Carbonari - yombutho ofihlakeleyo okanye imo owaziwayo olululo na intshukumo?

Omnye akakho ayenikelwe nezo imbali womntu, ngexesha lokuva igama lenkampani, zibuze umbuzo umdla: "? Carbonari - ngubani lo" Ukuze siqonde lo mba nzima, kubalulekile ukuqonda isakhiwo, zabefundisi ibonisa injongo wabasukela ngabo.

Le mbono "Carbonari": izibakala umdla kwimbali

Carbonari - a amalungu lombutho ngasese, ezinze Italy. Umhla nokusebenza kwayo ngempumelelo kwinkulungwane XIX. Eyona njongo ephambili lukho amalungu alo mbutho sele umzabalazo wenkululeko wesizwe, ilizwe omanyeneyo likhona, kwakunye yokusekwa amandla siseko kwaye uzithembe.

Carbonari - akukho "umaleko" ezithile oluntu, kuba UMgalili ngokupheleleyo kumafa zabo. Phakathi Carbonari kungabandakanya abameli abefundisi, amagcisa kunye nabalimi, kwakunye abaxhasi kwinkangeleko ngokukhululekileyo imvelaphi amanene.

iimpawu uphawu uluntu le Carbonari

Ngokutsho kwisahlulo noshowo i Carbonari, iimpawu uphawu lo mbutho esingcwele, zabefundisi, kwaye ubukho yeesimboli mandatory. Umzekelo, ilahle elivuthayo icandelo ngokomoya rite lubonisa zokucoca umntu.

Ekuqaleni ukuvela eli hlabathi bekukho izidanga ezimbini ezisisiseko lokwaluka. Ezi abafundi iinkosi. Emva kwexesha elithile, inani kwezikhundla liye landa kakhulu, kwaye endaweni babini baba abasithoba.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Carbonari - abantu imiphefumlo neentliziyo umoya revolution elihlala. Ubungqina kunjalo umthetho ongabhalwanga le Revolution iminyaka 1820-21 kwi kwintsimi blood ngo-1831 e-Italy, apho ikhokelwe Carbonari.

Yintoni intsingiselo intshukumo Carbonari?

Injongo yale ofihlakeleyo yaba nokuphelisa yamanani ubundlobongela yezopolitiko kunye nokusekwa inkqubo yedemokhrasi. Ukuvela elizayo Carbonari - abazalwana of mgodi - njengako kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, obuphathelele maxesha alandelayo kwimbali:

• Ebudeni bolawulo uFrancis I.
• Kumaxesha angaphambili zamaxesha, oko kukuthi - 11 leminyaka.
• Ixesha le ngxabano phakathi Ghibelline ne Guelph.

Ukusuka kwindawo kwezopolitiko lwembono, ihlabathi lwafunda Carbonara kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX, ngexesha longquzulwano le Bourbon ubukhosi kunye ubukumkani isisiFrentshi Naples. Regulation of the French Carbonari, akukho mathandabuzo, lathathwa umsunguli Italian le meko. Carbonari eFransi wathobela umanyano ethe kunye nolawulo zangaphakathi.

Imisebenzi ye Italian Carbonari

Carbonari intshukumo e Italy iphuhlise kumaphondo eziliqela, eyaba amaziko yaseVenice, eRome, iNaples, eTurin, Milan no Florence. A isixhobo esisodwa, leyo zingeniswe, wayengekho. Kwakukho "abalamleli" kuphela wexeshana wancedisa ukucima i ukudideka kwaye banike izifundo eziqhelekileyo amanyathelo.

uluntu nganye isicwangciso article nenguqulo, ngokutsho apho, yaye enze. Kodwa ukuvumelana izenzo ayahambisana ngokungqongqo zonke Italian Carbonari, wayengekho. Amalungu ezi zizwe yamkele iimbono monarchical yaye ukulungele ukufumana kwizibhambathiso ezithile kunye nabo. Kodwa ingcamango yokudala lizwe monarchical wabonakala kuphela ngo-1840.

Imithetho nemimiselo ye-Carbonari

Ngalinye amalungu eli hlabathi mfihlelo kwafuneka ukuba ukuthobela ulandele imiyalelo izixhobo lolawulo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuncama ubomi babo.

Carbonari umphakathi, akuthandabuzeki ukuba imithetho yayo, njengako kuyo yonke ilungu elitsha yakhutshwa idiploma yekhethelo. Ukubonakala kakhulu umdla kwaye uguqulelo ngesandla kunye lotyikityo manual nezingenisi ngetywina. Xa ngundoqo idiploma Theobald oyiNgcwele ayevathiswe isebe kufutshane indlu enguronta. Kwakhona eseqweqweni baboniswa njengomlilo olenyayo, ihlathi evulekile, isitya kunye namanzi. Xa ujoyina inkampani Carbonaro ngamnye wamkela tape, olu sapho lwaluquka imibala, ngalinye baba isiqu ezintathu. Umzekelo, umbala obomvu Limele anjengelangatye lomlilo, blue - batshaya black - amalahle, ngokunjalo ukholo, ithemba nokulunga.

Imfuneko yokuba amalungu oluntu baba imirhumo yenyanga ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba yengeniso. Kuba ithemba ngalinye njengelungu lombutho woluntu wazala izixhobo.

iinyaniso umdla malunga society Carbonari

Devotion Carbonari waba rhoqo ngokungenamkhethe waza wazincama, nokuba abavela abaqhelekileyo wamnika ngesifungo, obizwa ngokuba 'ilizwi Carbonari. " umda Special yaba lokukhula phakathi Carbonari, leyo kakhulu bamakhazikhazi kunye amisiweyo. Lwenzelwe yi ukutshisa wamalahle. Wamtshisa ukuze abonise uphawu olukhulu, wabulela apho, ilungu elitsha uluntu lwaba ngokwekristale ukusuka kwindawo yokomoya imbono.

Ngenxa nokuqukuqela Carbonari, indlela ezonakeleyo nokubi okungu, babazisa ubulula nenkululeko yonke into.

Umthendeleko lokwaluka lwenziwa kwiimeko ehlathini ngeenxa ndlwana ebonakalisa Carbonari. Esi senzo lwaqhutywa phambi namanye amalungu oluntu. Umntu omtsha wabeka engxoweni ize ithunyelwe kwi "indawo ingcamango", apho waba phambi kwabantu abaye kucetyiswa kuyo. Ke intloko Society yabamba imibuzo yalo ngalo mbandela yokuziphatha. Waza wabakhululela makhwelo abingelele ngokunzulu kunye ukuzahlulela phakathi kwe Carbonari.