Web-browser - ukuba ... Impawu ezo iibrawuza eziphambili Russia

Web-browser - inkqubo ngumsebenzisi PC mihla okanye ifowuni isebenzisa phantse yonke imihla. Ngelo xesha, izisombululo fanayo kanye ezintsha nkqu IT-iingcali. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa kukho amaxesha apho jikelele i 'web' womnatha esele zigutyungelwe umhlaba, kodwa akukho ibrawuza yayingekabikho. Namhlanje, Kakade ke, web-intanethi - eli candelo mandatory le software phantse nayiphi na ikhompyutha. Izigqibo olu hlobo - inqwaba. Zahlukene njani? Zeziphi iinkcukacha ephawulekayo nembali, ebonisa ukuvela bakhangeli beencwadi? Yeyiphi IT-brand ziinkokheli kuphuhliso izisombululo ezinjalo?

Yintoni i "browser"?

Umkhangeli zincwadi we - iludweliso zokubonwa Web pages (idla okwindawo kwi server kwi Internet) - ezikhethekileyo uhlobo amaxwebhu abhaliweyo kule yewebhu ngolwimi - HTML. Eyona njongo yezi nkqubo - algorithms zokuqaphela echanekileyo, okuzinziswe kulo HTML kunye nokuboniswa zonke eziqalelo zomzobo obubhaliweyo of "Web" kwiskrini somsebenzisi njengoko echazwe bemeko- kwisiza, nabayili, badwelisi benkqubo.

Namhlanje, imarike umkhangeli umelwe eziliqela izisombululo. Nguwuphi na kubo - iinkokeli zehlabathi? Zeziphi iinkqubo aba kanye kuqala? Ingaba kukho nayiphi na phakathi ekhokelela kwi kwimarike yehlabathi ka bakhangeli beencwadi iimveliso Russian?

Imbali kokusungulwa umkhangeli

Ngokutsho kweengcali uninzi IT-kwisigaba, ibhrawuza yeWebhu yokuqala ehlabathini wabonakala ngoDisemba 1990. Ke uhlelo, Tim Berners-Lee yakhupha app uyakwazi ukubona imiyalelo abhalwe ngolwimi HTML, nesiguqulela zibe umbhalo ebekwe kwiskrini kunye izinto ezongezelelweyo graphic. Le nkqubo ngokuba "browser".

Tim Berners-Lee ubesebenza bakukhathalele - enye iilebhu idumileyo ehlabathini, ezijongene kunye nokwakheka ngamasuntswana atomic. Ufumanise ukuba ibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo iikhompyutha yombutho isebenze phantsi hayi imodeli yeyona ogqibeleleyo uxwebhu exchange. izazinzulu na- ezingenazibonelelo ukuba ingasivumela ukuba ufumane ulwazi olufunayo nge inguqulelo ubhalo phakathi kwe data okubhaliweyo iifayile ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Emva koko Tim ecetywayo isisombululo: lokuhlela uxwebhu kwi siseko "umbhalo okhawulezileyo", wabonakala kwi 70s.

Ngexesha baqalisa badwelisi benkqubo ukuqonda yakhe basungula i ingqiqo (it was 1989), i-Internet sele uqalile ekusasazeni emhlabeni wonke. Tim wagqiba kwelokuba ukudala iteknoloji eziya kwenza ukutshintshiselana data ngokusebenzisa iProtokhol kuphela ngaphakathi kumsebenzi womnatha bakukhathalele, kwaye ngendlela ehlabathini ngakumbi - phakathi iikhompyutha "World Wide Web".

Ngowe-1990, Tim Berners-Lee wadala esikhethekileyo ulwimi lophawulo (ebizwa ngokuba HTML - Itekisi Hyper lophawulo Language). Kungekudala, wabhala inkqubo evumela ukuba "ukuguqulela" HTML-maxwebhu kwisi njengokubhaliweyo okungenanto kuphela. Umkhangeli, wadala ngu Tim wabiza Nexus, yayilula kunene; yena ukukwazi lokuthintela umboniso oonobumba kuphela namanani. Ndisebenza kwiprogram asebenza waqhubeka Tim, uRobert Kailliagu, ukwenza iinguqulelo ezintsha ezininzi isicombululo. iibrawuza Inkqubo yaqala ukuvela phantsi ezahlukeneyo kumaqonga, kuquka ngokuya kuthandwa of Windows.

