Yintoni eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yokupakisha. Indlela yokukhetha izinto zokupakisha

Izinto zokulungisa uphahla lwephahla kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezikhoyo. Akukhona nje ngokubonakala kwabo, kodwa kunye neendawo zabo zokusebenza. Izinto ezikhoyo zokuhlalisa uphahla kufuneka zikhusele ngokuqinisekileyo isakhiwo kwifuthe elibi lezinto zangaphandle. Okokuqala, ngumoya, imvula, iqhwa kunye nezinye izipho. Ngaba kukho naziphi izinto ezingcono zokupakisha? Masizame ukukuqonda oku ngakumbi.

Ulwazi jikelele

Kwimarike namhlanje zininzi iintlobo zezinto zokwakha uphahla. Iingubo zikwahlulwa ngokwemiqathango. Kule nkalo, ukhetha izinto zokupakisha, kufuneka uqikelele oku kulandelayo:

• Injongo yesakhiwo. Izakhiwo zingaba indawo yokuhlala, ezoshishino, ezoqoqosho, ikhaya. Ngokuhambelana nale nto, iingubo kunye nezinye iipropati zikhethiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, izinto eziphathekayo zokuphahla kwephahla logaraji zingabonakali zikhangeleka njengezakhiwo zokuhlala.
• Uqikelelwe ngexesha lokuphila kwengubo kunye nesakhiwo ngokubanzi.
• Ubunxibelelwano bezinto eziphathekayo ophahleni ukuya kwinqanaba lophahla.
• Ukunyaniseka kokufakela nokugcinwa kwesondlo.
• Ukuthotyelwa kwimizila yanamhlanje.
• Iipropati zokugcina izinto ezingenangqiqo kunye nolondolozo.

Udidi oluphambili

Izambatho zihlukaniswe ngo:

• Lukhulu.
• KuKhanya.
• Ukuba / engenawo umhlaba ongenawo amanzi.
• Okunye.

Iingcali zithi i-coverage epheleleyo kunye neyona nto ingekho, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, akukho mzekelo opheleleyo "weengcamango". Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba: izinto eziphathekayo ophahleni lwephahla kufuneka zihambelane ne-rafter system kunye nezinye izicwangciso zesakhiwo kunye nesakhiwo ngokupheleleyo.

Ubunxibe bengubo

Ngokuhambelana nale khonkco, izinto zokupakisha zingabakho:

• IMaminera.
• OMnxeba.
• I-Organic.

Kwi-assortment enkulu, izinto ezisetyenziswayo zakutshanje ziyakhweba namhlanje. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iindawo ezithandwa kakhulu kwiingubo zokugcoba ziyi-shingle kunye neengca. Izinto zokuphahla zolu hlobo lwephahla zingahlala kwi-5-7 ukuya kuma-25-30. Ezi zibandakanya, ngokukodwa, i-bitumen-polymmer, iipolym neengubo zebhitum. Ukugqithiswa kwezi zambatho ukungazinzi kwe-oxygen kunye ne-UV ray. Ngaphantsi kweempembelelo zezi zinto, izixhobo zikhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, ezinye ziyakonakalisa. Zonke iingubo ezigcobayo ziyavutha. Kancinci kancinci ububanzi bamaminerali (babizwa nangokuthi "ilitye") izinto. Kuze kube kutshanje, iileyile kunye neetereyili ziqhelekile kweli candelo. Namhlanje, iingubo zamanje ziye zavela. Ngokukodwa, ezi zi -sheet ze-asbestos-sement (i-slate) kunye neeteliti ze-santini. Ezi zinto zizinzileyo kunezinto eziphilayo. Iingubo zengubo zengxube zingamelana nemisebe ye-UV kwaye iyakwazi ukubola. Nangona kunjalo, abayinyamezeli ukutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kakuhle. Amashishini omnxeba aquka izinto zokwenza iphepha. Njengento eluhlaza, ubhedu, i-zinc, kunye nentsimbi kusetyenziswa. Ukucwangcisa, xa kuthelekiswa nazo zonke iingubo ezikuloluhlu, aluhlali kangako. Ixesha layo lokusebenza alikho iminyaka engama-50. Kodwa iingubo zethusi kunye ne-zinc zingapheli ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-100.

Olunye uhlobo

Izinto eziphathekayo zokupakisha zingaba:

• Isinyithi esicwecwe okanye esichaziweyo.
• I-Bitumen-fibrous (i-bitumen-impregnated fiber synthetic).
• I-asbestos-samente (isinyithi, i-ondulin nabanye).
• I-polymeric yebala.

Izinto eziphathekayo kuphahla oluphahlalayo uphahla:

• I-Roll (isikhumba, izinto zokuphahla kunye nokuguqulwa kwayo).
• Ifilimu (i-rubber ne-membranes).
• Isiqwenga (isithwathwa semvelo, ityile, ithambileyo, kubandakanywa).
• Mastics (bituminous and polymeric).

