Ngezibongo Lithuanian: imfundo, imbonakalo, imvelaphi

Kweli hlabathi beentlanga ezininzi, yaye ngamnye kubo uneempawu zawo: inkangeleko, abacinga ngayo kunye nendlela yokuphila. Oku kusebenza kuzo zonke iinkalo, kuquka amadlozi igama usapho. Emva kokuva igama elithile, uyakwazi sele ukuxelela ukuba uloluphi uhlanga yena kule okanye loo mntu kunye ummeli kwenkcubeko oko. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngakumbi ngokukodwa malunga amagama Lithuanian kwaye cinga imvelaphi yazo.

Njani ukuba kwaqala?

amagama Lithuanian Modern bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini: ngokwababalwayo kubo enziwa ngqo ummandla Lithuania, kwakunye nabanye ukuba avuse kweli lizwe, kodwa njengoko ixesha kungena kulwimi Lithuanian. De kwaba yinkulungwane ye-15 olu hlanga akukho gama hlobo, zonke ulowo abanye ngegama kuphela. Le meko yatshintsha xa ummandla kumazwe eBaltic weza ubuKristu kwelo xesha.

KumaXesha Aphakathi baqalisa ngenkuthalo wabasukela nkqubo ecaweni, oko kwakuchaphazela Lithuania yamandulo. Kule uqhagamshelo iqalisa lakubathwesa amagama zamaKristu, kuba Lithuanian, enyanisweni, yaba yobuhedeni. Ngenxa yoko, ukuze azazi eyona, i Lithuanians weza igama lakhe, waza waba phezu kwexesha amagama abo yamandulo izinyanya. Ekuqaleni, bavela kuphela abameli kwisizukulwana esisityebi Sasungulwa imvelo efanayo beza kakhulu kamva.

Njani kwavela igama?

Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-16 e Lithuania esekwe ecaweni-Slavic ulwimi, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kolwimi Latin waqalisa ukuhla. Ngenkulungwane ye-18, emva kokuba kubalo kazwelonke belali kwakhona amagama ukuba sesiqale ukuba ifundiswe abantwana emva uyise, yaye, ngokunjalo, okanyekwigama generic waqhubeka Kwathi kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Igama wongezelela isimamva "-ovich", "-evich".

ERashiya, umzekelo, isimamva "- ich" yanikwa kuphela abo kufutshane kukumkani kunye nosapho yobukumkani, kodwa Lithuania esabela ukuba bonke kunye neminye imirhumo. ngabafo Lithuanian akazange ayithande isandi amagama afana: babona kule impembelelo Russia, ngoko ekuhambeni kwexesha baqalisa ukutshintsha ngokubonakalayo kule isimamva lowo eyayisetyenziswa kwaye polyaki- "-ski". Hi ndlela leyi, eli isimaphambili kwigama esetyenzisiweyo kunye naseMpuma nokuxubana, kodwa umahluko kukuba izibonda kulo mzekelo wathembela nje amagama endawo. Masithi i Pole wayehlala kwidolophana Wola, yaye igama yaba ngenxa yesi sizathu Wolski. Noko ke waphawula ukuba amagama amaninzi Lithuanian ineengcambu Slavic, kunye nezimamva.

inani

Nanamhla oku ulwimi Lithuanian weza zilolo hlobo zazilulo, ngoko ukuqonda oko kuthetha ntoni okanye igama ayenzi umgudu omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kusenzeka, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kukho ubunzima obuthile. Ngawaphi amagama Lithuanian? Umzekelo, Leitis kuthetha ukuba utatomkhulu, owada wendisela igama lakhe ubudala, kwaba kanye Kwinkonzo leytskoy ukuba babekhonza Grand Duke, Vilkas kwi translation iyalila "ingcuka", kunye igama Piłsudski - kanye bahlala kwiindawo Pilsudy. Gintautas kuthetha - "ekhusela abantu".

Drevnelitovskie amagama abantu asetyenziswe ukuba iziseko zeempondlo zayo zombini, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo eliguqulelwe ke okhethwe nawuphi na umgangatho okanye amagama abantu baphathe intsingiselo enzulu. Leyo ebaluleke enjalo iqine - abantu, min - edge wacinga - nomonde, Gail - bayazisola nefolokhwe - ithemba.

Amagama ezithandwa Lithuanian (oyindoda)

I IsiNgesi Wikipedia luluhlu lwamagama athandwa kakhulu Lithuanian. Apha luguqulelo yoqobo kunye nenguqulelo yayo Russian. Kazlauskas - Kozlowski, Petrauskas - Petrovsky, Jankauskas - Jankowski, Stankevičius - Stankiewicz, Vasiliauskas - Wasilewski, Žukauskas - Zhukovsky, Butkevičus - Butkevitch, Paulauskas - Pavlovsky, Kavaliauskas - Kovalevsky.

