Aluminium olukhazimlisiweyo ngezandla zabo: indlela, izixhobo, izixhobo

Aluminium metal ithambe kakhulu. Nayiphi imveliso kuso ekugqibeleni ilahlekelwa ifomu yayo yoqobo, phezu komhlaba ukukhangeleka enxitywa, le oxides, imveliso siyaphela. Ukuba ufuna ukunika izinto ezindala uhlobo olutsha, oko kufuneka aluminium egudisiweyo. Ukuze wenze oku, enye yezi ndlela zilandelayo zingasetyenziswa:

• electropolishing;
• chemical wokucoca;
• ukuya ngasekhohlo zokuhombisa.

Iindlela aluminium wokucoca: imithi

Lo bugcisa imvelo, ilula kwaye lwanele ngokukhawuleza. Kuyenzeka ukuba agcine, ngensimbi acid ezingatshiyo, nto leyo eya kuba sisiseko webhate wokucoca. Ukuba umthamo umsebenzi omncinane, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa crucibles ezenziwe imveliso yephondo. Isikhongozeli izaliswe isisombululo acid:

• sulphuric;
• nitric;
• Phosphoric.

Products zivunyelwe kulo isisombululo eshushu, iqondo lobushushu kufuneka lufikelela 90 ukuya kwezili-120 ° C, ixabiso lokugqibela luya kuxhomekeka amabakala aluminium. Obala aluminium ukubunjwa kufuneka kwimizuzwana eyi-30 okanye imizuzu, phinda inyathelo amaxesha malunga 6. Phakathi Sendizihlambile iindawo, kunye nemfuneko yawo onke rhoqo.

aluminiyam afana ibengezela ingcono xa isetyenziswe kwigubu ejikelezayo uqina. Emva kokugqiba zazo enjalo phezu iya kuqhagamshelana ngefoyile ye yobhedu. Kufuneka zisuswe ngamanzi phantsi kwamanzi abalekayo kunye lobushushu eliphantsi. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe kwi emgibeni. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo le mveliso ukuqhubekekiswa-30 ekhulwini nitric acid.

iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kwi imisebenzi

Aluminium wokucoca ukuze kufezwa izisombululo obrak:

• phosphate trisodium;
• sodium nitrate;
• soda abuhlungu;
• sodium nitrate.

kufuneka iqondo lobushushu ibe ngaphezulu xa kuthelekiswa indlela asidi, umyinge 120-140 ° C. Products kufuneka ukumelana imizuzwana malunga 5-20. Xa kusetyenziswa le ndlela, ilahleko iya kulingana zealuminum malunga 8 microns itotali umaleko ububanzi.

Ukusetyenziswa electro-

Aluminium wokucoca ukuze kwenziwe ngenye indlela. Ngoko ke kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufumane kumphezulu shiny kwaye agudileyo, kwaye zokucoca kukuba ekumgangatho ophezulu. Electrolytes imisebenzi enjalo kwiimeko ezininzi ulime sulphuric kunye phosphoric acid, amanye amacandelo aya kuxhomekeka eziphathekayo.

Electrolytes onokufikelela isilungiseleli seglosi emva kokugqitywa. Kuba ubushushu inkqubo ibe ngaphantsi kwe kwimeko ngasentla, i umda lobushushu ilingana 60 ukuya 90 ° C.

Wokucoca kufuneka lwenziwe ukuba imizuzu emi-5, ngoxa ingxinano ekhoyo ngoku inokuba kulingana 10-50 A / dm². Inkqubo likhazimliswe cathodes kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa ilothe, kodwa kukho nezinye aluminium ezibonelela ukusetyenziswa insimbi. Wokucoca ifuna ukusetyenziswa duralumin kumiswa, kwakunye electrolyte ibhafu kunye polyethylene, ukukhokela okanye imveliso PTFE. Kufuneka ukubalungiselela electrolyte obrak, ukuba imali eninzi kakhulu.

Kwiparameters nkqubo kuya kuchaphazela ukwakhiwa electrolyte, umda lobushushu ingahluka 40 ukuya 95 ° C ngokubhekiselele sesichengeni, yona ithatha imizuzu-3 ukuya kwisi-6, kanti loxinano ekupheleni anode i umda 3-20 A / dm². Ukukhetha cathodes, nickel kukuba ngubani.

Features ngasekhohlo ethile

aluminium indlela wokucoca inokuba zokuhombisa. Le ndlela isebenza zenyathi electropolishing. aluminiyamu, ibetheleleka yi anodes Ulawulo phosphorus-chromium electrolyte. Phezu amanqaku akha ipateni crystalline eba uhlobo iziseko zibe luzizi. Kwi intonga anode usixhome kuzo zonke iinkcukacha, uze ungakwazi ukuqala unyango. Buqhinga kufuneka wenziwe ombane ka 25-30 V. Xa ombane isiphelo evuka ukuba 35-40 V, loxinano anodic yangoku ilingana kumda ka 8-12 A / dm², lo gama iqondo lobushushu ayehluka-50 ukuya kuma-80 ° C.

