Culture Byzantine

inkcubeko yaseByzantium ngamanye amaxesha ngokungalunganga iphathwa njenge ngokulinganisa iinkcubeko yamandulo zamandulo, isiGrike namaRoma. Ukususela ngokombono ingcamango zamaxesha yaba eConstantinople, ikomkhulu loBukhosi, kuba sisixeko umlingo kunye ubuhle.

Xa epics kunye neenoveli ze noMbindi Ages okuqala, ngakumbi i-French, echazwe mangaza ubuncwane, umsebenzi omkhulu wobugcisa, amazing ubulawu izitya ezingaqhelekanga, iingubo aluhlaza - ukuze sibonwe yaye elihle eConstantinople.

Kuzo zonke emphaya zangaphambili, Byzantium Le yayiyimeko, eyathatha ixesha elide.

Eneneni, ukuba inkcubeko yamandulo Byzantium iqulethe izinto zamaGrike nezamaRoma. Umzekelo, entlanganweni yamaziko zentlalo kwixesha ekuqaleni yaseByzantium, yezikhakhamela ngokwasengqondweni yomthetho yaseRoma isicelo. Noko ke, amaByzantine, ezihlangwini evelayo isithethe ezukileyo, aziqinisa nabo ngempumelelo yabo nanto, baphenjelelwa kakhulu indlela yembali, uphuhliso inkcubeko yehlabathi, ukuyilwa yesazisi lobuhlanga kumazwe amaninzi aseMpuma Yurophu. Millennium umbuso wabo wahlala ukukhanya impucuko kunye nenkcubeko kulo ihlabathi, zange ayeke azivelele kwaye ukusungula.

Art inkcubeko Byzantium basasazeke ubukhosi, kuquka indawo kakhulu kumazantsi waseYiputa North Afrika wahlala phantsi kolawulo yaseByzantium de kwinkulungwane yesixhenxe. Ngenkulungwane yokuqala ziphawulwa nge ezintsha enkulu xa ngqangi indawo imisongo. ngqangi emininzi ngokobutyebi ezinemifanekiso aseByzantium lweyesine kangangeenkulungwane yesithandathu basindileyo, kuquka i "Aeneid" Virgil, "Iliad" kaHomer, "iTestamente Endala" yaye "iTestamente Entsha" ezinde zonyango -. phakathi kwabo umsebenzi obalulekileyo uDioscorides 'Materia Medica "

Culture of Byzantium - ukuba uncwadi enkulu yingqokelela olunzulu ngezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukusuka izicatshulwa zemfundiso phezulu ukuya amabali ezingcolileyo, ukususela imisebenzi yoqobo ukuya migangatho iphezulu kakhulu inokusebenza edinayo.

art Applied limelwe kunye iimpahla zesilivere, izitya, ibhanti yegolide kunye eziinkozo kunye medallions, nezinye izinto zobuciko ezininzi ezazisetyenziswa komoya yehlabathi ubomi. Uthandwa kakhulu yaba ubugcisa ngomfanekiso ukupeyinta kunye nomsebenzi emihle. Xa imikrolo, ixesha ekuqaleni Byzantine kwaphawula utshintsho ukusuka iifom classical ngezinto zakudala.

Phakathi mizekelo iphawulekayo lwezakhiwo wempangelo - izidumbu intendelezo le-Grand Imperial Palace okanye iSt eConstantinople (endaweni yayo sele e Istanbul, ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe kumi Blue Mosque), nemali ihonjiswe ebhanyabhanya ebonisa izicaphulo kubomi bemihla ngemihla ubukhosi. Ngezakhiwo zonqulo icawa luphawu angqukuva, umzekelo idumileyo - Hagia uSophia. Ixhaswa yi koMlawuli uConstantine ngenkulungwane yesine ekuqaleni zazakhiwe ngamanani amakhulu kufutshane Kuze zemveli.

Enesisombululo kiswano iinkolelo phakathi kwenkulungwane yesithoba kwasondeza iqala zebhola wesibini ubukhosi, apho Greek waba ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni, kwaye ubuKristu waqalisa ukusasaza ukuya emantla kumazwe Slavic.

Inkcubeko eliphakathi ixesha yaseByzantium zabonisa imizekelo embalwa zakhiwo wempangelo, zisekhona ixesha lethu, kodwa le ncwadi iqulathe amabali malunga nokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwe Enkulu Ibhotwe eConstantinople, ngokusekelwe amafa ezintsha yasebukhosini futhi yeengcungcu.

Woonongendi yokuqala enkulu, eyaba kwelinye lamaziko ezibalulekileyo ubuKristu yaseByzantium, owakhelwe iNtaba iAthos (Greece).

Kwixesha eliphakathi Byzantine ngakumbi nangakumbi ngenxa umhombiso yeetempile kusetyenziswa ii icon kunye sisincoko ezahlukeneyo.

nomsebenzi Latin (1204-1261), xa nxaxheba Yesine, ehlasela ikomkhulu yamandulo yasebukhosini, waseka Latin uBukhosi of eConstantinople, waba nempembelelo enkulu phezu kwabantu Byzantine. Oku kwabangela ukuba umahluko kakhulu kwezopolitiko, le nokudideka yabantu, ingakumbi phakathi iiklasi alawulayo. capital kwezopolitiko New kaRhulumente Byzantine "elubhacweni" nabalawuli alwayo yayisekelwe kwimiphetho ubukhosi: kwisixeko Arta, e Trabzon, laseNicaea. Ukubuyiselwa ulawulo yaseByzantium phezu isixeko komlawuli ngo 1261 kunye ukulawula ubukhosi omtsha olawula - Palaeologus.

inkcubeko yaseByzantium bachuma ingakumbi kwixesha kamva, nangona iimeko zomkhosi nezopolitiko lithemba ezininzi apho yajika abalawuli balo. Kubaxhasi kuwo onke amanqanaba ezentlalo ingqalelo ngayo umsebenzi wabo ukwakha izakhiwo ezitsha ukuze abuyisele ubudala, abo babandezeleka ngexesha umsebenzi Latin.

Kangangexesha elide phambi kokuwa kwakhe ngo-1453, i-uBukhosi baseByzantium icwangcisa umgangatho ubuhle, isimbo kunye tofo. Kwaye ke kunjalo waqhubeka kukuphembelela zombini yamaKatolika West kunye Islamic East.