Cytostatics - ntoni na? uluhlu lwamachiza

arhente Cytotoxic - arhente leyo kade phantsi inkqubo sisahlula cell. Ukugcina ubomi kumzimba ngokusekelwe isakhono zaso ahlulelane, ngelixa iiseli ezintsha uthathe indawo endala, ubudala, ngokulandelelana, ziyafa. Isantya yale nkqubo yezinto eziphilayo kumiselwa ukuze umzimba wawuxhaswe ulungelelwano okungqongqo iiseli, apho kuyamangalisa ukuba ngamnye organ inkqubo yokucolwa ingeniso ngamazinga ahlukeneyo.

Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha izinga kwisahlulo iseli kuba kukhulu kakhulu, iiseli ezindala Andinaxesha kufa. Ngoko ke ukuyilwa yamathumba, ngamanye amazwi - ngamathumba. Yaba ngeli xesha kuba efanelekileyo umbuzo cytostatics - ntoni na nendlela kunceda unyango lomhlaza. Kwaye ukuba ukuwuphendula, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo yonke imiba eli qela iziyobisi.

Cytostatics kunye Oncology

Kwiimeko ezininzi kule yezonyango ukusetyenziswa cytostatics kwenzeka entsimini of Oncology, ukuze yokukhula kancinane ithumba. Ngexesha unyango, eli chiza nefuthe zonke iiseli zomzimba, ngaloo ndlela behlise phantsi nethe kwenzeka kuzo zonke izihlunu. Kodwa kuphela yamathumba elinobuhlungu kwesiphumo cytostatics okuvakaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngokuthi sehlise izinga progression somhlaza.

Cytostatics neenkqubo sokuhlasela

Kwakhona, arhente cytotoxic esetyenziswa unyango lwezifo samathambo, ngenxa yomsebenzi zophendlo lwezifo kwamajoni omzimba izilwa-buhlungu kutshabalalisa awakwazi ukuba zingene kwinyama zomzimba kunye neeseli. ukusebenza kweeseli on lomongo wethambo, ukunciphisa umsebenzi sifo, apho sifo unethuba ukuya kuxolelwe.

Ngoko ke, amachiza cytotoxic ezisetyenziswa zifo zilandelayo:

• yamathumba umhlaza amabi, xa usaqala;
• lymphoma;
• wegazi;
• zomzimba lupus;
• samathambo;
• vasculitis;
• syndrome Sjogren kaThixo;
• scleroderma.

Kokuba esithathele ingqalelo izinto ezibonisa ukuba ulwamkelo ichiza kunye indlela yeziphumo yayo emzimbeni, oko kucaca njengoko umsebenzi cytostatics, yintoni na, yaye xa kufuneka zisetyenziswe.

iintlobo cytostatics

Cytostatics, ezidweliswe ngezantsi, akukho ziphelela kwezi ndidi, kodwa kulisiko ukwahlula ezi ndidi 6 iziyobisi.

1. Le alkylating arhente kweeseli - arhente ukuba uyakwazi ukonakalisa i-DNA ye iiseli obubonakala ngokuba izinga eliphezulu ngokucandeka. Nangona iqondo eliphezulu ngobuchule, iziyobisi nzima-ukunyamezeleka, kuquka iziphumo zonyango badla ke ngezifo wesibindi, nezintso njengoko iinkqubo eziphambili product. Ngokusebenzisa ezinjalo iquka:

• lwemostade;
• yezabelo nitrourea;
• alkyl;
• ethylenimines.

2. sezakhi, agents cytotoxic imvelaphi sisityalo - iimveliso legalelo efanayo, kodwa sisincoko yendalo:

• taxanes;
• sezakhi vinca;
• podophyllotoxins.

3. arhente Cytotoxic, antimetabolites - iziyobisi zinqanda izinto abathatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ithumba Ukwakheka, ngaloo ndlela ukuyeka ukukhula kwayo:

• abamelene folate;
• purine analogue;
• abamelene pyrimidine.

4.Tsitostatiki-amagciwane - arhente elwa umsebenzi antitumor:

• anthracyclines.

5. arhente Cytotoxic, iihomoni - amachiza umhlaza ezinciphisa imveliso hormone athile.

• progestins;
• antiestrogens;
• estrogen;
• antiandrogens;
• inhibitor aromatase.

6. antibodies Monoclonal - izilwa zamntu twatse Ngokwenjenje xandzukela iiseli ezithile, kulo mzekelo - ngamathumba.

amalungiselelo

Cytostatics, uluhlu neziyobisi thaca ngezantsi, zikhutshwa kuphela amayeza kwaye la mayeza aselwa kuphela kwiimeko engqongqo:

• "Cyclophosphamide";
• "Tamoxifen";
• "Flutamide";
• "Sulfasalazine";
• "Chlorambucil";
• "Azathioprine";
• "Temozolomide";
• "Hydroxychloroquine";
• "Methotrexate".

