Apostol Pet ne St uPawulos. Abapostile uPetros noPawulos

Phakathi Abalandeli bokuqala bakaYesu Kristu, owaba umseki iBandla laKhe jikelele, babe amabini uMpostile, ebizwa Ss. Oku Apostol Potr kunye nompostile uPawulos. Kubomi esemhlabeni, baba ngabantu ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, hayi kuphela badume ekuhlaleni, kodwa indlela yokucinga nendlela abayibona ngayo ihlabathi. United ukholo lwabo kuvuko loNyana kaThixo, wawavulayo amasango ubomi obungunaphakade.

Umlobi ne ngakuLwandle lwaseGenesarete

About St. uPetros uMpostile, siyazi ukuba waseBhetesayida umzi, ibekwe ngasentla ngakuLwandle lwaseGenesarete. Uyise uYona wehla kwisizwe sakwaNafetali. Ngaphambi kokuba intlanganiso kunye noYesu Kristu, Apostol Potr ngokuba nguSimon. Wayehlala eKapernahum kunye nomfazi wakhe kunye nomama-ngaphakathi. Vuyo ngumlobi elula abathobekileyo. Kunye uAndreya, ikamva le uMpostile noAndreya umzalwana wakhe, yena ngumsebenzi onzima uzisa ukutya kwakhe, ayicingi iimfihlelo iphela, nazo zonke iimfuno yakhe kuphela kukhathalelo mhla.

Ekuqaleni ubulungiseleli bakhe emhlabeni, uYesu, Ebizele kuye abazalwana ababini, wanika uSimon igama elitsha - Petros, gama elo elithetha "ilitye". UYesu wathi kule ntetho ukuba le "ilitye" Nguye oya kundakhela ibandla, kungenakugqithwa esihogweni, bonisa indima ekhethekileyo wamiselwa nguye lo mntu. Waza uPetros ukususela ekuqaleni yakholwa epheleleyo iNkosi yakhe. Xa umphefumlo wakhe elula evulekileyo akukho mathandabuzo. Ukushiya yonke into edityaniswe ukuba ubomi endala, akazange alibazise ukulandela uKrestu.

Ingqiqo of St. Paul

Ihluke kubonakala kuthi eSt uPawulos. Wazalelwa eTarso, umYuda entsatsheni, ngubani wayengummi waseRoma, elibonelela ukuba ilungelo ngokusemthethweni. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba igama uSawule, yaba mxhasi nenkani yoMthetho yamaYuda. EYerusalem, ngqo abaFarisi, wafumana imfundo esemagqabini phantsi kolwalathiso enye edumileyo ngexesha koorabhi. Oku kwamenza nokuba ngenzondelelo ngakumbi Wayetshutshisa amaKristu kunye kubuYuda.

Kodwa ke wavuya ukukhanyisela kwakhe ukukhanya ingqondo ukholo lokwenyaniso iNkosi. Ezele nguMoya oyiNgcwele, uPawulos yonke ngenzondelelo yentliziyo yakhe waqalisa ukushumayela ezindlwini zesikhungu ezi mfundiso, leyo izolo ayilungile ngoba ababuxoki, ogama nabaxhasi asolwa olwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye nomthetho. Yindoda efundile, kwaye wamngcatshayo iintshumayelo zakhe ngamandla akhethekileyo. Kokuba liqalise ngale ndlela entsha yokuphila kwakhe, uSawule waziwa ngokuba nguPawulos, sasingumfuziselo kakhulu - utshintsho gama lithetha utshintsho ebomini babo.

