Yokulinganisa umanyano - a ... 102-FZ "Xa ukuqinisekisa umanyano ngokwemilinganiso"

Le nkqubo womlinganiselo na indawo ekhethekileyo eluntwini. Lonke inani ezikhoyo kufuneka kulawulwa ngumthetho. Xa Russian Federation isebenza uMthetho Federal "Kwi lwesilimo ngokwemilinganiso", nto leyo eza kuxoxwa banzi kweli nqaku.

imigomo FZ

Ngokutsho Inqaku 1 №102-FZ, iinjongo thaca kumgaqo zezi:

• lokhuseleko, ezisemthethweni, amalungelo kunye nenkululeko zabemi kunye urhulumente amaxabiso ukungathembeki kulinganiswa;
• besomeleza isiseko somthetho ekuqinisekiseni efanayo ngokwemilinganiso kummandla karhulumente Russian;
• ukukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho Russian kunye nenkqubela yenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa;
• ubonelelo zikarhulumente kufuneka bafumane iziphumo umlinganiselo njongo, ezithembekileyo ezifanayo, ezino kusetyenziswa ukukhusela zehlabathi, urhulumente kunye nabemi.

ukusebenza inani umsebenzi 102-FZ, ngoko ke ilula kakhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ebanzi kakhulu. ubunye State ngokwemilinganiso - yeyona umgaqo ibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni eyiyo ngokupheleleyo naliphi na ilizwe. Ngqo ukwamkhulu njani lo mgaqo kwaye akhuselekile? Impendulo yalo mbuzo iya kunikwa kwinqaku elilandelayo lichaza isenzo emisiweyo.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo of Law

Ingqiqo ibalulekileyo ummiselo "ukulandeleka". Oku, ngokutsho Inqaku 2 oyilwayo, imeko ezikhethekileyo ngokwemilinganiso apho iziphumo zibonakaliswa kwiiyunithi kuvunyelwa ukuba amaxabiso Russian kwaye amazinga ukuchaneka womlinganiselo mazingaze zidlulele ngaphaya kwemida kakuhle echazwe. Umlinganiselo ubizo iseti lwemisebenzi ukuba yenziwa ukwenzela ukumisela amaxabiso uhlobo oluninzi.

Ngomhla kummandla karhulumente Russian, iyunithi ekhethekileyo umgangatho womlinganiselo - ubungakanani standard, eyeye yonke nakwiimanyano ezichaphazelekileyo. Umgangatho kufuneka sibekwe ukusebenza emva nokuqiniselwa ndlela yokulinganisa.

Umthetho esisigxina kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Noko ke, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukuba imiqathango kunye neemfuneko zenxalenye enkulu. Oku ngazo kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kamva.

Iimfuneko ngemilinganiselo kunye neeyunithi nobungakanani

Imilinganiselo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokungqinelana neenkqubo ezilawulwa ngokungqongqo ngurhulumente. Techniques kufuneka kudlule isatifikethi okhethekileyo, wavumela urhulumente Russian. Inkqubo isiqinisekiso isoloko kumiselwe ngabasemagunyeni olawulo. Kukho iindidi ezimbini ngeendlela: referent eziziiprayimari kwaye ulandele ireferensi. Ezi iindlela ezimbini musa kwahluka kakhulu enye kwenye. Enyanisweni, iindlela reference ilandelayo ekuhloleni indlela zaseprayimari.

Yaye yintoni iimfuno angafaka isicelo kwiiyunithi ubungakanani? Zizo ezi izinto ekufuneka idluliselwe imilinganiselo iindlela, iinkqubo zobugcisa, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo yokulinganisa, njl Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: ezinxulumene nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe emiselwe yi kwiNkomfa General yaye enxulumene kunye nemigaqo Russian. Iimpawu kunye nokuxabiseka parameters leeyunithi, umzekelo imveliso kumazwe angaphandle iya kufakwa, phantsi isivumelwano kunye ngumthengi.

Iimfuno yemigangatho yomlinganiselo kunye neesampuli standard

Ukulandeleka - into enokuthi ayisekho ngaphandle isiseko ekhethekileyo yemigangatho. imigangatho Primary, kuba ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 7 lomThetho Federal phantsi ingqalelo, asikwazi phantsi babucala. Iinkcukacha ngazo benziwe uvimba ekhethekileyo owadalwa ngugunyaziwe olawulayo. Imigangatho eziqulathwe, zahlolwa isetyenziswe amaziko emelroloji ethile eRashiya. Ukuthelekisa ne amaxabiso emiselwe yi-International Bureau of nobuNzima Measures, luxanduva abo basebenza kunye nemigangatho.