Unako kwakhona uqaphele kwaye amagama Mhle Lithuanian Astrauskas, Blyudzhyus, Rudzitis, Simonaitytė, Vaitonis, Mažeika, Kindzyulis. Njengoko ubona, amagama aphela rhoqo nge -c.

amagama Lithuanian lokuzalwa

Kwaye yintoni ukuthini amagama aphela ngo "-aytis", "-enas"? Ngokomzekelo, ezifana Deimantas, Budrys, Petkyavichyus. Eqale ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ngexesha ifani ubalo elikhulu elinikwe abantwana ngenxa kayise. Ngokomzekelo, unyana ka-Vitas waba Vitenasom. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba Lithuanians kusetyenziswa amagama afana kuphela ngolwimi oluthethwayo. amaxwebhu asemthethweni zabhalwa ngokungqinelana ne-Slavic metric.

Pure Lithuanian amagama emsileni, ngoko zezi zilandelayo: -aytis (Adomaitis) ise (alis), lukhule (Eydintas), kwaye kananjalo zicaciswe kwaye isiphelo (Radvila).

Xa iziphelo ezifana -auskas, -evichyus, -inskis, leyo ziguqulelwe Russian kuya kuvakala ngathi -ovich, -evich, -ovski, -evski, -ski, ukuba baphenjelelwa inkcubeko Slavic, kwaye bangabi saba lweenkobe Lithuanian.

Amagama ababhinqileyo: imigaqo yemfundo

Ukuba sicinga amagama mihla ababhinqileyo Lithuanian, bandula ke bona bangena umahluko omkhulu kubantu. Baye izimamva -ut-, -ayt- kunye -yut-, mawubhalwe ingcambu yegama katata, yaye ngokufuthi kukho isiphelo e. Umzekelo, uguqulelo liduna eligqibeleleyo ifani Butkus, umfazi kuya kufuneka ukuba ivakala Butkute, Orbakas sibuyela Aguilera.

Amagama abafazi abatshatileyo baye ezinye iiyantlukwano ezininzi ukusuka lowo onendoda. Indoda iya kuba kunye lokugqibela igama Varnas, kunye nomfazi wakhe - Vernene. Ngenxa yoko, siyabona ukuba isimamva -ene wongezelela, okanye, kwezinye iimeko, -uven, -yuven, kwakunye -E ophela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imigaqo emalunga nokusekwa amagama lobeko ababhinqileyo, zisemthethweni e Lithuania kuphela. Ukuba usapho ohlala eRashiya, omabini amaqabane iya kuvuthela efanayo. Kodwa ukuba kunjalo, xa intombazana ikhululekile, nkqu kwilizwe lethu egameni lakhe engavakala ngokungathi wayehlala Lithuania. Njengoko ubona, kukho ezininzi kujonge izinto apho kufuneka nje ukuba baqonde.

Yenza amagama komkhusane?

Ulwimi Lithuanian inenkqubo eziphuhlileyo ngetyala declension. Amaninzi amagama Lithuanian kuphela elinonobumba c na, kodwa zikhona ezinye iindlela ezimbini: nokuba le leta iya kuba yinxalenye, okanye nokuba nje libhekisela kwimeko nominative. Oko kukuthi, kwimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwehla, le leta C shwaka. Ngokomzekelo, igama Landsbergis, kwi genitive - sele kuvakala ngathi Landsberg. BaseLatvia abaninzi ziqhotyoshelwe ifani Russian loo ncwadi, ezifana "uLenin" ngolwimi lwabo iyalila Lenins, ukuze njengoko kufunwa yi imithetho yegrama. amagama ababhinqileyo, kwakunye namadoda. bonke abayithobanga ngolwimi Latvian. Kodwa xa lisetyenziswa eguqulelwe Russian, oko kuxhomekeke ekubeni amanye amalungelo: abasetyhini - gu bucala, kunye namadoda - phezu koko.

Ngomahluko omncinane umahluko

Cinga nje ngomzekelo amagama ezithandwayo, baya idlalwe iinguqulelo ezimbini, inkunzi nemazi, ukuze igama elifanayo usapho, isibini izandi ngokwahlukileyo.

Kazlauskas - Kazlauskene, Petrauskas - Petrauskene, Jankauskas - Yankauskene, Stankevichus - Stankeviciene, Vasiliauskas - Vasiliauskienė, Zhukauskas - Zhukauskene, Butkus - Butkiene, Paulauskas - Palauskene, Urbonas - Urboniene, Kavaliauskas - Kavalyauskene.

Ekuhambeni yeli nqaku siye safumanisa, oko kuthetha amagama ndabugqala ngembali imvelaphi yabo kwaye nendlela kukho ukwehla yamagama Lithuanian. Bathi ukugcina ubutyebi olunye lweelwimi lweBaltic, nto idume yokuba nangoku uphila lomelele.