Callisto. Iqela ungowaseGalili Satellite kunye nabamelwane yayo yasezulwini

Le ndoda wayesoloko unomdla oko kwenzeka esibhakabhakeni. Iiplanethi kwinkqubo yethu elanga ibonakala ngakumbi nomtsalane, ngenxa yokuba iyelelene kuthi. Ngoku, xa Jupiter waya isithuthi uphando "Juno", uluntu ehlabathini ujonge phambili kwiziphumo kokuma kwakhe. Okokuqala, lo matshini uthumele Io imifanekiso ecacileyo, Europa kunye Ganymede. Callisto, amabini inani qela satellite yaseGalili akangenanga entsimini umbono kwefowuni. Kwakulindelwe data ezintsha malunga planethi kunye iinyanga Kubalulekile ukukhumbula oko sikwaziyo ngazo ngelo xesha.

satellites

Okwangoku, malunga nekhulu Hewana evulekileyo bakaRafa. Abane kubo ngokwaneleyo esikhulu, yaye ezinye zincinane kakhulu.

Yonke inyanga Jupiter yahlulwe iqela lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle.

Iqela satellite zasekhaya kuquka amaziko ezisibhozo. Bonke zijikeleza womgca iiplanethi, nokujikeleza zabo setyhula. Ezi Hewana, yena, yahlulwe sub-ngamaqela:

• Omnye wabo liquka Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea kunye Teba. La maqumrhu encinane, kuthabathele km-20 ukuya kuma-250 ububanzi, wababiza "iqela Amalthea."
• Le kwama yesibini siqulathe Hewana ezine waseGalili.

Hewana bangaphandle - na umzimba, esingadlulanga kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa. Eyona projekthi inkulu kwezi zibonelelo - zeHimalaya. Ubukhulu bayo - 170 kuphela km. Xa ubajongile, wabiza ngenxa yokuba benza kude kakhulu ukusuka emhlabeni, nokujikeleza zabo okweqanda kwaye yenziwa yi-engile omkhulu Jupiter. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, xa kuthelekiswa kwi Hewana iqela yangaphakathi ezi ukujikeleza kwicala malunga njengokujikeleza bakaRafa. Okuwo kuthiwa retrograde. Zesayensi imizimba enjalo ngokuqhelekileyo banikwa amagama anesandi u-"e", kungakhathaliseki athanda ukuyibeka embekweni ngegama elinikiweyo. ukuthwasa kwenyanga bangaphandle mancinci ukuze babe nako kuqwalaselwa kuphela ngezibonakude ezininzi ezinamandla.

Uninzi Hewana eyafunyanwa esi sibini yokugqibela eminyaka, njengoko ubukhulu zabo abavumelekanga ukuba wati kubo kunye iingcinga kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Noko ke, izazinzulu musa ngaphandle ukuba kule minyaka izayo uya kufunyanwa ezinye Hewana zeeplanethi ezinkulu.

nasekuthwaseni kwenyanga eGalili

Eli qela yafunyanwa ngo-1610 yi-UGalileo Galilei. Ke bemlalele kubo omnye ngezibonakude yokuqala. Ezi ukuthwasa zinkulu ukuze ingabonwa nkqu telescope.

Ganymede

Eyona inkulu kuphela phakathi izinto kufuphi kaZeyus, kodwa phakathi kwazo zonke Hewana bale nkqubo elanga. Ngoko ke kukho satellite -, luyayidlula netoti phephandaba. Ukuba akukho mathandabuzo, kuyimfuneko ukuba kumanani ngu: netoti Ganymede - 5262 km, nenyanga - 3474,2 Mercury - 4880. Ngoko ke, ukuba into esijikeleziswa ngeenxa ukukhanya kwethu, kuya kuthathelwa ingqalelo iplanethi! Noko ke, nangona ubukhulu yayintle, Ganymede isiqingatha mass of Mercury. Oko kunjalo yenza okokuba satellite esisinda kwisixokelelwano elanga. Kernel Ganymede zanyibilika, iye magnetosphere buya umoya kunye nentwana intsalela ye-oksijini. Planet legqunyiwe ngomaleko omkhenkce amanzi. Wavele, lo maleko Uyayifihla amanzi olwandle. Ukuba akunjalo kuba fluxes radiation eningenakukholwa esawa, izazinzulu ziye wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze uphile sifundo sale satellite.

Callisto

Kancinane ezincinane ubukhulu - 4820,6 km - Callisto. Isathelayithi, leyo sele uthumele izixhobo ifoto "Juno", ehlanganiswa ngumkhenkce. Ebubanzini kwale maleko - zomyalelo 200 km. Uluhlu ubungakanani nawokuthwasa kwinkqubo yethu ilanga, indawo yesithathu kuthatha Callisto (inyanga). Mercury kule luhlu ayikho ngenxa yokuba iplanethi. Noko ke, ubukhulu zabo zinokuthelekiswa, nangona ubunzima yenyanga ye iplanethi enkulu ulahlekelwa kakhulu.

Jupiter amandla kolwandle kakhulu kangangokuba Callisto - yisathelayithi ejikeleza kuye kangangoko, nakwihlabathi jikelele.

A umdla elikhethekileyo izazinzulu le nto ngenxa yokuba kubonakala ukuba ezifanelekileyo kakhulu izixhobo endaweni yalo kwixa elizayo. Kubonakala ukuba ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

- Callisto - satellite ogama orbit udlula phezu umda radiation olomeleleyo kaZeyus.

- umphezulu waso umkhenkce amanzi, ngoko ke ukunqongophala kwamanzi apho uya kugagana.

- moon Jupiter kaThixo Callisto kwasekwa 4 bhiliyoni kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ukuba phantse uqinisekisa uzinzo yayo neznye.

Europe

Lona loluncinane okunene kuzo iqela-Hewana. ubungakanani bayo - 3.138 km. engundoqo metal zomhlaba. Njengoko Ganimed kunye, Europa satellite wazigqubuthela ice amanzi. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba njengoko iilwandle zifihlwe. Kusenokwenzeka ityuwa. Kuyinto le babeziindleko zamanzi kutsala umdla izazinzulu. Isibakala sokuba loo maqhekeza omkhenkce nanku thinnest - ngeekhilomitha 10-30 kuphela. Akwanelanga ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo oluphezulu zadalwa. Ngoko ke, iingcali zibonisa ukuba amanzi ulwelo kungenxa lobushushu ezintle. Njani na oku kubaluleke kangaka? Izazinzulu zinethemba ukuba amanzi ashushu ingaba umthombo wobomi. Ezi zinto zenza Europe into ekunqwenelekayo ukuba isifundo ezahlukeneyo arhente isithuba. Le ethile kuphela - radiation, kuba eYurophu ngaphakathi intsimi radiation kaZeyus.

io

Kufutshane enyangeni emhlabeni. A core ngesinyithi, ingubo elulwelo kunye noqweqwe. The main phawu - ukungazinzi neznye. Oku kuxhomekeka kukuba mlilo ngaphezulu kwama-400, nganye kuzo isebenza.

ukuthwasa kwenyanga Jupiter kaThixo Io, Europa, Ganymede kunye Callisto kwiinyanga ezimbini ezizayo iya ukutshekishisisiswa kunye langa ngokwaso. Izazinzulu Siyathemba ukuba ekupheleni kweli xesha, baya kuba ulwazi oluninzi omtsha, ukuze baya kuba nako iphupha lakhe - bangadlulela ulihlolisise-Hewana ukubona ubomi naluphi na uhlobo.