iprojekthi olungqiniweyo ngomhla 2108. Xa phambi kwabo kwakukho ingxaki yokungabikho kwezixhobo kukudla iinjini diesel iimoto abakhweli.

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokuba block 2103 wadala powerplant esesibhakabhakeni Vaz-341 umthamo Iilitha 1.45 kunye neelitha 55. a. Eyahluke design precombustion kuthetha na indawo piston carburetion, kwaye egumbini eyahlukileyo. Electronics emsebenzini. Ukusasazwa amafutha kwi iisilinda bayithwala impompo yamafutha koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Xa uyilo, i-diesel Vaz efanayo Ford Motors kunye Volkswagen ekuqaleni sharing-80. Oku kukhankanywe ukuba injini kunye isampuli yokugqibela sele uzithatha kuphuhliso.

Ngokutsho iziphumo kwaqinisekisa ukuba akwamkelekanga ukusebenzisa i 'ipetroli "kwamalungu esiqhelo. Diesel Vaz, njengamanye Motors lohlobo ebonakala ukwanda imithwalo ngenxa umlinganiselo ucinezelo ephakamileyo. Ngenxa yoko into eninzi izinto oswele amandla, ingakumbi indlela igeza kunye neqela piston. Le meko sibi uvakalelo lokuvelisa eliphantsi.

Ngokusekelwe kule, ngowe-1984, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukudala diesel ilitha 1.7 esekelwe Vaz-2106 kusetyenziswa izinto 21083.

Ngowe-1986 wadala inguqulo turbocharged ka 3411 umthamo iilitha 65. a. no 114 NM, waza wakhululwa ezimbini ixhotyiswe ngayo, "Niva" kunye isalathisi ka 21215. Noko ke, bethe mabaphume ukuze kungekudala.

Sekunjalo, Vaz-2105 kunye yinjini 341-m wafumana iimvavanyo karhulumente isalathiso 21055, uye waphunyezwa 1986-1988, Noko ke, nangona yokumanya motor kunye ipetroli, imoto andifumananga ndabaleka kwimveliso. Oku kungenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Enye engundoqo - yokunqongophala kwenkxaso-mali karhulumente.

iinjini series diesel

kwixesha elizayo ukuze uphuhliso iinjini diesel Wha wathabatha ngo-1996 with "Barnaultransmash". Imigaqo intsebenziswano kucingelwa ukuba isityalo yesibini iya kuvelisa iiyunithi ngamandla kuphuhliso Vaz. intsapho iinjini amathathu sele yenziwe.

Yaba lokuqala motor 341-th, banda 1.52 iilitha levolyum. injini 343 ngakumbi kakuhle waba umthamo neelitha 1.8. Eyona ndlela kakhulu ezinamandla - Yeyona Vaz diesel efanayo exhotyiswe IHI injini, kunye kwisalathiso 3431. Le iinjini afumene izixhobo amafutha Bosch.

Ngokuhambelana nale liphuhlise uluhlu zokuguqulwa diesel of iimodeli ezisemgangathweni. iinjini ezinjalo ziyilelwe ukuba kusetyenziswa izithuthi ngevangeli. Ngenxa yoko, 21045 kunye 21048 iinqwelo izicwangciso ukuze kuxhotyiswe aspirated embodiments 341 no 343, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Kwi i "Fields" 21215-50 kwaye 21215-70 ukuba kufakelwe ilitha 1.8 ngokwendalo aspirated kwaye turbocharged iinjini, ngokulandelelana, kwi Vaz-21315 - 3431 kuphela.

Ngowe-2000 Barnaul Plant ubuchule ukuveliswa iinjini idizili, iinkcukacha, kunye nokuveliswa nge pilot laqala lofakelo injini diesel Vaz-2104 kunye 2105. Ezi zithuthi ziveliswa ngokwamaqela amancinane.

