Arhente Hemostatic. arhente Hemostatic in G

Ngokuqhelekileyo ekusebenziseni kwabo, abasebenzi bezempilo bephakathi bafanele bajongane nokuphuma kweendawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, kubantwana nakubantu abadala - kunye nesisu, emva kokutsalwa kwezinyo - kunye ne-gingival kunye nezinye. Namhlanje, kusetyenziswe ama-ophastetic agents ahlukahlukeneyo: ngegazi lokuphuma kwintsholongwane, umonakalo we- capillary nasal and other localization. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yesifo esithile, ukuphulwa kohlobo oluqhelekileyo luphuhliswa. Umzekelo, nge-anemia ye-aplastiki, isifo se-Verlhof, i-capillarotoxicosis kunye nabanye. Ngaphezulu siya kuqonda, yintoni namhlanje ekulungiseleleni i-haemostatic.

Ulwazi jikelele

Kutheni igazi likhula? Le meko yimbangela yokwephulwa kwengqibelelo kwiinqanawa ezinkulu okanye i-capillaries. Umonakalo ungabangelwa ukukhula kwe-tumor, ukuxhwaleka, ukungapheli kwenkqubo ye-blood coagulation. Ngokuqhelekileyo xa kuphuma ukuphuma kwangaphakathi kwegazi, iziyobisi ze-hemostatic zifakwe ngqo kwisiza sengozi okanye ngexesha lokuthutha ixhoba esibhedlele.

Izinto zeCoagulation

Njengoko kuboniswa umboniso, ngokubhekiselele kwi-pathologies yangaphakathi, ukuphuma kwamanzi kubangelwa ngokuphazamiseka kwinkqubo yokugcoba. Iinkqubo kulo zimelela i-cascade eyinkimbinkimbi yendalo. Iquka izinto ezi-13 ezikhoyo kwi-plasma, kwaye ngaphezulu kwelishumi-equlethwe kwiiplatelet. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kubandakanya: i-fibrinogen, i-prothrombin, i-proconvertin, i-contact factor ne-antihemophilic globulin. Ngenxa yenkqubo ye-fibrinolytic (i-anticoagulant), igazi ligcinwa kwimeko yamanzi.

Izizathu zokuphulwa

Ukuhlamba ngokusebenza ngokusemthethweni, kubangelwa ngumthetho, kubangelwa ukusilela kwe-coagulation factor, umzekelo, kwi-virus ye-hepatitis, i-jaundice yoluhlobo lwe-mechanical, i-hemophilia, okanye umgangatho ophantsi weeplatelet (kunye ne-Verlhof's syndrome, i-anemia ye-anemia kunye nezinye izifo). Ngokuqhelekileyo njengendlela yokuqhafaza iindawo ezincinci kuninzi kwii-capillaries. Bahlakulela ngokugqithisileyo kwezinto ezithile zokuvala kunye neeplatelets. Oku, kudala, kuholele kwisifo segazi. Umfanekiso ofanayo uphawulwe ngokumalunga nokuphazamiseka okukhulu (i-cardiogenic, traumatic), i-poisoning, iimeko ezixubileyo (emva kokukhipha isisu, kubandakanywa), imisebenzi eninzi, ngokukodwa ngokuxilongwa kwegazi okukhulu. Ngaphambili, le meko ye-pathological ichazwa ngokuthi "ukuphuma kwe-fibrinolytic". Okwangoku, kubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-syndrome ye-intravascular spreadsheet microcracking.

Unyango: ulwazi jikelele

Izikhethi ezichanekileyo ezikhethiweyo ze-uterine zokuphuma kwamanzi, izilonda zengingqi zithintela i-hemostasis ephambili. Ngokuqhelekileyo, unyango olufanelekileyo luquka ukusetyenziswa kwesinye, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ezimbini, amayeza aphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, i-hemorrhage hemorrhage isebenzisa ukunyuka kwe-plasma entsha okanye "i-Cryoprecipiate". Kwaye izidakamizwa njenge "Vikasol" okanye i- calcium chloride, kwiimeko ezinjalo azisebenzi. Ikhonkco echaphazelekayo kwi-hemostatic inkqubo inokumiselwa ngokuvisisana nolwazi lwe-anamnestic kunye neempawu ezifunyanwe ngexesha loviwo lwesigulane. Kule nto, phambi kokuba unyango, kufuneka uqaphele imvelaphi yesifo. Nangona kunjalo, amalungiselelo e-hemostatic amanyathelo asekuhlaleni avunyelwe ukuba asetyenziswe kuyo nayiphi na izilonda zangaphandle ze-vascular of membranes. Amachiza anokufumana inqanaba elibanzi okanye elincinci lezenzo. Kukho, umzekelo, izidakamizwa ze-haemostatic ze-hemorrhoids. Iiifom zamachiza ziyahluke. Xa ufumana izilonda kummandla wamathumbu, umzekelo, kulungele ukusetyenziswa kwamakhandlela e-hemostatic. Kwamanye amaxesha, izicwangciso okanye iipilisi zisebenza kakuhle. Ngokomzekelo, ii-hemostatic agents zenyanga zivame ukukhutshwa kwifom tablet okanye kwi-ampoules.