End of ukholo bapostile baziincamisa

Ngokutsho Nesiko oyiNgcwele, Apostol Potr kunye uMpostile uPawulos emva kweminyaka yakhe emininzi yenkonzo babulawa ezandleni amaYuda ngosuku olunye - 12 Julayi (kunye n ..). Waba ukukhunjulwa kwabo emini. Rhoqo ngonyaka kule mini ukuba akuyibhiyozeli le holide - iMini uPetros noPawulos. UMlawuli uNero abulawe umpostile uPetros xa wafunda ukuba ukushumayela kwakhe, uPetros banda kakhulu inani labaguqukileyo kubuKristu. UMpostile wagwetywa ukuba abethelelwe emnqamlezweni njengomfundisi wakhe omkhulu, kodwa wambongoza wabasiki bambethelela emnqamlezweni uyijongise ezantsi, njengoko kwafumaniseka mna andifanele phinda kokufa kukaKristu, ukuma emnqamlezweni.

UMpostile uPawulos wayengummi waseRoma, kwaye, ngokomthetho, mayingabi sakhululwa emnqamlezweni, kuba sisohlwayo yayigqalwa elihlazo, kwaye phantsi kuphela elabalekayo amakhoboka kunye nabo balo kwezakhi lisezantsi kakhulu eluntwini. Ngokomyalelo soMhlekazi, wanyuselwa ngaphandle kwe eRoma, yaye endleleni Ostian intloko ikrele lakhe. Isithethe uthi kuloo ndawo apho intloko awileyo uMpostile oyiNgcwele, amanqaku ezweni umthombo ngokungummangaliso.

Xa ukuhlonelwa lamaKristu okuqala yabangcwele bamlandela ngoko nangoko emva kokufel 'ukholo kunye yokungcwaba kwindawo yazo ngomnye zonqulo kakhulu. Ngelo xesha nye Baqala ke ukuba nemihlali ekhefini - uSuku uPetros noPawulos. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba xa kwinkulungwane IV yi umlawuli uConstantine Omkhulu, ubuKristu ekugqibeleni wazuza iwonga esemthethweni waza waba unqulo karhulumente eRoma eConstantinople zakhiwa neetempile imbeko bapostile baziincamisa.

Lithatha abapostile ezingcwele baseRashiya

Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala zokwamkelwa ubuKristu eRashiya, yaye Apostol Potr, umpostile uPawulos waba ngomnye kakhulu iziqu anokuzithanda ngalo baseRashiya abangcwele. Umbhaptizi of Rus - Prince Vladimir wabuya Korsun, bazisa eKiev icon kunye umfanekiso wabo. Kamva kwakunikelwa ku Novgorod, apho ixesha elide zigcinwe Cathedral yaseSt uSophia. Kamva, waba elahlekileyo, kodwa kumhla wethu phantsi Iingqameko yetempile uyakwazi ukubona esekelwe zenkulungwane XI, emele St. uPetros uMpostile.

Malunga eminyaka ubudala isiko nehlonelwayo eRashiya Apostles ukungqina imizobo eludongeni of St. Sophia Cathedral e Kiev, ubhekisela XI-XII iinkulungwane. Kwakhona Babevakalisa Apostol Potr kunye nompostile uPawulos. Ezimbini isigodlo Russian endala imbeko ezi ngcwele Kwasekwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XII, omnye - kwi Novgorod ukuya Shinichi entabeni, kunye nezinye - e Rostov. Kwinkulungwane kamva, uPetros noPawulos Monastery wabonakala Bryansk. Ngeli xesha, kwabhalwa kwathiwa izicatshulwa ezininzi zonqulo, kuquka akathist uPetros noPawulos.

Ukuthandwa Abapostile uPetros noPawulos uthi, nto leyo got amagama phakathi kwabemi Orthodox welizwe lethu. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula ingxokolo eninzi yabangcwele yamandulo. Phakathi kwabo, abaninzi elubhaptizweni, yaye ezinye nezifungo emishini okanye ukwenza amagama amakhulu schema igama zabaPostile. Olu ludwe kuqhutywa amagama abantu abathe bashiya uphawu yabo kwimbali Russian, kwakunye nabo ezininzi uPetros noPawulos, ukuba aphile ubomi bakhe babeziindleko ezinkulu eRashiya.

