Aleksandr Benua: ibhayografi elifutshane nobuchule

Le artist odumileyo Russian uAleksandr Nikolaevich Benua (1870-1960) wazalelwa kwintsapho edumileyo, apho ukongeza waba abantwana abasibhozo. Mother Camille Albertovna Benoit (Kavos) kwaba ukubunjwa njengemvumi. UYise - ngokomakhi odumileyo.

Aleksandr Benua, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu (short): esakhula

Le ebuntwaneni wegcisa elizayo yabanjwa e-St Petersburg. Apho ababhalise esikolweni yabucala uKarl May, ngubani ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo abaye baphumelela namalungu 25 sodidi Benoit. Emva kokugqiba imfundo yamandulo, Alexander waqhubeka izifundo zakhe kwi-Faculty of St. Petersburg University kunye ngaxeshanye baye kwiiklasi kwi-Academy of Arts Fine. Ukongeza, umfundi, a Benoit oselula wazibonakalisa umbhali kunye umgxeki, ukudibanisa incwadi yithini "Imbali Art yaseYurophu" isahluko zobuciko Russian. Kweli thuba ukususela 1896 ukuya 1898 uAleksandr Benua wahlala kwaye wasebenza eFransi. Yeyona "Versailles series" zabhalelwa apho.

"World of Art"

Ngowe-1898, kunye ne- SP Diaghilev, Aleksandr Benua walungelelanisa umbutho "World of Art", ukuvelisa ezi ncwadi. Wawuhlanganisa amagcisa ezaziwayo-kakuhle afana Lancer, Diaghilev kunye Bakst. Amalungu lombutho aququzelela umboniso wathabatha apho inxalenye Roerich, Vrubel, Serov, Bilibin, Vasnetsov, Korovin kunye Dobuzhinsky. Noko ke, asingabo bonke abazobi Mbasa kukholekileyo "World of Art". Ngokukodwa, Repin ayikho wayeyoliswa kakhulu le nkampani, kunye Benoit ebizwa kwisiqingatha-ofundileyo, bibliographer kunye omlawuli i Hermitage, nangona wathabatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso.

"Amaxesha Russian"

Ngowe-1905, uAleksandr Benua waya eFransi. Apho, kuquka iphulo wakhe, ballet qembu "amaxesha Russian" womhlaba, ephethwe Diaghilev. Benoit waba umqondisi zobugcisa ngo-1911 wadala ziye intle kwihlabathi-idume opera "Petrushka" yi Stravinsky. Yaye bambalwa siyazi ukuba lomculi nje yenzelwe yimveliso kodwa banceda bhala mdlalo ngenxa opera.

Buyela ku Russia

Ngowe-1910, igcisa lapapasha "Isikhokelo ukuya Hermitage." Olu hlelo wayesuke umsebenzi wakhe nje Umhlaziyi wobuciko. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva uAleksandr Benua imali yabo bathenga kwi eCrimea, Sudak ndawo enomhlaba apho wakha Cottage, apho kuphumla kunye nomsebenzi. Emifanekiso wenza khona, zifumaneka kwiimyuziyam ezininzi Russian. Kweli xesha yiSoviet, emva kokumka yakhe eFransi, xa kwacaca ukuba Benoit akayi kubuya, yokugcina igcinwa kwi iCrimea House of Iimvumi, zizaku nikezelwa kudweliso Russian Museum, nezinto kunye matshalatshala kuthengiswa kwifandesi.

Life in Soviet Russia

Emva kokuba Revolution, ngesindululo Gorky uAleksandr Benua, ifoto leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi, ndandisebenza kwiKomiti ngenxa woKhuseleko Monuments eNkcubeko, ophethe Hermitage kwaye wenza ubhaliso midlalo zemidlalo ezininzi: Mariinsky, Alexandrinsky kunye Bolshoi Drama.