Uluhlu iziyobisi eyayiza ezingangeniyo kwinkcazelo "arhente cytostatic" ibanzi kakhulu, kodwa ke ezi amachiza kumiselwe ngoogqirha rhoqo. Amalungiselelo zikhethwa ngabanye isigulane ngenyameko, ugqirha ucacisela isigulane ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga cytostatics kunokubangela, yintoni na nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba niphambuke kubo.

imiphumela emibi

inkqubo yoxilongo kufuneka ukuqinisekisa ubukho umntu sisifo esibi apho unyango kufuneka cytostatics. ichazwa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga la machiza ngokucacileyo kakhulu, azikho kakubi kuphela zivunwe izigulane, kodwa baphathe ezinokubeka impilo yabantu emngciphekweni. Ngamanye amazwi, ukufumana amachiza cytotoxic - kuba usoloko unomngcipheko omkhulu, kodwa Oncology kunye nezifo samathambo, umngcipheko yokunqongophala konyango ingaphezulu umngcipheko iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eli ichiza.

Isiphumo ezingundoqo cytostatics na ifuthe layo elibi ngumongo wethambo, kwaye yiyo yonke inkqubo hematopoietic. Ezinomsebenzi elide, nto leyo edla okufunekayo nothomalaliso umhlaza nangezilonda, kunye neenkqubo samathambo, mhlawumbi uphuhliso wegazi.

Kodwa ukuba igazi somhlaza unako ukuthintelwa, ukutshintsha ukwakhiwa igazi ekugqibeleni ingachaphazela ukusebenza kwazo zonke iinkqubo. Ukuba viscosity ukwanda egazini, izintso ayachaphazeleka, njengoko inwebu glomerular kukho umthwalo omkhulu, ngenxa yokuba zibe yonakele.

Ngexesha ulwamkelo cytostatics kufuneka zilungele kwimpilo isigxina amahlwempu. Abaguli walityhutyha kwikhondo unyango neli qela, qaphela imvakalelo rhoqo ukuba buthathaka, ukozela, ukungakwazi ingqalelo umsebenzi. Phakathi izikhalazo oqhelekileyo intloko ebuhlungu, akhoyo ngokuqhubekekayo yaye kunzima ziphetshwe analgesics.

Abafazi kwisithuba lonyango lidla ujongene ukunyhashwa sexesheni kunye nokungakwazi ukukhawula umntwana.

Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokwetyisa sibonakalalisiwe isicaphucaphu kunye norhudo. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kubangela ngumnqweno wemvelo ukuze athintele ukudla nokunciphisa isixa ekudleni, nto leyo ekhokelela anorexia.

Not yingozi empilweni, kodwa zineziphumo ezibi zamachiza cytostatic kukulahlekelwa kweenwele entlokweni nomzimba. Emva kokuba isiphelo kwekhosi, njengoko umthetho, ukukhula iinwele iqalise.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kunokwenzeka ukugxininisa ukuba impendulo yombuzo cytostatics - ntoni na, iqulathe ulwazi kuphela malunga iingenelo olu hlobo iziyobisi, kodwa umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo nentlalo-ntle ngexesha isicelo layo.

imithetho Ukwamkelwa cytostatics

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kweeseli kunefuthe elingqalileyo umsebenzi kwamajoni omzimba, ziyibuyisela kuyo. Ngoko ke, ngethuba umntu uba basengozini naluphi na usuleleko.

Ukuthintela usuleleko, kufuneka athobele onke amanyathelo okhuseleko abonakale kwiindawo zoqhaphelo olukhulu yabantu, anxibe zokuzikhusela igozi umhlabelo kwaye usebenzise iindlela zasekuhlaleni wokhuseleko wesi (ngamafutha oxolinic) ukuphepha emzimbeni. Ukuba usulelo usulelo nokuphefumla lisekhona, kufuneka ufune unyango ngoko nangoko.

Indlela ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi?

amayeza Modern kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa ubuzaza yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga esivulekayo izigulane ezifumana amachiza cytotoxic. amachiza Special ukuba asithe reflex gag ebuchotsheni ezenza kube lula ukugcina kwimeko eqhelekileyo yempilo kunye nokusebenza ngexesha unyango.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli cwecwe ithathwa kusasa, ngoko ke kucetyiswa ukuba andise indlela yokusela ukuya iilitha ezi-2 zamanzi ngosuku. Cytostatics ezingenawo kwazona yi nezintso, ngoko amasuntswana ukuze bahlale ukuba nezihlunu esinyini, ngokubonelela kukucaphukisa. A isixa esikhulu zokungenisa fluid kwaye rhoqo uchama yenza kube lula ukunciphisa ubuzaza yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga iziyobisi cytostatic kwi lwesinye. Ingakumbi kubalulekile ukuba bayikhuphe ngenyameko esinyini naphambi kokuba uye kulala.

Surveys ngexesha unyango

Admission cytostatics lufuna uviwo rhoqo umzimba. Akukho ngaphantsi kanye ngenyanga, isigulane kufuneka kudlula iimvavanyo ebonisa ukusebenza nezi ntso, nomhlehlo wesibindi, inkqubo igazi:

• ICBC;
• igazi chemistry kwinqanaba creatinine, ALT AST;
• uhlalutyo epheleleyo umchamo;
• ukulinganisa CRP.

Ngoko ke, ukwazi yonke ingcaciso efanelekileyo malunga nento efunekayo cytostatics, oko kukuthi, zeziphi iintlobo neziyobisi nendlela ukuba niwuhluthe, unako ukubala kwi ALS therapy ezifanelekileyo umhlaza kunye nezifo sokuhlasela.