Iyeza "iVikasol"

Eli nyanga lifana ne-analogue yamanzi ka-K-vitamin. Esi sidakamizwa sinceda ukuyeka ukuphela kwegazi, okubangelwa kukunciphisa umxholo weprothrombin. Oku, kwanga-ke, kwakuchukunyiswa ukungabikho kwe-vitamin ka-K. Imithi "iVikasol" ivuselela i-prothrombin kunye neeseli zesibindi. Izibonakaliso zokusetyenziswa kwalolu cwangciso ziquka ukuphulwa kwe-hemostasis kwisigulane, i-hepatitis, i-renal ne-hepatic syndrome, i-jaundice ephazamisayo. Isilwanyana sinconywa ukuba siphuluke ngokubhekisele kwi- antiticoagulants isenzo esingachangekanga (izilwanyana "iPelentan", "Neodikumarin" nabanye). Amachiza awaphumelelanga kwisifo seVerff kunye ne-hemophilia. Isilwanyana sinomphumela othile kumntu wesifo se-menopausal kunye ne-youth uterine, ukuphuma kwamagciwane. Isenzo samachiza siyaqatshelwa kwangaphambili kweeyure ezingama-12 ukuya kwe-18 emva kolawulo lwayo. Njengamaqela amaninzi e-hemostatic kwi-uterine yegazi, i-"Vikasol" ifumaneka kwifomati yefomathi kunye nesisombululo. Amachiza omlomo anconywa ngo-0.015 g / 2-3 r / ngosuku. Injini ye-Haemostatic "i-Vikasol" yonyula i-intramuscularly 1 ml yesisombululo se-1% 1-2 / ngosuku, ngokulandelelana kungabi ngaphezu kweentsuku ezine (ngenxa yokunokwenzeka kwe-thrombosis). Ukungqinelana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubandakanya i-myocardial infarction (acute), thrombophlebitis, i-coagulability eyandisiweyo.

Vitamin P

Eli pheko liyinkimbinkimbi yeekatekini zeeyi. I-Vitamin P iyanciphisa umsebenzi we-hyaluronidase (ichitheka isisombululo sesisisombululo eludongeni lwama-capillary), ukunciphisa ubukhulu kunye nokufaneleka kweempahla ezincinci. Naku oku, i-vitamin P inhibisa i-oxidation ye-ascorbic acid. Kwakhona kunokomeleza kwindonga yamapilala. Isilwanyana esiqhelekileyo se-vitamin P yiyeza "Rutin". Awuyiyo into engumgubo wamanzi wombala obomvu ophuzi. Isilwanyana "Rutin" ngandlela-thile sinciphisa ubunzima besikhumba esikhuseleyo ngesimo sesifo sikaVerf kunye ne-capillarotoxicosis. Isilwayo sinqunywe ukuba senze i-retmorrhages kwi-retina yelihlo, imasisi, i-endparditis ye-septic, i-red fever. Xa i-vitamin P isetyenziswe, akukho nto i-thrombosis ayikho, akukho ziphikisana. Isilwanyana sinikezelwa kwifom yefayili kwifom ecocekileyo kwi-0.02 g kunye kunye ne-ascorbic acid ("Ascorutin") (0.5 g nganye kwicandelo ngalinye). Kubantu abadala, isicatshulwa sinconywa kumyinge we-0.02-0.05 g / 3 r / ngosuku.