Bakhangeli beencwadi for Windows

Kwabonakala browser yokuqala ehlabathini, ngoko ekuqaleni kweminyaka engama-90 ubudala, ekuqaleni wolwando lwehlabathi lwe OS Windows (kamva kakhulu ethandwa zokusebenza kwi-langa). Ukuze inkqubo ixesha elide ukuze kwabelwane ngolwazi olongezelelweyo kwi-intanethi nge Windows wayengekho. Kodwa ukuwa-1992 iqela badwelisi benkqubo ukusuka American corporation uyila ibhrawuza NCSA kaMoses, ekwaziyo elisebenza phantsi kolawulo OS Microsoft. Kungekudala developers yale isiseko yesicelo inkampani ezimeleyo kukuthengisa imveliso entsha - Netscape. Le browser (kwakunye elidlulileyo) ebinazo, umgaqo, zonke iinkalo ukuba beze osi kweli xesha lethu: imboniselo yokubhaliweyo elifomatiweyo ngendlela ethile, imifanekiso kunye nezinye izinto lamaphepha Web. Kwakhona, kwaba phantse ulawulo ezifanayo in mihla browser bar idilesi, nqakraza "phambili", "emva", njalo njalo. D. Umthombo Ikhowudi enye inguqulelo uMosaic yathengwa Microsoft kunye 90 nawo 'wadala inkqubo yazo ngokuba ubrawuza iwebhu - Internet Explorer (okanye IE). Ntoleyo, ngenxa yokwanda Windows, yaba ethandwa isicombululo ehlabathini iminyaka emininzi. Kodwa 90 kweye-- 2000 ekuqaleni yaqalisa ukuvela bakhangeli beencwadi ezintsha, imali nenkqubo yokhuphiswano oluyimpumelelo-Microsoft. Namhlanje, IE - ayisekho kwinkokeli kugxilwe kulo kwicandelo layo (nangona kwayo, kakade, nangoku phezulu kakhulu).

Kwiminyaka xa imarike kuyinto kwibhrawuza elisezantsi yaqala ukuvela ezahlukahlukeneyo ngezisombululo gqibezela ukusebenza kwazo. Kwabo Quka ezahlukeneyo iintlobo anti-virus iimodyuli. Ngokukodwa, ngo-1996 i-Russian inkampani "Gqirha Web" liqulunqe ekhethekileyo, ngokungqinelana amaninzi iingcali, isicombululo.

Lo mnqongo anti-virus Dr. ibhrawuza yeWebhu. Esi sixhobo kuvumela abasebenzisi hlola iifayile kusulelo i online fomu. Le program Russian, njengoko iingcali abaninzi bakholelwa, waye kwase 'welifu "ubugcisa wesi, ngokuya kuphela ethandwa namhlanje.

okhuphisana ie

Phakathi izisombululo kakhulu yimpumelelo, ebe enye indlela Internet Explorer - Opera, Google Chrome (ukuba sithetha yemiyinge jikelele), Yandex-intanethi (yeenkqubo Russian). Ngenxa yokuba emva ukuthandwa yehlabathi iikhompyutha zobuqu baqalisa ukufumana izinto mobile, kukho kwakhona ezahlukeneyo bakhangeli beencwadi kunye nabo. Ngokukodwa, i-iOS-eqongeni - yinto inkqubo Puffin. Malunga nendlela kwakukho zonke ezi iibrawuza, kunye neempawu eziphambili, ngoku ukuxoxa.

Google Chrome

Chrome browser Google - omnye ethandwa ehlabathini namhlanje. Noko ke, ubunkokheli jikelele Akumangalisi mihla IT-ziingcali. Le umkhangeli kuye udale Google, leyo sele yinkqubo ixesha-to-emarikeni (ekwindla 2008) ukufumana iwonga a jikelele IT-Anaki. Impumelelo elizayo umanqoba, iingcali zikholelwa, umbandela kwexesha. Ngelo efanayo ixesha ekhutshwe yi-Google-ibhrawuza sanika umhlaba ezininzi wokuqala. Wakwazi ziyahluka ukusuka ekhoyo ngelo xesha ezilingana (ezifana, ngokomzekelo, Opera, Mozilla Firefox).