Nangona baqhube kakubi, ezimotweni wasondela. Kuba owayethozamile yokusebenza yepetroli unit amandla ukuncipha nemiba akuzange ingakumbi ebalulekileyo le mifuziselo, kodwa uqoqosho aye anda kakhulu. Ngelo xesha linye i-injini waba ingxaki efanayo njengoko zokuqala 341 idizili Vaz th: ngenxa amandla ephantsi zomatshini zeqela piston kwaba elifutshane-babehlala kakhulu. ubomi injini kwaba 30-40 amawaka. Km. Akuba ofunekayo mileage loo yokulungisa idizili Vaz, owakhiwa ekutshintshweni lombhobho kunye neqela piston le.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iingxaki ezininzi zobugcisa iye yasonjululwa, oko kukhokelele ekwandeni injini kwalo. Noko ke, ngo-2003, Vaz-21045 wasuswa imveliso. Eziseleyo iinjini 500 Vaz-341 ezifakwe ekungena kuzo, wafumana isalathiso 21055. Zizonke wavelisa malunga 6,000 iimoto diesel ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-3.

Izizathu zokusilela

ngobuninzi iimoto abakhweli diesel basilele ukuseka, ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Eyona of them - unprofitability nokukhululwa iinjini ezinjalo ngenxa loyilo lixesha kakhulu. I-injini waba inkqubo precombustion efanayo njengoko yokuqala kwase 341-th, kwaye kwasilela ngokumandla emva oothixo mihla ukusebenza kunye nobuhlobo esingqongileyo. Ukuze kufikelelwe intsebenzo eyamkelekileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ukudala uyilo eyahlukileyo injini. Uphuhliso Independent ingqalelo engeluncedo lwanto, kunye namaqabane zobugcisa kuba oku. Ukongeza, iimveliso zithengiswa kakuhle Vaz ngaphandle diesel.

iinjini waboleka

Ekubeni kwakungekho efanelekileyo umkhweli mass diesel Vaz ngokuphindaphindiweyo ebolekiweyo kwicala motor.

Ngoko ke, ngo-1981, oko ingqalelo amathuba zokuguqula ipetroli injini Vaz-2121 ekuthatheni inxaxheba diesel Porche.

Ukususela 1987 ukuya 1990 kumenzi ngokudibene ongenisa waseJamani Deutsche Lada iphuhlise isicwangciso ukwenza uhlobo kumazwe ye Niva kunye kwiyunithi ngamandla Volkswagen. Nangona kunjalo, le nkampani wala ukuqhelana ilitha 1.9 injini yayo Niva eqongeni.

Ngowe-1993 wakwazi ukuseka intsebenziswano ngendlela efanayo Peugeot. Asebeze French ongenisa uJean Nangona umenzi ziyihlengahlengisile injini 1.9L XUD-9L ukuba ufakelo kwi Vaz-2121. oomatshini umenzi benza "Lada-Export". Kukho ziqhele kunikelwa "Niva", yaye injini standard kubekwa isiFrentshi. Total wavelisa malunga 6,000 izithuthi ezifana eFransi, eSpeyin, Italy kunye nezinye iimarike zaseYurophu.

Ngaphezu koko, ku Italy, "Martorelli" zixhotyiswe nge "Niva" motor VM kunye FNM.

Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokuqaliswa kwemigangatho yemo engqongileyo Euro-2 imveliso amancinci diesel "Neve" lugqityiwe.

Ngowe-1998, kunye ne-Peugeot and "Martorelli" Vaz wazama ukuba kumiswe ukuvelisa "Fields" kunye motor Peugeot XUD-9SD. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi kwakufuneka ukumiswa ngenxa yokwaziswa kwemigangatho Euro-3.

Ukongezelela, ukususela ngowe-1995 ukuya 1997, PSA TDU5 injini evela Peugeot 106 Citroen Saxo enezihlomelo zeqela lesithathu kwaye ifakwe yokuqala ukuyinyusa Samara emakethe French kunye namazwe Benelux.

uphando lwakutshanje

Ngo-2007, Chevrolet Niva ku ngamnye imfuno "Theme Plus" icwangcisa motor FNM.

Ngo-2014, Lada 4x4 babezam ilitha 1.3 75 hp. a. motor Kwiat Multijet. Kulo mzekelo, kwaba aluhambisani ngokukhutshelwa torque umda okanye nokufakelwa busebenze analog ukuba CAN-bus.

cars super walukhenketha ithuba ukulungiselelwa "Lada" 4x4 ilitha 1.5 idizili injini evela Renault idasta ngo- 2015. Ukongeza, imoto Esalingwayo zidalwe-100 enjini 1.8 ilitha injini.