I-Epsilon-aminocaproic acid

Eli arhente linikezwa njengepoda yomhlophe yesikristalline. I-substance ayinanto kwaye ihogela, inqabileyo emanzini. I-Epsilon-aminocaproic acid inefuthe elinamandla kakhulu (kwindawo yangaphakathi kunye jikelele), ukunciphisa umsebenzi we-fibrinolytic structure. Ngaloo nto, amachiza anciphisa umsebenzi we tryptic owenza iJeses digestive manifest. I-Epsilon-aminocaproic acid inqunyelwe i-gingival, i-nasal, intestinal, isisu, imoto, ukuphuma kwintsholongwane yemvelaphi eyahlukileyo, kunye ne-Verlhof's syndrome, i-hemophilia, i-anemia ye-aplastic kunye ne-curettage ye-uterus. Kwiimeko ezimileyo, amayeza asetyenziswa emva kokungenelela kumphunga, iprotrate, kunye ne-detached clock ye-placenta eqhelekileyo. Ukumisela kubhekisele ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwi-3-5 g / 3-4 r / ngosuku. Kunconywa ukusela ipowder ngamanzi amnandi. Ukongezelela, i-epsilon-aminocaproic acid ijojowe kwaye igxininiswe, kwaye igxobhoze kwisitya semitha eyi-100. Amachiza asetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwi-hemostasis yendawo kunye nokuphuma kwi-mucosa yomdaka okanye isango emva kokususwa. Kule meko, indawo echaphazelekayo iya kuba neepoda. Ukuchasene nemvelaphi yokulawulwa komlomo kwesi sidakamizwa ayinayo impembelelo engathandekiyo kumgudu wokutya. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu, izigulana ziyakhala isikhalazo. Emva kokulawulwa kwe-intravenous, umphumo omkhulu ugcinwa emva kweeyure eziyi-1-4. I-Epsilon-aminocaproic acid ine-contraindications. Phakathi kwabo, ngokukodwa, kubandakanya ukungaphumeleli kwezintso (inkqubo ephezulu), i-thrombosis.

Gelatin yonyango

I-hydrolyzate ye-collagen ibuninzi be-gelatinous okanye i-leaflet leaflets. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokulawulwa kwezidakamizwa zonyango kunceda ukwandisa i-viscosity yegazi, ukunamathela kweeplatelet. Siyabulela kule nto, ukuphumelela kwegazi kwangaphakathi kufikeleleke ngokukhawuleza. Phakathi kwabo, phakathi kwabanye, kubandakanya ukungalingani kunye nesisu. Umphumo omncinci uphawulwe xa inethiwekhi ye-vascular of membranes iwonakele. Njengempendulo engalunganga kukungabikho komzimba. Eli liyeza ligxininiswe ngokunyuka kwe-intravenous in dose ka-50-100 ml ishushu kwi-37 degrees solution. Isilwanyana senziwa ngama-ampoules we-10 ml ye-10% ye-gelatin kwi-5% ye-sodium chloride.

Fibrinogen K3 okanye iM2

Yilungiselelo legazi lomntu, i-coagulation factor. Isetyenziselwa ukuphuma kwe-afrobrinohemicheskih. Faka ukungena nge-intravenously (ngosuku ukuya kwi-1.8-2 grams yomcimbi owomileyo). Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, i-powder iyachithwa kwisisombululo somzimba (esingasinyanga), iqondo lokushisa elingama-25-30 degrees. Ukuxuthwa kwenziwa xa kukho ubungqina obufunekayo kwindlela yokucoca, ekubeni izinto ezingaphiliyo zeprotheni zingabonwa kwisisombululo. Akukho ukunyuswa okumiselweyo kwi-myocardial infarction (acute), thrombophlebitis.

Iyeza "Trasilol"

Esi sidakamizwa sithathwe kwiingqungquthela zeenkomo. Amachiza akwazi ukunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-microplavation ye-intravascular kunye ne-trypsin. Umiselwe ukuba uphethwe ngegazi kunye noxinzelelo oluninzi lwezitho zomzimba, emva kokukhipha isisu, ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye-leukemia yoluhlobo olunzima (umyalelo we-promyelocytic, umzekelo) kunye nezinye iimeko. Isilinganisi seeyunithi ezili-10 ukuya kwiiyure ezili-10 ziyaxhamla kwangaphakathi ngeentsuku ezingama-1-2 kwisisombululo se-5% se-glucose (okanye umzimba). Ngokuqhelekileyo, amayeza alawulwa phantsi kweemeko zemeko. Amachiza abuye asetyenziswe kwizifo ezingapheliyo kunye nezigulane ze-pancreatitis, parotitis. Phakathi kweempembelelo, ezona ziqhelekileyo zi: ukungabikho komzimba ukuya kutshatyalaliswa kwe-anaphylactic, kunye ne-phlebitis kwisiza sokulawula.