Imizuzu emalunga nama-20 kamva kubonakale zokuzoba. Ukuba ombane kuya kuqalisa ukuba kuvuka ngokukhululekileyo, siya kucinga ukuba le nkqubo lugqityiwe. Emva kokuphela iimveliso nokuqhathwa Sendizihlambile, soma kakuhle, kuliwa anodizing phezu kwabo. Aluminium ke obudaywe ngepeyinti organic.

aluminium isibuko zingafumaneka ngomnye ayenechaphothi indlela kunye ngasekhohlo anodic, ebizwa iskritom. Ukuze le mveliso phambi nasemva kwenkqubo ufakwa ukufudumeza unyango kwindawo scheme okhethekileyo. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa anodic Nosipho 'Snowball ", nto leyo evumela ukuba ukudala yabengezela matte komhlaba.

Yiyiphi indlela eya ukusetyenziswa ngcono ekhaya

I Cola likhazimliswe yenye ngoyena usetyenziswa rhoqo izixhobo kwikhaya likhazimliswe aluminiyam. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba zililo eekhemikhali virulence ezahlukeneyo, ukuba yingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Wokucoca zingasetyenziswa:

• lokukhuhla;
• neesepha zobuciko;
• lacquer;
• amadlavu;
• ukucoca iimveliso ukuba uhlobo utywala.

Xa ukhetha lokukhuhla kubalulekile ukuba ungayibaxi nokudla okuziinkozo, kuba kungenjalo kuya kufuneka ukurhoxisa imikrwelo. Ukuphucula ukuxhathisa banxibe kunye lacquer isilungiseleli seglosi kubhetele ukuyisebenzisa.

Iimpawu wokucoca electrochemical

wokucoca Electrochemical ye-aluminiyam ubonelela ukuphunyezwa yomsebenzi efanayo kwiimpembelelo imichiza kunye zombane. Ngokutsho netheknoloji loo ndlela isebenza njengenxalenye electrode anode, elidityaniswe kuyo ubonelelo umthombo DC HIV. Workpiece nge makhe yiyo ngoku kufuneka ukuxakeka ichibi apho izele electrolyte. Indima electrode kwabenza cathodes zobhedu yesibini.

Ukusebenzisa umatshini ipolishi

Machine likhazimliswe yindlela elula ukudlulisela i-aluminiyamu le isilungiseleli seglosi yokuqala. Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa buff ngo-1000, nto leyo utyebile ngamanzi. Isiponji okanye ilaphu kufuneka isicelo kwinxalenye amanzi zigqithiswe. Iquka ipolishi umatshini neziphithiphithi 1400 ngomzuzu. Xa izinga sokutshiza enjalo, ndiya kubaphangalalisa ngeenxa 1 m.

aluminium umphezulu iza kuba shushu, lwelo ngumphunga. Kufuneka sizilungiselele ngenxa yokuba wesangqa uya ekhandiweyo aluminiyam "isidudu". Ngoko ke, zonke Mzuzu kumatshini kufuneka simiswe ukususa ivili nokutshixiza kunye isiponji emanzi phantsi kwamanzi abalekayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezinye neengcibi basebenzisa bryzgalku oluqhelekileyo.

"Gadudu" kufuneka zicocwe nkqu iinkcukacha. Ukukhazimla phandle, ukuba uya Ukongezelela Sukusebenzisa waphatheka. Eli nqanaba yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka kuyo 80% eziphumo zokuphela konyaka. Waziva kufuneka sandiswe 10 mm ngaphaya isangqa isiseko kufuneka ogalelwe, ukunkcenkceshela bryzgalku yakhe. Iinkcukacha utyebile kunye isiponji esifumileyo. I Cola isetyenziselwa khazimlisani Nezibugqagala, isicelo kufuneka kwenziwa phezu workpiece, kunokuba kwisangqa.

isiphelo

aluminiyamu likhazimlisiwe ngezandla zakhe inokuba ezahlukahlukeneyo iindlela, kodwa enye i nchumu lowunene lowu a yintlama. It ayiqulathanga ongeziweyo ammonia kwaye ngobunono coca umba evela yimikrwelo kunye abahlukunyezwa. Nale nto sinako ukufikelela ayenechaphothi yokuqala. Umaleko yokhuselo wayeza ngaphandle imbonakalo oxidations ixesha elide.