Atkinson umjikelezo practice. Atkinson Umjikelo injini ngokuvumelana

omlilo injini lwangaphakathi ezisetyenziswa iimoto kangangenkulungwane. Ngokubanzi, umgaqo yokusebenza yabo ayikhange utshintsho olukhulu ukususela ekuqaleni kukhululwa. Kodwa njengokuba lo injini a lot of ethile, iinjineli ndingayeki ukuba zizakhele iinguqulelo nokuphucula injini. Makhe abuye omnye, ekuthiwa umjikelo Atkinson. Namhlanje, uyakwazi ukuva ukuba isetyenziswa kwezinye iimoto. Kodwa yintoni na, njengoko injini iba ngcono naye?

Atkinson umjikelezo

UNikolaus Otto, oyinjineli evela eJamani, ecetywayo ngo-1876 kumjikelo ezibandakanya:

• wokwamkelwa kwabafundi;
• ucinezelo;
• ngesibetho;
• ukukhululwa.

A elishumi kamva, umqambi IsiNgesi Dzheyms Atkinson kuphuhliswa ngayo. Noko ke, ukuqonda iinkcukacha, oko kubizwa ngokuba yokuqala kakhulu hlobo umjikelo Atkinson.

iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi ezi ngokomgangatho ezahlukeneyo. Ngapha koko, le crankshaft leyo ukulinganisa amanqaku uthimbo, evumela amandla ukulahleka kukukhuhlana sinciphile kwaye nomlinganiselo ucinezelo inyuswe.

Kwakhona, oko akuzi ngamanye phase lonikezelo igesi. On injini eqhelekileyo le piston ivaliwe ngoko nangoko emva abapasa ngongoma kwabafileyo. A ezahlukeneyo scheme na umjikelo Atkinson. Kukho kukubethwa kakhulu elide, ekubeni ivelufa luvalwa kuphela isiqingatha ndlela ngokusebenzisa piston kwiziko phezulu kwabafileyo (apho kukho sele Otto ucinezelo).

Otto Atkinson Umjikelo isondlo kakuhle malunga neshumi ekhulwini. Noko ke, loo nto ayisetyenziselwa ixesha elide, xa kusenziwa, ngenxa yokuba unako ukusebenza kwimo yokusebenza kuphela xa izantya eziphezulu. Ngaphezu efunekayo supercharger ngomatshini, nto leyo maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba konke oku "mjikelo Atkinson-Miller". Noko ke, kubonakala ukuba iinzuzo zophuhliso zicingeleka yalahleka kuye.

Ngoko ke, ngo iimoto phantse ayisetyenziswa loo kumjikelo Atkinson in practice. Kodwa imifuziselo gqith ezifana Toyota Prius, abenzi baqala ukusebenzisa nasezintweni series. Oku kwenziwe imibulelo ukuba umsebenzi ethile yezi ntlobo iinjini: kwisantya low imoto ihamba ngenxa imoto yombane ngexesha ukukhawulezisa kwaye sokuyivula kuphela Petrol unit.

isikhathi

Imvelaphi Atkinson Umjikelo injini waba enkulu indlela distribution igesi, idangatya ingxolo enkulu. Kodwa xa, ngenxa kwafunyanwa American Charles Knight endaweni kwemithambo ngentsimbi eqhelekileyo kunye drive ukusebenzisa spools ezikhethekileyo ngohlobo ngeembadada enemikhono leyo zicwangciswe phakathi lombhobho kunye piston, injini waphantse wayeka ukwenza ingxolo. Noko ke, ukuntsonkotha loyilo esetyenziswayo ayiyomfuneko zibiza kakhulu, kodwa ke iintlobo kunayo yonke iimoto zimoto bakulungele ukuhlawula le lula.