Sulfate

Le prothithi ephuma, enekhono lokwenza ne-thromboplastin kunye ne-heparin engabonakaliyo. Isilwayo sinqunywe ukunyuka kweemfucuza ezibangelwa yi-hypergeparinemia. Kananjalo, umphumo wokugqithisa ngokweqile okanye ukunyuka kwemveliso ye-heparin engapheliyo. Amachiza anika ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza (kwiiyure eziyi-1-2) ukuyeka ukuhamba kwegazi. Njengomgaqo, isisombululo se-1% kwisikhulu esingu-5 ml silawulwa nge-intramuscularly or intravenously. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukutshayelwa kwakhona kuyenziwa emva kwemizuzu eyi-15. Ngethuba lokunyanga ngeprolamine sulphate, ixesha lokugaya kufuneka lihlolwe. Amachiza akhutshwe kuma-ampoules ama-milliliters amahlanu kwisisombululo se-1%.

Isisombululo se "Hemofobin"

Le nto i-hemostatic enobuthakathaka obunzima. Isetyenzisiwe nge-intramuscularly, ngaphakathi okanye ngaphakathi. Isisombululo sokubamba ngomlomo itafile 1. Spoon 2-3 r / ngosuku. Isisombululo se-intramuscularly 5ml 1.5%. Imithi "Hemofobin", njengamanye amaninzi amayeza e-hemostatic, iyatholakala kuma-ampoules ama-5 ml neebhotile eziyi-150 ml.

Amachiza "Adroxon"

Eli nyanga liyi-powder e-orange engayithoyiyo okanye iphunga. Isilwanyana siphumelele ukuphuma kwegazi ngenxa yokulimala okwenzakala, emva kokutshitswa kwezinyo, i-tonsillectomy. Isisombululo se-0.025% sisetyenziselwa iitampu ezimanzi kunye neenjengeentramuscular rhoqo ngaphambili, ngexesha nangemva kokungenelela. Isilwanyana sisebenza ngokuphumelela kweLCD. Amachiza akhutshwe kwi-ampoules ye-1 ml 0.025%.

Iyeza "Etamsilat"

Esi sidakamizwa siphucula umsebenzi weeplatelets, sinciphisa ukubonakala kwe-capillary. Amachiza acetyiswa ukuba unyango kunye nokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha emva kokukhipha izinyo, i-tonsillectomy. Izibonakaliso ziquka zombini izibilini zamathumbu namathumbu. Ubude obude befuthe li-1-2 iiyure xa zilawulwa kwisisu kunye neeyure ezingama-3 - xa zithathwa ngomlomo. Ngeenjongo zokukhusela, amayeza anqunywe nge-intramuscularly okanye ngomlomo. Ukuphelisa ukuphuma kwi-vein okanye i-muscle inject 2-4 ml, emva kweeyure ezine-4 ukuya kwe-2 ml. Isilwayo sinikezelwa kwifomu yeethebhulethi ngokwe-0.25 g. Kwaye i-ampoules ye-2 ml ngesimo sesisombululo se-12.5%.

Amachiza amayeza

Ukuphulukisa iipropati zezityalo ziyaziwa kumaxesha amandulo. Iimithi zonyango ezinjengezicatshulwa zikhoyo kwiimithi ezininzi ze-haemostatic. Ezi zisebenzisi ze-haemostatic zisetyenziselwa imeko enzima yenyanga, iimeko ezibangelwa yiyo, ezikuyo nakwezinye iindawo. Kwakhona zikhona iintlobo zemihlobiso, amanzi kunye notywala, iipilisi, amaconsi. Iingcali zihlala zisebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-haemostatic kwi-gynecology. Ngokukodwa kwithuba lokubanjwa kwesisu kunye nexesha lokutya. Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-hemostatic ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye ngexesha lokutya ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi umntwana ozayo.

I-tincture ye-lagohilus

Eli pheko liqukethe i-tannins kunye ne-latohilin. I-Tincture inefuthe elikhuthazayo (elilinganayo) kwindlela yokuqhawula kunye nefuthe elincinci lomzimba. Isetyenziswe njenge-hemostatic ngeenyanga, ukuphuma kwamanzi. Kunconywa ukuthatha isisombululo seshumi seepesenti ngamanzi (nge-0.25 iikomityi) ngosuku 3-4 amaxesha ngosuku usebenzisa i-teaspoon. Njengomphumo wecala, umphumo ophantsi oboniswayo. Iitamponi ezinamanzi zingasetyenziselwa ukuphuma kwegazi.

