Abducens: inkcazo komzimba, imisebenzi kunye neempawu

Abducens inxulumene isixhobo olawula intshukumo yamehlo. indima yakhe akukho ezinzima kangaka njengoko oculomotor, kodwa kwimeko yokulahlekelwa umsebenzi, ukukwazi ukubona ukuba elithile ezilahlekileyo. Ngokuba amehlo lobuhlobo kufuneka izihlunu emithandathu ukuba innervated yi luvo ezintathu cranial.

nokwakheka

Abducens inxulumene luvo motor ecocekileyo. Iqala kwi nucleus, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi ephakathi. kuye imicu ngaphesheya ibhulorho phantsi kumphezulu carcinomas zobuchopho kwaye adlulele na inqu emqeleni phakathi kwe-Pons Iphiramidi, ibekwe kule Oblongata Medulla.

Kwathi iinkqubo ezingundoqo ngenxa ingaphakathi kobuchopho kwaye kwi sinus cavernous. Apho, imicu zibe kwicala elingaphandle kwemithambo carotid. Emva luvo washiya sinus, yena Asikokungena fissure ephezulu Orbital yaye ekugqibeleni iwela orbit. Abducens innervates imisipha enye kuphela - icala ngqo.

umsebenzi

Abducens inikeza umsebenzi omnye, nto leyo yenza ukuba izihlunu innervated ngabo, yaye kususa iliso ngaphandle. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ulaqaza, ngaphandle sakujika intloko yakhe. Kwakunye nale isihlunu lo ochasene le rectus yesihlunu lwangaphakathi Iliso siyakrazula yeso kweli ziko, kwicala empumlweni. Baya ukurhoxisa bodwa.

Nangona kunjalo, kunye ngokoyiswa omnye kubo, kukho convergent okanye strabismus eziphambukileyo, njengoko isihlunu okunempilo ukuze balawule kunye ukusika, ejikelezayo yeso ecaleni kwakhe. Abducens kabini, ngoko ke wasinika iintshukumo iliso friendly kunye nombono binocular.

isifundo

Khangela abducens ehlala umsebenzi wayo kwinqanaba yangoku lophuhliso yamayeza akwenzeki. Ngoko ke, neurologists kunye ophthalmologists kuvavanywa kanye ezintathu luvo: oculomotor, lokuphuma kunye block. Oku kunika umfanekiso opheleleyo ngakumbi kuba bengaphumelelanga.

Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala izikhalazo nombono kabini, nto leyo ngakumbi xa ujonge kwicala achaphazelekayo. Ngoko kukho uhlolo olubonakalayo kobuso wesigulane ukuze ukumisela ulingano yayo, ubukho ukudumba, ukuba bomvu, kunye nezinye inkqubo arhabaxa. Emva koko, uphando eyahlukileyo Buze iliso okanye isimangalo lweliso lakho, ptosis ye ijwabu eliphezulu.

Ukuthelekisa ububanzi elifunekayo abafundi abasabela ekukhanyeni (okanye ezinobungozi), ukuhlangabezana kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Ukuhlangabezana - ukukwazi ingqalelo izinto abasenyongweni. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuba, ipensile okanye izando eze empumlweni. Ngesiqhelo abafundi kufuneka iingqameko. isifundo yokuhlala lwaqhutywa ngeliso ngasinye ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokwemiqathango msebenzi, nto isikhumbuza ukuhlola ukuhlangabezana.

Kuphela emva kokuba zonke ezi zazo lokuqala khangela ukuba ngaba isigulane sine squint. Ukuba kunjalo, yintoni. Emva koko ke cela umntu ukuba mayihlale iqaphele ukuba ihamile kwincam-luvo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ukujonga isixa nentshukumo amehlo. Sabele ihamile kwi amanqaku kakhulu asendle ngayo kwaye uyibambe kwesi sikhundla, ugqirha kuphakamisa imbonakalo nystagmus tye. Ukuba isigulana kukho ngezifo kwenkqubo iliso kwezihlunu, lo nystagmus zophendlo lwezifo (tye okanye nkqo intshukumo encinane eye) ayiyi kuthabatha ixesha elide.

Ekubulaleni abducens

Njengoko sele kwaziwa, i-luvo ukunyusa iliso unoxanduva ithuba lweliso lakho ngaphandle esuka empumlweni. Ukophulwa luvo Uhanjiso kukhokelela ukuphazamiseka nokushukumisa izihlunu ngqo lateral. Oku kubangela convergent strabismus ngenxa yokuba esihlunwini lwangaphakathi olawula lweliso lakho. Ngokwezonyango, ibangela umbono kabini okanye ngendlela yenzululwazi, diplopia. Ukuba isigulane uzama ukuze akhangele kwicala achaphazelekayo, oku uphawu buyanda.

Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ezinye izenzakalo zophendlo lwezifo. Umzekelo, vertigo, ukuphazamiseka iqinelwa kunye nezifundo esithubeni. Ukuze ubone kakuhle, izigulane zidla yokugubungela iliso nomonde. Hlula abducens kuphela kunqabile kakhulu, njengoko umthetho, ngezifo edityanisiweyo.

Nuclear nokukhubazeka neuropathy

Peripheral abducens kwicandelo yayo circumferential livela meningitis, ukudumba sinuses paranasal, cavernous sinus thrombosis, intracranial aneurysms ingxenye kwemithambo carotid okanye ngomva unxibelelana kwemithambo, kwamathambo isiseko ukakayi okanye ngamathumba Orbital. Ukongeza, iziphumo enetyhefu xa izinto ezibolileyo kunye ukubola komqala nazo umonakalo izakhiwo ingqondo, kuquka luvo cranial. ekukhubazekeni iyathamba of abducens kunokwenzeka njengoko mastoiditis. Izigulane waphawula Gradenigo syndrome: abducens paresis lwalo ngokudibene neentlungu kwindawo uphume kwisebe ngokungqalileyo ye-luvo trigeminal.

Amaninzi, ezi ukunyhashwa zenyukliya kwenzeka ngokuchasene nentsukaphi kobuchopho, neurosyphilis, sclerosis, legazi, nangezilonda okanye ukuphazamiseka okondeleyo ejikeleza lobuchopho. Ekubeni ukugxothwa kunye luvo yobuso ibekwe ecaleni kwenye, kokoyiswa omnye, ibangela ngezifo kunye ezikufuphi. zibizwa-ekuthiwa Kukho alternating fauvillers syndrome (paresis ubuso izihlunu kwicala abachaphazelekayo, lisibekele iintshukumo kwi esinye isiqingatha icala umboko).

ukubandakanyeka mazwe

Paresis le abducens kumacala omabini kubonakaliswa convergent strabismus. Le meko yenzeka amaninzi kunye ukwanda koxinzelelo intracranial. Ukuba inani utywala ngokugqithisileyo, kusenokuba dislocation yobuchopho, oko kukuthi, lo mbandela ukuphehla lobuchopho ithambeka kwi Amaza. Kwimeko enjalo ingaba ubunzima ngokulula i abducens. Konke nje kule ndawo zimi kumphezulu asezantsi zobuchopho kwaye phantse akukho ezikhuselweyo.

Kukho nezinye dislocation kwengqondo ukuba abonise iimpawu ezifanayo:
- isibotho idlala occipito-wesibeleko laseDura ifanele;
- impaction of kwiCerebellum kwi ingqondo kunye nezinye Intshinga.

Azivumelani nobomi, buya kuba njalo ubukho umonakalo abducens - loo mazwi Pathoanatomical. Ukongeza, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba yokuswela amandla rectus izihlunu osisi - yenye iimpawu myasthenia gravis.