Nangona kunjalo, ulwahlulo olunikeziweyo lunokuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo ngokomqathango, kuba, umz

Slate

Eli nqaku lokukhahlalisa lihlala lifunwa. Enye yeenzuzo zengubo yindleko ephantsi. I-Slate yenziwe nge-portland samente kunye ne-asbestos encinane. Icandelo lokuqala liqulethe u-85%, okwesibini - 15%. Emva kobunzima, ukubunjwa kwe-asbestos fibers kwakha. Inika amandla okuqina kunye nobunzima. Iingubo ze-Slate zihlala zihlala zikhuselekile kwaye umlilo unqabile. Ama-analogues aseYurophu ezi zinto zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zizinzile Abakhi baqaphela ukukhululeka kokubeka kunye nokuqhaqha. Ukulungiswa, izikhonkwane ezikhethekileyo okanye izipikili zisetyenziselwa. Ukuthintela ukuvuza kwemipu, ukufakwa kweerubha kusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokuncedisa. Enye yezinto ezingenakunqandwa kwi-slate yinto enokwenzeka yokuyisebenzisa kuphela kwizakhiwo ezigxiliweyo. Ukongezelela, phantsi kweempembelelo zentlambo yezulu, ama-microcracks avela phezulu. Xa amanzi angena kuwo, umonakalo uya kuba mkhulu, okhokelela ekutshatyalaliswa kwengubo. Ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo kunye nokuphucula iipropati zemihlobiso, amashidi e-slate agqitywe ngee-pigment compositions ngexesha lokuvelisa. Ngenxa yoko, isalathisi sokukhusela senziwa phezu komhlaba. Ngombulelo kuye, i-slate isebenza ixesha elide kunye nesiqingatha, kwaye ukukhululwa kwe-asbestos kwimoya kuncinci.

Iphepha le-bituminous fibrous

Le ngcaciso yokuphahla kwendlu inegama elinye - "euroshift". Ingumzekelo weengubo ezichazwe ngasentla. I-Euroshift ikwahlulo lwezixhobo zanamhlanje. E-Rashiya, igama eliqhelekileyo lale ngubo i-ondulin (ngohlobo oludumile). Ubume beemakhishithi zifana ne-slate. Into ehlukile ye-ondulin yinto elula yokusetyenziswa kwayo kunye namandla angaphezulu. Ingubo ilula kakhulu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uyibeke phezu kophahla, ngaphandle kokususa izinto ezindala kwaye ungasomeleza inkqubo ye-truss. Iishishini ze-Euroshade ziyakwazi ukuxhaswa ngumoya kunye nemithwalo yekhephu. Esinye isifananiso isembatho, evelisa i-polymeric efana. Inkqubo yokuvelisa isebenzisa indlela yokuxhuma. Kwakhona, ngexesha lokwenziwa komsebenzi, amakhishithi abonakele. Iingenelo zalo mbhinqo zingamandla, ukukhanya okulula, ukumelana nomlilo, ukumelana neendawo ze-asidi kunye ne-alkaline, ubungqonge bendalo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-shades kunye nokuzinza. Nangona kunjalo, loo ngcaciso ingafakwa phezu kophahla kunye nenqabana ye-15%.

Zokutshiza ezintsha

Namhlanje, izinto eziphathekayo zokuthumba othobileyo zithandwa kakhulu. Xa ukuveliswa, amakhadibhodi okanye ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo ezingekho ukubola zisetyenziswa. Ngokukodwa, ukuvelisa kusetyenziswa i-fiberglass, i-polyester okanye i-fiberglass. Zihlanganiswe ngebhitumeni ecocekileyo okanye zixutywe ne-polymeri. Ezi zambatho zihlukaniswe ngo:

• SBS-iguqulwe. Ziqulethe ngaphantsi kwe-10-12% yecandelo lepolymer. Ukubambisa okunjalo kunxibe kakhulu nakwiqondo eliphantsi.
• APP-iguqulwe. Ziqulethe kwi-25% yecandelo lepolymer. Ukubambisa okunjalo kunamandla okushisa.

Izinto ezivela kwicandelo lesibini zisetyenziselwa ikakhulukazi kwiindawo ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, ukususela kwindawo yokuqala-kwiimeko zezulu zaseRashiya.

