Ziintoni iimpawu umhlaza esinyini amabhinqa? Umhlaza esinyini abafazi: iimpawu, isifo

amayeza Modern eli nokusebenzela ukufumana unyango lomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, oku kulindeleke zizigulane ezininzi isitofu sokugonya okwangoku. Kweli nqaku endifuna ukuthetha ngayo kwesi sifo, ezifana nomhlaza lwesinye kwabasetyhini.

ezinye izibalo

Esi sifo - umhlaza esinyini - ngobambana eRashiya avareji 10-15 amawaka abantu ngonyaka. Ngoko abantu bayahlupheka ukusuka kwesi sifo kane mhlawumbi ngaphezu amabhinqa (ekunokwenzeka, ngokutsho oogqirha, lo ngelize izakhiwo yokwakheka kwinkqubo oyindoda enzala). Noko ke, kweli nqaku Ndifuna ukuba bacinge nto iimpawu zomhlaza lwesinye kwabasetyhini, njengoko iimpawu isenzeko zesi sifo abantu ngokwesini ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka kancinane.

izizathu

Ngoko ke, umhlaza lwesinye. Ubangelwa sifo kakhulu amaninzi zilandelayo:

1. umsebenzi abantu abadibana ngokusondeleyo kakhulu ngomdla enuka (ukuba aluminiyam, umbala, ukwenziwa zeplastiki). Umngcipheko sifo kulo mzekelo ukuya izihlandlo ezingama-30.
2. ubungozi Malunga ezilishumi amaxesha ephezulu yokufumana umhlaza lwesinye abantu abatshayayo.
3. Izazinzulu zithi ukuba isifo ngokuphindwe kaninzi kwenzeka xa abantu basele amanzi ikhlorini.
4. neziphumo Imitha kubungozi yoluntu kunye nokwanda izifo ukuya izihlandlo ezithathu.
5. Kakade ke, iingxaki kwisinyi lwezonyango kungakhokelela kuphuhliso kwesi sifo soyikekayo. Ngoko ke, amaxesha amabini basengozini ephezulu yokufumana abo bantu abaphethwe Ngokuzimela ezinganyangekiyo. Maxa wambi amahlanu amathuba abo uxilongwe "isinyi shistosomotoz" (a isifo ekumfimfitheni).

Iimpawu zokuqala

Ziintoni iimpawu zokuqala zomhlaza esinyini amabhinqa? Ngoko ke, lo hematuria. Ukuyenza ibonakale ncono, indlela elula bathi "igazi nomchamo." Le uphawu kwenzeka malunga nama-85% yezigulane. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka kunokuthiwa ngelixa le ntlungu kuba xa uchama. Kwakhona umchamo kuba igazi nje kuphela, kodwa egazi encinane. Tufwile isigulane kufuneka amaza isenzeko uphawu. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho igazi umchamo ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha, oko isizathu sokuba ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. hematuria esisisigxina kuba kuphela izigulane abanenqanaba sifo phambili. Eneneni, kulo mzekelo, nethumba uya exesheni ngokuqhubekekayo. iimpawu:

1. Ngobunzulu umbala wegazi ziyahluka ukusuka opinki ukuya obomvu eliqaqambileyo. Kulo mzekelo, igazi umfazi umchamo ayikwazi kubhidaniswe kwanyanga - menses.
2. Egazi zingaba bukhulu ezahlukeneyo neemilo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba idatha imfundo ezinokuzalisa esinyini lonke, nto leyo ngokufuthi ekhokelela tamponade yayo. ie lwesinye ugcwale njalo egazi igazi umchamo asimsebenzi nje ukuya ngendlela yemvelo. Kulo mzekelo, uya kufuneka uqhaqho.
3. Iyafuna esithi ukuba thumba lincinane nga wopha kakhulu, yaye inkoliso ayikwazi sikhatshwe ukopha enzima. Le ngxaki yokuqala uxilongo echanekileyo.