Uyilo lwe iinjini diesel

Basic unit amandla series wadala ngokunyusa injini yokuqala 341-th Vaz: diesel yanyuswa nge-4 mm piston ezikuyo (84 mm). Nale mali liye landa ukusuka kwiilitha 1.45 ukuya 1.52. intloko Cylinder eyenziwe-aluminiyam, lo bushing sikhokelo, isihlalo vana - cast zentsimbi yokwayama ezifakelwa ukutshiswa exutyiweyo - le superalloy. mechanism distribution Gas loans ukusuka Vaz-2108. indlela Ukusebenza yama valve umphezulu elektropereplava. Crankshaft - ukususela 2103 nokonyuka nokumelana ukuqina bandlala kuvunyelwane. nokoma Ukwanda lobume ukulahlwa 2103. amakhandlela zigqengezelayo olufakelweyo. Motor ukuziqalela exhobele amandla 1.7 kW (1.9 e Vaz-21055). Oku kufuneka eliphezulu-amandla ibhetri (AA iiyure ezingama-60 okanye 65). Ngaphezu koko, efakiweyo impompo yamafutha Bosch nempompo cleaner ukwenza emoyeni esi somelezi wayaphula.

Kukho deforsirovan ukuguqulwa 3413 ezenzelwe iitrektara compact kunye zombane drive. Ukusuka yesiqhelo motor 341-th i umda ezahlukeneyo isantya ubuninzi ku-3000 endaweni ka 4800.

1.8 iinjini ilitha wadala ngokwandisa ubukhulu isilinda 76 ukuya 82 mm.

Kukho turbocharged wobeko ilitha 1.45 injini 341 (3411) kunye Vaz-343 (3431 kunye samanzi IHI)

iimpawu technical

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, ngenxa yokuba uyilo ugugile Vaz-341 abe imveliso eliphantsi xa kuthelekiswa analogs baloo maxesha. umthamo wayo iilitha 54. a. ngo 4600 Rev / min, lo torque - 92 NM kwi 2300 Rev / min. Oko kukuthi, nkqu kwiziphawuli yesibini, linika indlela enjinini petroli (103 NM kwi Vaz-21043). Osenyangweni-torque ngesantya ephantsi ngomnye yokusebenza yemizobo nokuphungulwa ratio nezixhobo.

Version 3413 derated ukuba iilitha-32. a. -3000 Rev / min.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezisebenzayo 1.8 L diesel Vaz: iinkcukacha ukwenza iilitha 65. a. ngo 4600 Rev / min kunye 114 NM ngo 2500 Rev / min.

ngobuwena turbocharged iphuhlise 80 l. a. ngo 4600 Rev / min kunye 147 NM ngo 2500 r / min.

iimoto diesel

Ukufakela injini diesel kwi Vaz-2104 lwaqhutywa kwiSebe ukulungiswa kunye nokulungiswa Vaz iimoto. imveliso Pilot yaqala ngo-1998, ukukhupha inyanda koomatshini 50 341-m diesel (21045).

Kamva baqalisa ukumvavanya umatshini kunye injini 343-th (21048) kunye ukhumbuzo yayo (resource wazama ukwandisa ukuya ku-150 lamawaka. Km). Kwacetywa ukuseta imveliso ngo-2005, kodwa akuphumelelanga.

Vaz-21315 beliselilunge kokukhululwa ngo-2002, kodwa ayisebenzi.

iimpawu

Diesel wagon features ezinye iimpawu zoyilo ukusuka ipetroli Vaz-2104. Diesel ngenxa ngobuninzi enkulu ifuna ukuseka kuqiniswe phambi ukumiswa entwasahlobo. pair Main yaye yathathwa 4.1 ukuya 3.9. Ukuze kubuyekezelwe ingxolo lanyuka ukusuka injini diesel efakwe kwi injini igumbi elongezelelweyo yokugquma isandi (ukukhusela ukwesona kunye nezindlu). pipe exhaust isongiwe yomtya ukuze kuthintelwe ungcoliseko kwesibane umlotha ekunene. Kwidashboard kwakukho ukukhanya kwiplagi zokufudumeza isibane kwaye isitshixo se imbawula amafutha lokucoca ulwelo (kule meko ke kungekhona isibane).