Abapostile endala umfanekiso

Ethetha kuphuhliso iconography ezi imifanekiso, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba abapostile abangcwele uPetros noPawulos ababechazwa ngamaKristu okuqala ngakumbi ezindongeni mangcwaba, apho benza unqulo lwabo. Nangona le mizobo wall ukuba abalandeli ukholo olutsha ingozi ecacileyo kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yesi sizathu badla wabhenela uncedo yeesimboli. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye esekelwe kulo xesha apho Abapostile eyabelwe kakuhle echazwe, efana omnye ezinye iimpawu ngobude, nto leyo evumela abaphandi ukuba ukuvumela kubo ufana ngokwenene kwase zembali. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imisebenzi boncwadi ukuba bahlile beza kuthi evela kuloo maxesha zikude, waphawula into efanayo: abathile kubo ziqulathe inkcazelo efana kakhulu imbonakalo bapostile baziincamisa.

Abapostile uPetros noPawulos in iconography Russian

Ngokusekwa kwe Orthodox yonxibelelwano. UPetros uPawulos waba abo bangcwele umfanekiso ogama ngokuqinisekileyo wayengomnye imifanekiso engcwele yetempile nganye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiseko ezaqanjwa babo ngabalawulwa iTestamente Entsha, kodwa ezaziwa kunye izicaphulo Nesiko oyiNgcwele. Enye yazo bandile icon ye uPetros noPawulos lako, ntsho emehlweni zomnye. Inikeza abaphulaphuli ixesha yentlanganiso abapostile eRoma nje kokuba abulawe. umfanekiso Kanye kule uhlobo lesangqa isagquba.

Noko ke, owaziwa ukususela Rus yamandulo lafumana icon apho abapostile uPetros noPawulos thaca uqonde, iguqulelwe kancinane omnye komnye. Omnye wabo omdala asekhoyo, icon egcinwe namhlanje kwi-St Sophia Cathedral of Novgorod. Le icon enye, bazisa, ngokutsho legend, Prince Vladimir of Korsun, leyo ikhankanywe ngasentla.

Ukubaluleka okukhulayo imifanekiso yabapostile

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ixabiso imifanekiso Saints uPetros uPawulos ukwandisa ukuba babe yinxalenye ye-Deesis kwenqanaba le iconostasis nganye. Kuye lusisiganeko ukubeka umfanekiselo uMpostile uPetros ukuba ekhohlo icon central kaYesu Kristu, kwaba kanye umfanekiselo Virgin kunye Arhangela Mihaila, kwaye icon lompostile uPawulos - ilungelo, ngqo emva icon ye Ioanna Krestitelya kunye nomfanekiso Arhangela Gavriila. Eyona idumileyo kwezi imifanekiso ezi ngendalo Andreya Rublova, asekhoyo Kwingcingane Cathedral of Vladimir.

Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII yempembelelo kwizikolo zaseNtshona eYurophu liye lenyuka iconography Russian. Oku kuchaza ukuvela kwizihloko ezinxulumene ekubulaweni bapostile baziincamisa. Kumaxesha angaphambili, iimpawu zabo yesintu: Peter - izitshixo zobukumkani bamazulu, kodwa uPawulos - esongwayo - umqondiso ubulumko. Ke kaloku izandla zabapostile sibona kubo ukufela izixhobo - Peter - umnqamlezo, uPawulos - ikrele. Kukho icon nkqu ngasemva obonisa endaweni kubulawa.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, eyasekwa rite sungula ku kuqhutywa inkonzo. Le mibhalo life ehamba zinxulumene ikakhulu iinkulungwane VII-VIII. negunya labo kubalelwa neentsika enjalo ibandla lamaKristu, njengoko uMphathi baseConstantinople Herman kunye St Andrey Kritsky, ogama Canon of ukufunda ngonyaka ngemihla leNzila. Ngaphandle kwabo ukhankanya amagama St John yaseDamasko kunye Kozma Mayumskogo. Kwi inkonzo lisoloko ebulawa akathist uPetros noPawulos, kwakunye vesi amisiweyo.