Noko ke, kakade banesifo yalo lokunyusela abavumi, kuba iinjini baba siphila ixesha elifutshane, yaye ukuselwa zepetroli neoli inkulu kakhulu.

uphuhliso kule ndawo injini zaziwa namhlanje - mhlawumbi ezo njineli ziya kukwazi ukuba bahlukane iintsilelo yemodeli ngu Charles Knight bese basebenzisa.

imodeli Universal ngekamva

Okwangoku, abenzi abaninzi sele asakhasayo Motors jikelele, nto leyo eya kuhlanganiswa, kunye neeyunithi ipetroli namandla, kwaye ibambelele ezibalaseleyo kunye nokusebenza diesel.

Kule nkalo, into nje ukuba iiyunithi epetroli ukuba elekhtrons ngqo, a ucinezelo eliphezulu index ukuze iiyunithi ezilishumi elinesithathu okanye elinesine ekufikelelwe (kwinjini idizili, kweli nqanaba kancinane ngaphezu elinesixhenxe okanye elinesithoba) ebonisa amanyathelo ngempumelelo kule nkalo. Bade ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo njengoko iiyunithi kunye ucinezelo lwenjini. Kuphela umxube ukusebenza kufuneka zamntu kwavusa ikhandlela.

Xa imifuziselo yokuhlola ucinezelo ifikelela esiphakame - up to iiyunithi ezilishumi elinesihlanu okanye ishumi elinesithandathu. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ngokuzenzekelayo-ngokwayo de kwinqanaba ifikelela. Kodwa amakhandlela ikhubaziwe motion efanayo, sivumele itshintshela injini ukuya imo efana injini diesel, yaye zisebenzisa amafutha encinane.

Ukutshiswa kulawulwa ngekhompyutha, balungisa kuxhomekeke kwiimeko yangaphandle.

Ababhekisi phambili zithi le injini nenoqoqosho kakhulu. Noko ke, ngokuba imveliso ngobuninzi ayikho uphando ngokwaneleyo sele kuqhutywa.

Umlinganiselo ucinezelo bume

Isalathisi ibaluleke kakhulu. Emva kokuba amandla ukusebenza kunye neendleko ixhomekeke ngqo kwi iqondo eliphezulu ucinezelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwandisa ngonaphakade. Ngoko ke, kangangexesha elithile uphuhliso sele uyekile. Kungenjalo kukho umngcipheko detonation, nto leyo enokukhokelela umonakalo injini.

Ingakumbi strong eli zinga kuboniswa iinjini kunye supercharging. Ngapha koko, ukuba shushu ngakumbi ngamandla, yaye ngenxa yoko ke ipesenti okuba kuvusa i detonation yi kakhulu ngaphezulu. Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo ucinezelo ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa, ngenxa apho, kakade, kunye nokuncipha ngendlela motor.

Ngokusesikweni, umlinganiselo ucinezelo kufuneka zinokwahluka kakuhle ngumsebenzi imo yokusebenza kunye umthwalo. Development yaba lukhulu, kodwa zintsonkothe kakhulu yaye kubize.

Edume Saab

Iziphumo ezizezona afunyenwe yinkampani ye Saab, xa ekhululwe ngo-2000, ezintlanu-itankana injini, nto leyo maxa neelitha 1.6 umthamo wamnika malunga amabini anamanci mabini anantlanu amahashe. Le mpumelelo namhlanje kubonakala ayinakwenzeka.

I-injini yahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini apho malungu uqhagamshele kwenye nenye indlela lomnyango. Ifunyanwa ngezantsi crankshaft, ukudibanisa iintonga kunye Pistons, incopho - kunye iintloko nesilinda. Ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi drive uyakwazi zithambekele isiziba intloko cylinder kwaye ngokuguqula ratio ucinezelo xa ukuqhuba le isiguquli. Nangona ukusebenza zophuhliso nayo kwafuneka ukuba elinye ixesha ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu yokwakha.

Lula kwaye ifikeleleke ngakumbi

Ngaloo ndlela, sinokugqiba ukuba injini eyehlayo ngomjikelo Atkinson, idlale indima ebalulekileyo ngeendlela zokuphucula indlela motor le kwixesha elizayo. Kubonakala ukuba ukuphuculwa esekelwe omnye komnye, injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi ke, ekugqibeleni, ukuba imo ngokupheleleyo nokusebenza.