Kubalulekile: Igazi kwi umchamo kungaba uphawu kuphela umhlaza isinyi, kodwa Ngokuzimela zesiqhelo. Ngoko ke, ukuba kuyokufunyaniswa isifo oluchanekileyo kuyimfuneko ukuba bafune uncedo kagqirha.

Uphawu 1. dysuria

Yintoni enye iimpawu umhlaza esinyini amabhinqa? Ngoko ke, lo dysuria. Okanye iingxaki ukuchama, xa kufikwa ulwimi ngemihla. Kwimeko enjalo nethumba unakho compress le urethra, zikhokelela iintlungu. Ekuqaleni, iintlungu ziza yenzelwe kwindawo zikawonke wonke. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha uphuhliso sifo xi nga 'ukunika' kwi uhanjiso, naxa lobufazi. Ubuhlungu xa echama inokuba namandla kakhulu.

2. uphawu womchamo

Ezi mpawu zilandelayo umhlaza esinyini kwabasetyhini - ngumchamo kunye rhoqo ukuchama. Ngokomzekelo, umntu usenokuba neminqweno zobuxoki rhoqo ukuchama. Kwakhona kube nokukhutshwa ngokuzenzekelayo umchamo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu kwenzeka kuphela xa abuhlungu wayenomhlaza iya kuba kummandla entanyeni lwesinye.

Uphawu 3. iphunga

Siqwalasela iimpawu ngakumbi zomhlaza lwesinye kwabasetyhini. Ngoko, kuba lulwelo isifo alahlwayo zinikwe nga ivumba elibi. Oku kungenxa yokwanda ithumba, iingxaki ukuchama. Kulo mzekelo, ivumba umchamo ammonia, a kwenze kuya kuqwalaselwa (umchamo inokuba ubovu) emazantsi izitya.

nezinye iimpawu

Ngoko ke, umhlaza esinyini kwabasetyhini. Ziziphi ezinye iimpawu osenokuba nazo?

1. Fistulas. Zingavela kummandla lwesinye kwilungu lobufazi okanye ukusuka esinyini ukuya isikali. Kwezinye iimeko, zingenzeka kunye fistula suprapubic.
2. iindumbisa emilenzeni. Ukuba isigulana liphuhlise Ukudlulela kwiindawo nkovu inguinal kwaye retroperitoneal, oko kunokubangela lymphoedema lemilenze.

ekuxilongweni

kubaluleke kakhulu naye uxilongo somhlaza lwesinye. Luhlobo luni iindlela ukufumanisa kokuvela esi sifo ebantwini?

1. Cystoscopy. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku yindlela echanileyo kuphela ukuxilonga esi sifo. Xa enjalo Kwimeko ziza kufundwa isinyi isifo ngesixhobo okukhethekile - mbhobho wokuhlola. Kuphela Ububi le nkqubo - invasiveness. Uphononongo lukhatshwa mizwa ekhathazayo kuhlolwe. A plus elikhulu: ithuba nje ukuba 'babone' kwaye ukufunda ithumba, kodwa kwakhona ukuthatha isiziba kuyo yophando.
2. amayeza Modern na ukuma. Ke oosonzululwazi baye basungula uvavanyo strip ekhethekileyo moshilongo eksperess umhlaza lwesinye. Isebenza kumgaqo uvavanyo lokukhulelwa ekuthiwa NMP22. Kodwa ngokubanzi le ndlela loxilongo alukayifumani.
3. ukubaluleka Mikhulu kwakhona izifundo ezifana MRI, CT kunye ultrasound. bonke Kuba neizvazivnye iindlela diagnostic. umhlaza Chonga zinakho ukuhlelwa ngethuba loviwo emzimbeni (uxilongo ultrasound) yesiqhelo kwakunye ngethuba post-operative sophando kunye tracking iziphumo zonyango (CT kunye uxilongo livakale magnetic).
4. iindlela zeLebhu kwakhona negalelo nasekufundweni sifo. Kulo mzekelo, ugqirha unakho ukumisela urinalysis. Kwakhona ukufunda cytological ezifanelekileyo yodaka womchamo.

isigaba

Kukho izigaba ezine umhlaza isinyi, kuxhomekeke kwindlela esi sifo "eyadubulayo" emzimbeni.