Yintoni iisampulu standard kwaye kufuneka ukuba ibe? Ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 8 kukubonelela ukuzala, ukutshintshela ubume kunye neempawu ze-izinto, kwakunye yokugcina yabo nasekufundweni kwemisebenzi indlela ebaluleke ukuthi engenziwa ngokusebenzisa iisampuli eqhelekileyo.

Malunga izixhobo zokulinganisela

Zeziphi izixhobo yemilinganiselo? Ngokutsho uMthetho Federal "Xa ukuqinisekisa umanyano ngokwemilinganiso" kukho izinto ukuba avavanywe ziye kwaye zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa imithetho ezisekiweyo Russian Federation nemigangatho ukuthotyelwa efanayo ngokwemilinganiso. Oku kuthetha ezizodwa, apho ezibekwe iimfuno zomthetho zobugcisa metrological ukulungiselela ukusebenza uze utshintshe izinto ntetho.

Zonke izixhobo zokulinganisa kufuneka ziyilwe ngokuthintela ukufikelela kwiindawo ezithile nomlinganiselo. Injongo ukusetyenziswa izixhobo kukuthintela uqwalaselo olungagunyaziswanga kunye nongenelelo, nto leyo enokukhokelela uhlaba iziphumo yomlinganiselo.

On UMmiselo State

Ukulandeleka - le meko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba urhulumente kunye noluntu. Amasebe ngamnye kunye arhente kunye negunya yoluntu iya kunyanzeleka ukuba avelise ulawulo lomgangatho izixhobo yomlinganiselo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezisisiseko yommiselo karhulumente entsimini umanyano womlinganiselo.

Into yokuqala edulusele ngaphandle eqinisekise iimathiriyeli zesalalhiso okanye izixhobo yokulinganisa. Olu hlobo lomsebenzi lwenziwa yi ngugunyaziwe olawulayo, kunye namanye amaziko ophando kunye nemibutho. Uhlobo lwesibini yommiselo karhulumente ezinxulumene ukuqinisekiswa yokulinganisa izixhobo kunye nobuchule ekhethekileyo metrological. Le yinkalo ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni imilinganiselo efanayo. Metrology nesiqinisekiso ubuchule yokulinganisa balandela imilo kweliso karhulumente. Oku kubandakanya ukulandelwa kunye neenkqubo eqinisekisiweyo, imveliso kunye nokupakishwa kwempahla, kwakunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

ekulinganisweni Pro, ukuvunywa nokulungelelanisa mali eyodwa

Izahluko 4-5 yomthetho Federal phantsi kovavanyo, sixelele malunga yeendima ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo ukuqinisekisa umanyano yomlinganiselo. YoLungiso-sandi lweSihambisi ichazwe kwinqaku 18, kukho ezininzi imisebenzi eyahlukileyo ukuba yenziwa ukwenzela ukufumanisa ezi amaxabiso leMitroloji. inkqubo yongqanianiso kufuneka lwenziwe kusetyenziswa imigangatho. Yenza ekulinganisweni nga eqinisekisiweyo kuphela iingcali.

Iziphumo zenkqubo yongqanianiso ibhalwe amaxwebhu ethile, ekufuneka kuxhomekeka uqinisekiso. Hi ndlela leyi, uqinisekiso na indawo eyodwa kwinkqubo karhulumente indlela yomlinganiselo efanayo. Yinkqubo lilawulwa nguMthetho Federal "Kwi-National Accreditation System." Amanyathelo kwinkqubo yokuvunywa womlinganiselo iquka iimvavanyo lwezixhobo zokufunda okanye izixhobo zokulinganisa, izixhobo umlinganiselo kwimibhobho womlinganiselo, ukuqinisekiswa iindlela zemilinganiselo kakhulu ngakumbi.

YoLungiso-sandi, uqinisekiso lwezixhobo, kwakunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi umlinganiselo yingxowa-mali ulwazi esikhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa umanyano womlinganiselo. Ulawula umsebenzi-mali elawulayo arhente ye kwinqanaba federal karhulumente.

Ubutyala kunye nezezimali

imisebenzi mali endle umanyano womlinganiselo kungenxa-mali yase Russia. Intlawulo ye imisebenzi ezifanelekileyo kunye neenkonzo zikwaluxanduva karhulumente. Nayiphi usetyenziso lithetha ixabiso eliphantsi kungase kube nobutyala okanye yoluntu. Hi ndlela leyi, ubeka uxanduva kumagosa achaphazelekayo ukuze kwenzelwa naziphi na ukunyhashwa iimfuno kumlinganiselo imigangatho, imiqathango kunye nemilinganiselo iinkqubo yomlinganiselo kunye Ukulinganiswa, njl