Amagama abangcwele, immortalized bokwakha

Amagama oyiNgcwele abapostile uPetros noPawulos, ngonaphakade immortalized bokwakha ecaweni. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokulinganayo iRashiya, kunye namazwe Koloni. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula ibandla engundoqo yamaKatolika - ezinjengeSt uPetros eRoma. Ngomhla ekudalweni eli bandla enkulu zembali abangamaKristu basebenza artists mkhulu kunye nabayili. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi zilandelayo: UMichelangelo, Raphael, Bramante, kukuyo kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Rus esikweni Orthodox ukwakha neetempile imbeko Abapostile uPetros noPawulos, enemvelaphi yayo ngemihla oyiNgcwele Prince Vladimir. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe wabonakala phezu kweenxweme Dnieper ibandla lokuqala Abapostile uPetros noPawulos, baza bamlandela kuyo yonke indawo ebanzi weRashiya, nasemizini, nasemizaneni, kwaye nkqu iilali ekude kakhulu ezahlukeneyo eyakhelwe anikezelwe kwezi abaphila ezinkulu ezimbini.

Cathedral kwi Neva

Cathedral of St Peter noPawulos eSt Petersburg ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kwabo. Libizwa ngokuba uPetros Paul Cathedral. Lamiswa ngumzobi D. Trizin kule minyaka 1712-1733, waba yindawo yokungcwaba i-Russian Tsars. Le Cathedral ukwakweli kwintsimi inqaba, etyelwe 1703 ngokuyalelwa uPetros I ukukhusela umlomo Neva ngokuchasene ayehlasela balwa kunokwenzeka.

Ekuqaleni, kwakukho ibandla oqingqiweyo ka oyiNgcwele abapostile uPetros noPawulos. Xa ngo-1712 waqalisa ukwakhiwa zebandla ilitye, oko kwenziwa ngendlela yokuba isakhiwo endala wahlala esenjalo ezindongeni ezintsha zakhiwe, yaye akazange ayeke inkonzo apho wonke umsebenzi ixesha. Cathedral entsha, ukwakhiwa isimbo Petrine ezimbejembeje, waba ngomnye obukhulu kuzo lwezakhiwo unanamhla ahombise isixeko kwi Neva.

Temple e Sestroretsk

Ngo-2009 yena bamiselwa kwakhiwa kwimimandla St. Petersburg uPetros ibandla kaPawulos. Sestroretsk - idolophu njengokhetho encinane kufuphi kwikomkhulu wasentla. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII yayakhiwe apha icawa somthi imbeko bapostile baziincamisa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko indawo ecaweni ilitye, nto leyo eye yaba yimpumelelo obalaseleyo bokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha imvukelo, yena yatshatyalaliswa, yaye kuphela nokufika yentando baqalisa nokubuyiselwa kwalo.

Re-yakhiwe kwaye angcwalisiweyo, uPetros noPawulos Cathedral (Sestroretsk) yi lesikhumbuzo sisikhumbuzo ngwenya Russian. Inyaniso yokuba yakhelwe phezu kanye ndawo apho kumaxesha amandulo Russian misebenzi yentsimbi umlimi Efim Nikonov, Tsar uPetros ndababonisa wokusungula - ngwenya yokuqala. Usekhona kwimemori oomatiloshe namhlanje, yaye etempileni wadala sisikhumbuzo amagorha ngwenya zezithuthi Russian.

