Yintoni eyenza "Khrushchev 'ukusuka' brezhnevki", "stalinka": neempawu, eziluncedo nezingeloncedo Apartments

Emarikeni yezindlu zamabanga ezininzi izixeko Russian "ubukumkani" iintlobo ezintathu zokuhlala, "stalinka", "Khrushchev" yaye "brezhnevki". Kuba abo banomdla ekuthengeni okanye athengisa ezi ndawo kubalulekile ukuze ubone ngokucacileyo umahluko phakathi kwabo, silazi eziluncedo isitshixo nezingeloncedo zokuhlala ezinjalo.

Eyona engundoqo Iintlobo zokuhlala

Phambi kokuba ufunde umahluko phakathi "Breznev 'ukusuka' Khrushchev" yaye "stalinka", sichaza zonke iintlobo ezisisiseko zokuhlala ku Russia:

• yokuhlala Stalin kaThixo. Zokuhlala zindlu zakhiwe ebudeni bolawulo JV Stalin - kwiminyaka 1930-1940.
• "Khrushchev". Apartments izitena okanye olwalusele amakhaya, kakhulu ukwakhiwa 1950-1960 gg.
• "Brezhnevki". ezindlini eqhelekileyo kwizakhiwo multifamily, eyakhiwa ngo 1960-1980 gg.
• "Uluchshenki". Apartments oluphuculweyo kuyilo kumakhaya-1980. indawo hlukile banda, indlu yangasese eyahlukileyo, ikhitshi kunye balcony ezinkulu (balcony); indlu lokulahla inkunkuma, ikheshi.
• ekhaya Modern monolithic. Banzi open-plan indlu, iyimitha ezahlukeneyo isilingi, ngeendonga omeleleyo ixesha elide.
• Apartments emakhaya olwalusele Modular mihla.

Ukuze uqonde umahluko phakathi "Khrushchev 'ukusuka' brezhnevki" okanye "stalinka", chaza ngokufutshane iqela ngalinye zokuhlala.

"Stalinka": indawo evulekileyo nakwiisilingi eliphezulu

ekhaya Stalin kaThixo - kukuba ngandlel 'ithile nayo indalo emangalisayo ngomoya neoclassicism ukuphakama 2-5 imigangatho. The basic izinto kubo wakhonza isitena (omhlophe, obomvu), nto leyo kwi kugudiswa kwibakala wambu ngodaka. Umdla loo ngongoma: kwi-pre-imfazwe "stalinkas" concrete umgangatho ekubhalwe kuphela yophahla kumgangatho wokuqala nezokugqibela, kunye imigangatho ngaphakathi zazenziwe ngamaplanga. Zisendlwini post-imfazwe yonke imigangatho zazenziwe ufakelo lwesamente.

"Stalinka" - ukuba ubukhulu becala amagumbi multi-igumbi (amagumbi 3-4), ezinqabileyo kakhulu phakathi kwabo kukho omnye, ababini. Izakhiwo of bevidiyo elungileyo, amakhitshi eliphangaleleyo kunye esikoleni, owayengahlali kumagumbi zomnye, kwezinye iimeko, abenziwe. Kodwa ngaphezu kwako konke, "stalinka" ixabiso ukuphakama zisilingiwe ngonyaka ka - 2.8-3.2 m.

"Khrushchev": ezincinane, kodwa yayo

Ukuqhubeka ukuthetha ngomahluko phakathi "Khrushchev 'ukusuka' brezhnevki" ahlalutye iimpawu kwelo gumbi, eyakhiwa ngo ebukumkanini ezihlangwini Stalin kaThixo. I Isaci kokwakhiwa izindlu zokuhlala, oqale yangummiselo "Ngomhla uphuhliso lolwakhiwo lwezindlu eSoviet Union", ngo-1955 waye esithi: "! Yonke intsapho - encinane, kodwa izindlu zabo"

"Khrushchev" - kuyinto isitena ekuso kunye nezindlu olwalusele ngo-3-5 imigangatho, kukho amaceba ephantsi (2,5 yeemitha), kunye iindawo zokungena (iilifti kunye zangasese). ixabiso yokwakha ezi zakhiwo abazange - zazakhiwe kuphela lokuphelisa intsilelo yezindlu. ezindlini olulodwa kunye lokulala bobabini ubukho soundproofed amagumbi omelene uninsulated buthathaka, ibhafu encinane idityanisiwe.