reviews

Kungekudala emva iintatheli "ivili" wagon onamava Vaz idizili. Ukuphonononga ukubonisa ngaphezulu self-yokusebenza injini xa ingadumeli eliphantsi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukungena phantsi indlela inokuba izixhobo 5, kunye ne-30 km / h uqala saliphosa egudileyo. Xa uqhuba ukudla, phezu koko, kufuneka batshintshele rhoqo ngaphezu imoto ipetroli, ngenxa kwisibini main iyanqanyulwa. Ngoko ke naliphi na meko Dynamics imoto diesel kukuba kude ngasemva. Kuphela ngesantya esisezantsi, inzuzo okungephi.

Kukukhawuleziswa ku ipetroli 100 km / h Vaz-2104 ngokukhawuleza 8. Ngaphandle umatshini diesel obuphantsi ukuya kwesona santya siphezulu-13 km / h. Xa uqhu- siStrowuku ukusuka 20 ukuya kwi-90 km / h ngaphantsi kwe umsantsa (3 imizuzwana). Ukongeza, ncomo iincwadi "Ubhaqo", diesel wehlisa awasabela ngayo emoto.

Ngokumalunga kwinqanaba ingxolo ophezulu, nto leyo idla ebalasele injini enjalo, idizili Vaz phezulu kakhulu kwi idle (6-8 dB (A)). Nge umahluko ukuvukelwa ukwandisa kuncitshiswa 3.1 dB (A), ize ithi shwaka.

Iziphumo zovavanyo Intatheli bafumana umahluko-10% kwi amafutha avareji kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, inzuzo yemali yokusebenzisa i injini diesel kunye ixabiso amafutha imoto ngelo xesha uvavanyo yaba 36%. Ziintatheli ibalwe ukuba enkulu $ 1,300 iindleko matshini kuyavuza 180 lamawaka. Km.

Ingxelo ekuboneni Vaz-21048, kulwenze wadandulukayo elungeleleneyo ngakumbi yaye, enkosi kakhulu eliphezulu-torque, likuvumela ukuba ushintshele ngaphantsi kakhulu.

Nge injini enye wabonisa kakuhle ngokwayo "Niva", ingakumbi off-endleleni.

Vaz-3411 wajika injini efanayo umlinganiswa 2121. Njengoko kunye injini petroli, oko kubonakala kakhulu ngokwayo ngesantya esiphezulu. Xa ngesantya esisezantsi lugxile ungaphantsi ngakumbi abo Vaz-21213, ukuba libizwa kwiinqwelo ukubambezeleka.

ukusebenza

Ngenxa ubunzima enzima injini le moto Vaz-21045 landile ukuya 1.06 m (40 kg xa kuthelekiswa 21043), iyonke - ku 1,515. Ngokutsho kumenzi, kukukhawuleziswa ku-100 km / h ngo-23 umzuzwana (6 ngaphezulu), isantya esiphezulu - 125 km / h (ngaphantsi kwama-18 km / h). amafutha seelitha 5.2 ngo-90 km / hr, 7.5 ilitha kwi-120 km / h and 6.2 l kwindawo ezidolophini (7, 9.9, 9.8 L ngo-21043, ngokulandelelanayo).

Lo matshini kunye nemiba 343-m motor kufutshane kwenqwelo yepetroli Vaz. 1.8 ilitha Diesel inikeza unikezelo kwi-100 km / h imizuzwana 19 ngesantya esiphezulu of 133 km / h.

Ukukhawuleziswa Vaz-21215-50 ukuya ku-100 km / h ngo-25 ubudala, lo uqina obukhulu 127 km / h kuyo 19 137 km / h babe 21213.

Vaz-21215-70 ngenxa Dynamics unikezelo ilingana zePetroli "Field" kwaye libe lisalele ngesantya ubuninzi km 7 / h.