Ukukhutshwa kwamagqabi enetha

Le mveliso iqukethe i- vitamin K, i- ascorbic acid, i-tanins. Ukucetyiswa okucetywayo kumathumbu emathumbu emathunjini, ama-renal currents, kunye ne-Verlhof syndrome. I-Nettle iqukethe ezininzi izidakamizwa ze-hemostatic, ezinexesha elininzi kunye nezinye izilonda zesisulu ezisetyenzisiweyo.

I-Yarrow itshaba (ukukhishwa kwamanzi)

Kwisisombululo, kukho iigums kunye neetannan, i-ascorbic acid, i-alkaloids. Ukwandisa umphumo kwezinye iimeko, ukudibanisa izidakamizwa ze-hemostatic. Ngamaxesha amaninzi oku kubaluleke ngakumbi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-yarrow itherb kunye ne-nettle extract iyasebenza kakhulu.

Ukukhutshwa komtywala wepilisi

I-rutin, i-quercetin. Njengezinye izidakamizwa ze-haemostatic ezinamaxesha amaninzi, ukukhishwa kwepepper kuqulethe i-tanins. Kucetyiswa ukuba u-30-40 wehla kathathu ngosuku. Ukukhishwa kwepilisi kuqulethwe kwiyeza "iAnesteol" (ikhandlela).

Amayeza asekuhlaleni

Njengomthetho, izidakamizwa ezinjalo ezisetyenziselwa ukusika. Ziyakuvumela ukuba ukhawuleze ngokukhawuleza ukuphelisa. Zingasetyenziswa kwiimeko eziphuthumayo. Kukho iihotele ze-hemostatic kwizilonda. Emva koko, qwalasela amanye amayeza asekuhlaleni.

Isiponji seHemostatic

Le ukulungiswa plasma kwabantu. Le isiponji hemostatic yi thromboplastin elikhoyo kunye calcium chloride. Last kuba nemiphumo emihle e gingival lwasekuhlaleni, ukuthetha kwam ngeempumlo, hemorrhoidal ukopha. Ukusuka piece sponge engenazintsholongwane siyahlukana ibhekiselwe kwinxalenye pre-womile achaphazelekayo. Ichiza angenziwa licinezelwe iphedi igozi. Iyeza imini kamva iintsalela kwakhiwa fibrin umboniso elintlangothi isuswe ngenyameko. Uhlala sponge ukusombulula ngokuzimeleyo iintsuku 20-30. iintsalela ezingasetyenziswanga ukusuka isiqulathi wavula kunye imfunxa zingasetyenziswa kuphela emva resterilization. Izimo beziyobisi ekhoyo.

thrombin

Le ukulungiselela plasma lomntu evakalala mass emhlophe-ezipinki. Ukungenisa inguqu kuvala indlela lwefibrinogen ukuya fibrin, lo medicament linamandla nefuthe ngqo hemostatic. Thrombin isetyenziswa kuphela umonakalo capillary yengingqi yendalo eyahlukileyo Vuka, emva kokuba ukususwa izinyo ngokunjalo. isitsha wawuqalekisa ivulwe phambi ukuyisebenzisa, oko eyafakwa saline (10-15 ml) kwiqondo lobushushu igumbi. Xa isisombululo thrombin, a tampon buzane lo mxube kwaye ngokuqinileyo ukuya kwindawo yonakele. Emva ukuyeka ukopha kwalo zisuswe ngononophelo ingubo saline ukunqanda ukuphinda-kukwenzakala.

Fibrin ifilimu

Amalungiselelo (iinkomo) plasma yabantu okanye izilwanyana. Ine thromboplastin. Eli chiza nemiphumo eliphakathi hemostatic. Fibrin ifilimu isetyenziswa ezitshangubeni wengingqi inwebu yangaphakathi. Phambi ukusebenzisa engenazintsholongwane ityhubhu yovavanyo iya kuvulwa, umboniso isusiwe. Okulandelayo, kokuhlanjwa saline okanye isithuthi "penicillin" okanye "rivanol". Emva koko, lo medicament lisetyenziswe kumphezulu yonakele. Xa usebenzisa fibrin film unakho sisungule engavumelani.