"Brezhnevki": eziphuculiweyo eziphakamileyo

Yintoni eyenza "Khrushchev 'ukusuka' brezhnevki" ifoto qhalo ibonisa ukuba ilixa Leonida Ilicha ekhaya sele amade kwi nemigangatho 5-14. Bonke bephela zakhiwa, zatshintsha, yala maxesha uxwebhu olunye - ikhathalogu olunye iinkcukacha zokwakha. "Brezhnevki" waza waba ngeendlela ezininzi kwase izakhiwo ezitsha mihla bekhululekile. Sengqondo zokuhlala ngcono kakhulu kwi esikoleni wabonakala Chutes kunye bekwilift, kunye stairways kunye namaqonga zibe banzi.

Ngaphakathi kule ndlu uyakwazi ukubona ixesha Brezhnev na igumbi ezazinemidla kunye igumbi yokuxhela, ukuba zingangenwa kwi zangasese, indawo enkulu amagumbi. Noko ke, lona luhlala zonke efanayo close-in ikhitshi, epasejini kunye sanpomescheniya. Kuko konke. Ngoku uyazi umahluko phakathi "Khrushchev 'ukusuka' brezhnevki" kulawulwa.

iingenelo ecacileyo

Ngento zonke ezithe zabakho kuloo ezindlini ngasentla babe nobubi babo bendlela. Ukuze sibe nokuqonda ngokupheleleyo ngomahluko apartments- "Khrushchev 'ukusuka' brezhnevki" yaye "stalinka", khangela zonke eziluncedo:

• "Stalinka": indawo elungileyo (kwizixeko ezininzi, ezi zokuhlala zibe embindini), uyilo eliphangaleleyo, iisilingi eziphakamileyo, thermal kunye ive ngendlela ebalaseleyo, iifestile ezinkulu, ukufudumeza, Izitena eshushu neyomileyo, iindonga ezigudileyo nakwiisilingi.
• "Khrushchev": nakho, indawo, ukuba kungekhona kweli ziko, kummandla kunye kakhulu izibonelelo ephuhliswe kakuhle.
• "Brezhnevki": amagumbi ahlukeneyo, indawo elungileyo phakathi komzi, zekheshi kunye inkunkuma, isakhiwo lula, zalaba "ubutsha" yesakhiwo, kwizindlu olwalusele - ngokupheleleyo iindonga ezigudileyo nakwiisilingi.

ukushiyeka ezibaluleke

Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo umahluko phakathi "Khrushchev 'ukusuka' brezhnevki" yaye "stalinka" kwaye uqhelane kunye iimpawu Ibiya kwezi zokuhlala:

• "Stalinka": izanda yokuqala baqinisekiswa ukuba akukho loggias kunye balcony (zamadoda abanini ezidlulileyo manqindi engahlawulwayo), imigangatho engakhuselekanga, iindleko eziphezulu indlu and ukuhlaziya, ukwanda kokungazinzi ebonakalayo zombini isakhiwo kunye nonxibelelwano yayo, yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo mihla - zekheshi, inkunkuma, lot yokupaka komhlaba, njalo njalo. d.
• "Khrushchev": iqondo eliphezulu ukuguga, ithuba isahlakalo lwamathanda ezindongeni nokuvunda, amaceba ephantsi (2,5 m), ubushushu kakuhle kakhulu, ubushushu kakuhle (eshushu ehlotyeni kwaye ingqele ebusika), amagumbi ezikufutshane okanye ukunxibelelana, iipaseji ntofontofo libanzi nobhazabhaza iiseli, ikhitshi amancinane igumbi ne-WC, ubomi inkonzo ekucetyiswa kwezakhiwo - engama-25.
• "Brezhnevki": ikhitshi elincinane, iindonga, efuna ukulungiswa rhoqo (evuzayo zibe kweendonga umphandle, beentanda evulekileyo embindini), i-5-etazhki akukho ilifti, ngokuba okulungiswe eludongeni kubanda ebhetri ebusika, ngenxa ukunqamka kule ikhonkrithi uba olungalinganiyo kakhulu .

Ngaloo ndlela, "stalinka" - eqolo, kodwa ngaphantsi ethandwayo. "Khrushchev" yaye "brezhnevki" ngokukhawuleza ukufumana umthengi, bazisa ukubakhona kwayo. Ngaloo zonke iintlobo amakhaya yesibini abe uluhlu enkulu zombini ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.