Iicawa kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo iinkolo ezahlukeneyo

Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhumbula etempileni ezimbini ngaphezulu ibekwe eSt Petersburg. Omnye wabo - zendlu Abapostile uPetros noPawulos kwi-Academy Medical. Kubhaliwe ibekwe kwi Piskaryovsky Avenue. Kwaye ke omnye, nto leyo isembindini aloo mzi Gorokhovaya street - kuba ibandla ikhaya zokufundisa University ogama emva A. I. Gertsena. Bobabini baqala kwanangaphambi kokuba revolution, zavalwa kwixesha eSoviet, yaye namhlanje ngokutsha wavula-iingcango zalo kubanquli.

Kwizixeko ezininzi kwilizwe lonke ngoku iintlafuno imbeko oNgcwele zabaPostile. Phakathi kwazo kukho Moscow, ESmolensk, Sevastopol, Karaganda, Barnaul, Ufa kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngaphandle Orthodox amabandla inkonzo uPetros noPawulos, kwaye kwenzeka rhoqo amabhunga zezinye iimvaba zamaKristu. Abahlali kwikomkhulu, umzekelo, yaziwa kakuhle ukuba akekho zibuyiselwe emva amaxesha nzima Isakhiwo yamaLuthere Cathedral of the Holy Abapostile uPetros noPawulos e Starosadsky Lane. ibandla, bubuqaqawuli obubalaseleyo lamaKatolika uthe nqwelo e Veliky Novgorod ongcwele. Kwaye uluhlu inde.

City, ogama emva kwabapostile uPetros noPawulos

Ukukhunjulwa bapostile abangcwele kwaye immortalized amagama kwezinye izixeko. Uninzi badumileyo phakathi kwabo - kuba St. Petersburg, ogama emva saint layo umxhasi - uMpostile uPetros. Yasungulwa ngo-1703. Igama abapostile oyiNgcwele kunye isixeko ibizwa kwiMpuma Ekude - Petropavlovsk. Ostrog, owaba ezalwa wakhe, yasekwa Cossacks ngo-1697. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le ndawo kwasekwa ngeenxa zonke, ukusuka apho esixekweni ukhula.

Enye Petropavlovsk ise kwintsimi ukuba namhlanje bobabo Kazakhstan. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba inqaba yomkhosi, emi ekwahlukaneni kweendlela zorhwebo ebalulekileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, liye isabalulekile emkhosini yaye abe enkulu indawo - isikhululo gateway Trans-Siberian Railway.

Ukufiphala imifanekiso yabapostile kwinkcubeko lwangoku

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, Abapostile uPetros noPawulos uba umlinganiswa njengoko Apocrypha (ilahlwe yicawa, hayi phakathi iincwadi eziphefumlelweyo Endala kwiTestamente Entsha), kwaye amabali athandwayo iintsomi. Ngokwemveli, Apostol Potr saqaliswa kubo emasangweni zasezulwini klyucharom iqabane kaYesu Kristu, xa wabonwa ebantwini. St. uPawulos kwakuhambisana kubemi ezulwini okanye umlondolozi. Yena kudla ukwathulelw ukusekelwa yomlilo kunye nelanga.

Oku inhlamba abantu bokuhlala Nizam ukucaciswa imifanekiso ezingcwele, ngelishwa, liye lasasazeka namhlanje, simile kwiindawo ezininzi inkcubeko mihla. Oku oqaphelekayo ingakumbi ifilim uphiliso. Ngenxa yokuba lo mpostile ngokwemveli kuboniswe kunye, kwaye umhla inkumbulo yabo ibhiyozelwa ngexesha elinye - Julayi 12, uPetros noPawulos zidityaniswe zibe umfanekiso enye. Umzekelo, engqondweni ezithandwayo, bobabini zithathwa umxhasi ongcwele abalobi, nangona kuphela Apostol Potr wayenza kolu shishino. Akufanele ukuba zombini ukuchonga kunye engxondorheni apho isakhiwo ibandla esakhiwe, njengokuba la mazwi kaYesu asebenza kuphela uMpostile uPetros.