1. Epithelium. Kulo mzekelo, umhlaza ke ngaphakathi emzimbeni mucosal - epithelium. Unyango kakhulu lula wenziwe kwaye ongenayo iziphumo ezicacileyo.
2. Submucosal umaleko, leyo isebenza njengesiseko epithelium kunye izihlunu zomzimba. Kweli nqanaba, umhlaza ikhula engasekho ijwabu kwezihlunu.
3. inyama Adipose kunye lwesinye. Xa Isigaba sesithathu nethumba ikhula elidana data zeethishu.
4. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela ithumba sikhulele zibe amalungu ekufutshane - isibeleko, lobufazi, amathambo zangasese kunye esiswini. Iyafuna esithi kule meko unyango phantse zange kukhokelela ekufumaneni umguli, njengoko metastases kuchaphazela amalungu amaninzi kakhulu.

ngezigaba

Further Ukuhlelwa histological komhlaza lwesinye uza kuqwalaselwa. Ngenxa yoko, yamathumba kulo mzekelo zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

ngamathumba Epithelial. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu - malunga ne 97% amatyala.

1. Perehodnokletochnaya papilloma.
2. Ploskoletochnaya papilloma.
3. umhlaza Perehodnokletochny.
4. cell carcinoma carcinomas.
5. Adenocarcinoma.
6. Umhlaza ukuba ayikwazi ingafani.

Iyafuna besithi umhlaza perehodnokletochny isinyi nohlulwe ohlobo ezininzi:

1. Nge metaplasia glandular.
2. Nge metaplasia carcinomas.
3. Consolidated Version - kunye metaplasia glandular kunye carcinomas.

yamathumba Non-epithelial:

1. Amabi, (umz rhabdomyosarcoma).
2. Ebubonisayo.

yamathumba iqela Mixed:

1. Lymphoma.
2. Carcinosarcoma.
3. wolusu nabanye.

utshintsho Non-tumorous:

1. Polypoid okanye papillary "Ngokuzimela".
2. Esinganyangekiyo "Ngokuzimela".
3. liqhubu ezinezikhondo.
4. Von Brunn iindlwane, kunye nabanye.

Ithumba intshabalalo:

1. Gemartomy.
2. Cysts.
3. Amyloidosis.
4. Njl Endometriosis.
5. A Kwakhona nangezilonda neklasifitsiruemye kunye kuwenza.

unyango

Iindlela zonyango iya kuxhomekeka kanye into uhlobo lomhlaza uyaqapheleka kumguli. Enoba kunjalo, kufuneka kunokuthiwa kwimeko apho iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo kufuneka ufune uncedo lonyango. Ngapha koko, umhlaza unyango esinyini usaqala basengaba. Xa usebenzisa esi sifo asinyangeki.

umhlaza phezulu: unyango

Ndingafumanisa njani ukuba ikhangeleka ngathi nomhlaza isinyi phezulu? Amafoto kulo mzekelo - welikhaya yokuqala. Ukuba ezinomdla, ungenza cela ugqirha ukuba bakuxelele ngakumbi malunga nesifo kunye nokubonelela ezahlukeneyo neefoto. Noko ke, oogqirha ngokwabo musa babenze, ngokuba izenzo ezinjalo ukuba oyike nje isigulane. A phezulu umhlaza ithumba Ukwakheka ngaphakathi epithelium, ingangena kwi ijwabu kwezihlunu. Kulo mzekelo, esi sifo yayisathe kakuhle kunyango, kwaye isigulane ukuphelisa le ngxaki.