Iingubo ezilula ze-bituminous-roll

Ziquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ruberoid, isiseko saloo makhadi, isinyithi, i-foil kunye nabanye. Iingubo ezinjalo zisetyenziselwa i-hydro ne-insertion insulator. Inqanawa kunye nebala lokugubungela i-roofing kunye nephahla. Enye yeempazamo ezibalulekileyo zengubo ezinjalo kufuneka zibhekiswe kwixesha elincinci lokusebenza-engaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu. Izinto eziqhotyoshelweyo zandise uvakalelo kwimimangaliso yezulu. Abayinyamezeli utshintsho lokushisa, ii-UV kunye nemvula. Abaninzi bafuna ukugcina nokufumana loo ngxelo. Nangona kunjalo, kamva ubuncinci bokuqala buya kubangela iindleko ezinkulu zemali. Iimpawu ezingaphezulu zizo ezo zinto zikhoyo zikhoyo: i-metal-isol kunye ne-foil-isol.

Iingubo eziphambili

Xa ulungelelanisa iindawo eziphakamileyo zokuhlamba, kunye nokubekwa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi, izinto zokucoca ngokusekelwe kwi-fiberglass, i-polyester okanye uboya beglasi. Phakathi kwabo, umzekelo, kuyafaneleka ukuphawula i-rubestek, i-bikrost, i-linocrom, i-rubemast, i-glassbite. Njengomthetho, zisetyenziselwa kwisakhiwo esicacileyo kunye nesigxina (kunye nomthamo we-25%). Ukuba umthamo ukhulu, ngoko kwiindawo ezifudumalayo izinto eziphathekayo ziyakunqumla phezu kwephahla. I-Mastic isetyenziselwa ukulungisa iingubo. Enye into engeyiyo inzuzo yinkqubo yokufakela ulwahlulo oluninzi usebenzisa iigrave kunye namatye amatye. Ngokubanzi, ubomi beengubo zi malunga neminyaka eyi-15.

Isiqwenga seengubo

Kule nqanaba zibandakanya iileyili, izinto eziphathekayo kunye nezetsimbi zokuphahla kophahla (umfanekiso weempawu ezithile kubonakala kwinqaku). Iingubo ezinjalo zifakwe ngokubanzi kwiimenard kunye nezakhiwo ze-hip kunye nomthamo omkhulu. Kwizinto eziqhelekileyo zolu hlobo zibandakanya itileyamu, i-shingles ne-slate slate. Le ndlela yokugqibela ihlukaniswe ngokuhlala kwayo kunye neempawu eziphezulu zokuzihombisa. I-gonti yipenki yokhuni kunye neendawo zokurhola kunye nesigaba somnqamlezo esifane. Zibekwa kwiindawo eziliqela. Iitera zeCeramic zibhekwa njengengubo "yamandulo". Le ngongoma yindawo enobungani, inokuhlala (ubomi benkonzo bungaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu), kunye neempawu eziphezulu zekhwalithi. Namhlanje, iintlobo zontathu zethala zisetyenziswa ekwakheni:

• Grooved. Kule meko, imigqa ephezulu neyezantsi ifakwe emacaleni athile. Isiphumo siphumo esiphucukileyo.
• Pazovoy. Ingubo enjalo isasazeka ngendlela ye "shell". Ukulungisa izixhobo komnye nomnye, uxhulumaniso lokukhiya lusetyenziswa.
• Flat. Kwakhona kuthiwa "umsila we-beaver". Ngethuba lokufakela, into ephezulu ihlanganisa umdibaniso phakathi kwezi zibini ezantsi.

Kukho i-tile yesanti. Ekuveleni kwayo, isanti se-quartz, i-pigide ye-oxide kunye ne-Portland samente iyasetyenziswa. Le ingubo ayitshisi phantsi kwelanga elithe ngqo, inamandla amakhulu kunye nobomi obude. Ukongezelela, izinto eziphathekayo zingenakuvutha umlilo, zinezixhobo ezizenzekelayo kunye nokuqhutyelwa kobushushu obuphantsi. Faka isimbofu esingcono kumhlaba ophahleni. Ukufakwa kungenziwa yedwa ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kweqela leengcali.

OMnxeba

Namhlanje eli nqaku liqhelekileyo. Iintlobo zeengubo zensimbi ziquka ucoceko, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nomlilo kunye nobunzima obunzima. Phakathi kweemigodi kufanelekile ukuphawula ukukhutshwa komonakalo, ukufudumala okuhle kunye nokuqhuba kakuhle. Ekuveleni kwezinto eziphathekayo, zombini ishidi kunye neengqayi izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zisetyenzisiweyo: isinyithi, i-duralumin, izitya zethusi kunye negolide ezenziwe ngamatye, iintsimbi zetsimbi zetampu. Ukufakela ingubo, kuyimfuneko ukutsala iingcali. Namhlanje ezithandwa kakhulu zihanjiswe kunye neeshici zetsimbi. Zihlanganiswe ngoluhlu olukhethekileyo lokukhusela ubhedu, i-titanium kunye ne-alloy alloy, okuthintela ukubonakala kwe-corrosion.