Yintoni imyuziyam? A kuphambuko emfutshane

Museum! Kanye eninzi ingqondo kule lizwi! A Inani rarities eziqulethwe kusehla ekuwo, kwakunye iindleko zabo. Ezinye avuleke akazange abe ixabiso, kuba yalondolozwa ikopi enye kubo bonke abantu! Yintoni imyuziyam? Ukusuka apho umbono yenzululwazi, kuba liziko ezentlalo nenkcubeko eqokelela, izifundo, ukugcina yonke imisebenzi yobugcisa, isayensi nethekhinoloji, kwakunye imbali kunye nezinye iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Njengomgaqo, abaninzi iimyuziyam ababandakanyekayo kwakhona wokukhanya, ebhenca zakudala zabo ezinqwenelekayo kwisikrini.

Apho kuye imyuziyam apho?

Yaqal 'inkathazo xa abathile evela lweengqokelela zabucala (ukuba zikhona). Yintoni imyuziyam? Kumaxesha amandulo umbandela 'ukuqokelela "kakhulu vutshila. KumaXesha Aphakathi, ukuqokelela ii icon, iimbumbulu ibandla, esele abangcwele. A iimyuziyam yokuqala zenzululwazi kuvela eYurophu (Renaissance). Bona kugcwele izimbiwa, izixhobo zophando, izinto ngenkcazo. Le myuziyam loluntu yokuqala eRashiya - Kakade ke, yokufuna ulwazi! Njengoko isiseko yokuqokelela kwayo wasiwa ukuqokelelwa uPetros Enkulu: izixhobo, imikrolo, imizobo kunye eqingqiweyo beentlanga ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye nezixhobo, oomatshini, izixhobo ukuba unomdla kakhulu komlawuli.

Ukuhlelwa ngokweendidi nemisebenzi

Ubukhulu becala, zonke iimyuziyam yehlabathi singahlukaniswa uhlobo ekubonwa kubo ubungcali ezenziwa ngabantu into kuboniswa kule mboniso. Ngoko ke, kukho imbali, ubugcisa, zobugcisa, uncwadi, yenzululwazi kunye namaziko ophando. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo olondolozo, kwaye ezi afunyanwa rhoqo kakhulu. Umzekelo, lwenzululwazi-zemfundo okanye nembali-boncwadi. Kukho olondolozo lwembali, ibotshelelwe kwindawo ethile okanye umntu othile. Umzekelo, i-Aivazovsky Museum eCrimea. Zonke ezi amaziko kufuneka imisebenzi ethile ephathelele kwimfundo noqeqesho, ukuyilwa kwimbono ubuhle zehlabathi, usisithunzi iziganeko eziye zenzeka kuluntu ngelo xesha. Kananjalo - nentlangano lwemisebenzi lokuzonwabisa, efana abantwana esikolweni okanye abafundi. Inqanaba yophuhliso "museology" uthetha ngqo malunga nenqanaba kweenkcubeko lizwe kunye nabantu abahlala kulo. Ngenxa yokuba indlela labemi bobabo elidlulileyo - ikhusela imbeko kuye okanye ulibele - bekusoloko ngumzuzu ocacisa ukuba ikamva abantu kunye namazwe.

Isibonelelo zokuqokelela nokugcina

Yintoni imyuziyam? Ukuzimisela ukunika nayiphi isichazi-magama okanye encyclopedia. NgesiGrike, oko - "indlu yena", oko kukuthi igumbi apho kuhlala yena. Ekuqaleni, lo ingqiqo ngokwayo kwakuthetha ingqokelela yezinto zobugcisa. Kamva - indawo (isakhiwo), apho zifumaneka nemiboniso. Ngenxa uphuhliso Internet kubakho iimyuziyam virtual ezikhoyo kuphela nge-elektroniki. Njengoko kwakunye panorama emihle ukhenketho makarekhodwe disc. Oko kakhulu, uyabona, Kuyinto elula kakhulu. Ngapha koko, le serekhodi zingajongwa ngaphandle kokushiya ekhaya ngaphandle kokuya naphi na! Kodwa, ngaphandle nje kokuba esi imyuziyam, sithetha ngokuyintloko iziko zokuqokelela, ukugcina kunye kuboniswa obala ezilandelayo nemiboniso.

EYurophu,

Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18 de sesichengeni ngoku kawonke - yinxalenye yobomi kumazwe amaninzi. I-museum lokuqala "le show" - UK e London (1753). Ngexesha lotyelelo lwakhe kwafuneka ukuba yabhalwa! E France, i Louvre (1793) waye kwiziko loluntu lokuqala kubantu ababefuna ukubona imiboniso ziyaxhonywa neeflaski, ukuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba uthinte, njengoko kunjalo ngoku.

Edume

1. Louvre. Le ibekwe eFransi. Le yenye lwembali ezininzi watyelela ehlabathini, isinye kwisithathu ixabiso layo. Elise kweenxweme Seine (ekunene), xa intliziyo ka Paris. It is a imyuziyam yesizwe French. Obukhulu kakhulu edumileyo igcinwe khona, "Mona Lisa" (imizobo enkulu Da Vinci), "Venera Milosskaya", "Nika Samofrakiyskaya" (sculpture yamandulo Greek).

2. komhlaba. Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na mboniso kwi Museum - a real, kakhulu - kufuneka utyelele le imyuziyam, nto leyo ibekwe eNew York. Le ise epakini kwi Fifth Avenue. Yasekwa liqela abathanda ngo-1870 ukususela imiboniso emikhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle kuboniswa apho, zakudala zaseYiputa, eAfrika eqingqiweyo Eastern, imizobo yi Monet ne Leonardo.

3. Hermitage. Ifunyanwa eRashiya, kwaye ingqokelela enkulu imiboniso, kukho ukuya imisebenzi nezigidi ezithathu ezikhumbuzo zenkcubeko. Le imikrolo, ukupeyinta, kunye nezinto zobugcisa isicelo nezacholo gallery (Gold ukugcinwa kunye Diamond). Ngokubanzi, ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni museum na, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ubuncinane kanye ebomini ukutyelela Hermitage!

Le ebizwa ngokuba "lwembali kubantu abadala," elaziwa umYiputa, British, Vatican Museum, i-National Gallery kunye nabanye.

Yintoni Museum yabantwana?

Phakathi kwezona umdla amaziko abantwana kule hlobo kwindawo yokuqala, mhlawumbi, kuthatha Steiger Toy Museum, nto leyo ifumaneka e-Czech Republic. Iqulethe ingqokelela ekhethekileyo kubantwana, nto leyo eya phambili iminyaka emininzi. kwezihombo apha kweediliya iKrismesi, namajoni nebhekile, yokudlala kunye mihla ngakumbi. Eli ziko iyavumelana ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi walo - imfundo isizukulwana esitsha ngokusebenzisa ukufunda imbali.

More on isihloko abantwana: i imyuziyam Sharlya Perro eFransi, apho amakhwenkwe kumkhawulela amanani zabalinganiswa fairytale of Yanjengomthwebeba; Museum of Astrid Lindgren eSweden, kwakunye Museum kunye Moomin Museum of Magic eNgilani. Yonke zintle indlela yabo, kodwa kukho zixhaphakile: apho abantwana awufuni ukushiya!