Noko ke, yintoni eyenzekayo kweli lizwe liba nzima gqitha ukuba umculi. Ukususela ingxelo A. V. Lunacharskogo nge 09/03/1921, ukuphendula isicelo imfihlelo №2244 wathi wayezixhasa utshintsho, kodwa kamva edaniswe iingxaki zobomi, waza wavakalisa ukunganeliseki kunye ndawonye ukulawula umsebenzi imyuziyam ekuqaleni revolution. Commissar Okulandelayo wabhala ukuba Benoit akanguye umhlobo yorhulumente omtsha, kodwa kumlawuli we-Hermitage kufuneka iinkonzo elikhulu uhlanga kunye zobugcisa. Isishwankathelo Lunacharsky waba: iimpawu wocikizeko artist ezixabisekileyo yaye kufuneka zikhuselwe.

ukuhamba

sengqondo edidayo kurhulumente omtsha wagqiba ubomi elizayo kunye nomsebenzi Benoit. "Ukutshata of Figaro" - komsebenzi yokugqibela kwi iLeningrad Bolshoi Drama Theatre, xhalChe wegcisa phambi kokuba ahambe aye kweli lizwe.

Ngowe-1926, Lunacharsky uAleksandr Benua izindululo biography leyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje izele iziganeko ezibuhlungu, bahamba uhambo ishishini umsebenzi kwi Grand Opera House e-France. Wamthuma ukuba eParis, Commissar wayesazi kakuhle oko kwenzekayo engqondweni yakhe. Benoit wayesiya emva komsebenzi ukuze ubuyele eRashiya, kodwa ekupheleni kukaJuni 1927 Lunacharsky wafika e Paris. Ukususela kubanjelelwa yoku- FF Nortau kulandela ukuba commissar abantu wamcenga ukuba abuyele kwilizwe lawo. Kwincoko lobuhlobo, wathi yokunqongophala kwenkxaso-mali kunye nezimo ukusebenza kwayo zaza bayacetyiswa ukuba balinde eFransi de utshintsho meko.

Ngoko Benoit akazange abuyele eRashiya.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Biography Aleksandra Benua waqhubeka ukubhala sele kude nekhaya, kodwa eParis eli xesha kanti inkoliso abahlobo bakhe kunye nabo. Le artist waqhubeka ukusebenza nesilungiselelwe ubuhle yaseqongeni ezininzi, wabhala iincwadi nemizobo. Kamva wasebenza kunye nonyana wakhe Nicholas kunye nentombi Elena. Aleksandr Benua wafa e Paris ngo-1960, kancinane phambi kweminyaka yobudala engama kunyaka-90. Ushiye isixa esikhulu bomsebenzi, iimpapasho kunye memoirs. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe uAleksandr Benua, engobomi kunye nobuchule ezithe kuhlangene ne-Russia, wahlala i ngokuthanda engumlawuli kwaye bazama ukuwenza inkcubeko ethandwayo ehlabathini lonke.

impilo Personal

Aleksandr Benua wayetshatile. abantwana abatshatileyo wazalelwa: intombi uHelen kunye nonyana Nicholas. Zombini abaculi. Benoit ngo-1924 xa isimemo of the National Opera wafudukela eFransi. Emva koko waya eItali, apho iminyaka emininzi (ukususela-1937 ukuya ku-1970) waye umlawuli yemveliso inxaxheba Milan La Scala. Ethatha inxaxheba nokubhaliswa kweemveliso, uninzi lwazo benziwa nguyise wakhe, yena wayesebenza yaseqongeni ezininzi idumileyo ehlabathini, wayila emiboniso ixesha ezintathu Bolshoi Theatre eMoscow. Elena intombi kusala eSoviet Russia kunye noyise e Paris ngo-1926. Yena wayengumzobi odumileyo, nemizobo bakhe ababini ufumene urhulumente waseFransi. Phakathi imisebenzi bayo umzobo BF Chaliapin and ZE Serebryakova.

In memory of ngumzobi odumileyo, owenza igalelo elikhulu lemidlalo yaseqongeni, yasekwa ibhaso ballet ngamazwe ebizwa ngegama lakhe. E Peterhof kukho ingcaciso yanikezelwa kuye buqu.