1. Nohambo, ie resection transurethral. Le nqubo diagnostic nje kuphela (biopsy), kodwa kwakhona ephilisa izakhiwo. Kulo mzekelo, ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo, isigulane lizakususa thumba. Noko ke, ndimele ndithi ukuba emva kwenzeka likakade ngo-50% yezigulane.
2. Ngaba ukunciphisa izinga yokuphinda usebenzisa zonke ezaziwayo lugonyo lwe-BCG intravesical okanye amanye amalungiselelo zonyango ( "Doxorubicin", "Mitomycin" et al.).
3. Emva kokuba inkqubo nohambo isigulane kufuneka bangenele routine kuhlolwa njengesiqhelo. Kulo mzekelo, kuya kuba lula ukufumanisa ixesha lokuba abuyele kwesi sifo.
4. Ukuba ithumba emva kususwa kwakhona "ukubuya", ngokufuthi oogqirha bacebise izigulane ukuba ukubhenela uqhaqho ngakumbi olukhulu - isinye. Kulo mzekelo, isigulane luza kususwa ngokupheleleyo esinyini (i-organ iya kuyilwa ukusuka kwicandelo ethunjini), nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko ukusinda.

sisifo somhlaza wesibeleko esigqibeleleyo: unyango

Kulo mzekelo, nethumba kusichukumisa nje kuphela inwebu yesihlunu lwesinye, kodwa ngaphandle komzimba. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba xa le fomu kwesi sifo kakhulu kwandisa umngcipheko nkovu node Ukudlulela. Yintoni, ke, enokusetyenziswa iindlela ukubatshabalalisa ingxaki?

1. Sisebenzayo kweli tyala isinye ne lymphadenectomy, ngamanye ukususwa lwesinye kunye ezalathelwe uphuhliso nkovu lwengingqi.
2. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokuba kusetyenziswa LWANGO inkqubo ngasentla, kwakunye mochevika ezivulekileyo buso.
3. Kakade ke, nayo ngempumelelo ngayo ichemotherapy.

umhlaza ngokubanzi: unyango

Esi sifo kubandakanya ubukho metastases. Amaninzi ke kwenzeka, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe apha ngentla, xa ekufuphi kwiindawo nkovu kwakunye lung, isibindi, namathambo. Konke oko kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha ingenza isindululo - yinto ichemotherapy enamandla, nekufuneka wenziwe kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Kusenokuba iziyobisi "Vinblastine", "Methotrexate", "Doxorubicin", kunye nabanye. Noko ke, ndimele ndithi ukuba zonke ezi machiza abakhuselekanga. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba sizisebenzise kuphela ngemvume ugqirha khona.

ukusinda

umhlaza phezulu. ngonyaka-Five ukusinda lwezigulane eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye yi-80%.

umhlaza lwesinye wesibeleko esigqibeleleyo. elingama seminyaka emihlanu se 50-55% kwi-avareji.

Kuwenza (okanye ngokubanzi) umhlaza lwesinye. nyaka-Five iphile malunga nama-20% (kwi unyango qualitative).

ukudla

Ukutya kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umhlaza lwesinye. Ngenxa yokuba kaninzi, izigulane abafumana nedosi ye-radiation okanye chemotherapy, nje "aphelelwe 'umzimba ufuna izondlo kunye neevithamini. Bayakwazi ukugcwalisa phezulu nje amayeza kuphela, kodwa ke ukudla "ekunene".

1. Zokutya ze isigulane kufuneka ibe okunesondlo. Enyanisweni, izigulane badla ukunciphisa umzimba kwaye kufuneka ngokutsha imikhosi yazo.
2. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba izigulane ezinomhlaza wafumana imali eyaneleyo protini. Iyafuna esithi ukuba kukutya kakhulu ekukhuleni protein yamathumba wesibindi isinye kusihla.
3. Ukutyiwa inyama kufuneka aphathwe ngokuqaphela. Izazinzulu lubonise ukuba inyama ebomvu kukhokelela ukukhuthazwa umhlaza. Ngoko ke, kuqala kufuneka banikwe ephantsi-inqatha eliphezu kwencum yenkuku kunye umvundla.
4. Kwakhona, isigulane kufuneka ukutya intlanzi.