Eyona umdla kukuba Google guide for ixesha elide ndingakufanelanga kukuyila iinkampani ibrawuza-branded. Abaphathi Corporation ukholelwa ukuba imarike yale hlobo nkqubo sele kudala yahlulwe. browser ezintsha, babekholwa, imarike ihlabathi akayi kwamkela. Umsebenzisi ngamnye obagwebelayo ngokwakhe isisombululo osithandayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba akukho izizathu injongo ukuba kukhethwa lanikwa kwinkqubo Google. Ngaphezu koko, kwakukho inkxalabo malunga ukusilela umkhangeli kunokwenzeka. Oku Ayembetha igama lebrendi okhoyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ekampini ombutho baba abathandi abaye bagqiba - "Google" abaza kudalwa-intanethi. Ukuze uphuhliso lwemveliso, inkampani siqeshe iingcali best shishino. Kwaye ayikho enye indawo kodwa kwinkampani Mozilla, iye yasungula eyona kwi kwibhrawuza mzuzu. Ngenxa yoko, siye sifumane isisombululo, leyo ukuba onke amathuba okuphumelela jikelele. browser Google Chrome ukhululeka umthendeleko amehlo: ukukhanya, kulula ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle kakhulu ngokubhekiselele kuyilo, ngok kwathathwa ehlabathini IT-asekuhlaleni, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, abasebenzisi abaninzi nge bang. Eyokuqala nenguqulo "Chrome" zazibhalwe for Windows. Kodwa sele ngo-2009 kwakukho browser ibandla, ukukwazi ukusebenza phantsi kwe Linux kunye MacOS.

Chrome: imali umgangatho

Njengokuba besesitshilo ngasentla, abaninzi IT-iingcali zikholelwa ukuba isikhangeli "Chrome" ukusuka Google yaba yimpumelelo kakhulu ngenxa yokuba indawo lomphuhlisi. Financial Amathuba Corporation, ngokutsho iingcali, kumiselwa inkqubo iphezulu umgangatho. Nangona isibakala sokuba lo mbono kukho iqela, izibakala ezininzi kusenokubonisa ukuba amathuba otyalo edlalwe kwimpumelelo indima Browser Google.

Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba inkampani liye laququzelela iphulo ukuchonga semngciphekweni kule program. Kwenye kwabo Google akuqinisekisi ukuhlawula izityhwentywe zemali-IT-iingcali apho bafumana ebalulekileyo ukusuka kwindawo umbono iimpazamo zokhuseleko inkqubo yokhuseleko browser. Kwezinye iimeko ukuba ulwabiwo yezigidi zeerandi amaphulo ezinjalo. Ezinye iinkampani-abaphuhlisi kwezisombululo ezifana imali, iingcali zithi, nako. Kakade ke, abafundi ukuba "umvuzo" Ndandifuna ukuba imigewu abasehlabathini lonke. Iyangena le nkqubo yokhuseleko, nto leyo yaye baxhotyiswe Google-browser version entsha waza waxelelwa ukuba unokundivumela ndizeke imbuyekezo yemali, iinkampani uphuhliso lwesoftwe kwindlela enza ngayo. Kakade ke, akukho utshutshiso phantsi komthetho xa kwakungekho (nangona ngenye, njengokuba sisazi, umthetho). Ngokunjalo, xa kwinguqulelo elandelayo isikhangeli "Chrome" eyadalwa isekelwe ku- "wathu-". ludumile abasebenzisi Oku nako, iingcali zikholelwa. Kutheni inkqubo Google yabonakala kwi inani kweekhompyutha ehlabathini lonke.

abasebenzisi ezininzi, "Google" cute-browser akunjalo kakhulu ngenxa imiba yokhuseleko, njengoko ngenxa kuyilo laconic kwaye ezinamagama kakhulu, kuba aziqhelekanga uninzi kwezisombululo efanayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, abaninzi baye bazama angi Google, ngokutsho iingcali, "ukuba izinto" inkqubo yabo iqela lemisebenzi ezahlukeneyo. Ntoleyo, njengoko kanti, andazi ngenene kufuneka abasebenzisi (nkqu kunokuba kakhulu 'isantya "system).

Facts about chromium

Google uyavuya nehlabathi IT-ababhekisi phambili, kungekhona nje browser kwayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba imarike likhuphe imveliso ekhethekileyo ngokwanelisayo - chromium. Oku kwakhona inkqubo ukujonga amaphepha Web. Yena, njengoko unako iqondwe ukusuka kwamaqabane kunye umkhangeli ephambili, kufutshane kakhulu kuso yobuchwepheshe. Kodwa ke umahluko, kwaye kubalulekile. Chrome Browser - Google imveliso engundoqo phakathi nezisombululo ezifanayo. Ijolise ukubonelela iimfuno yorhwebo yenkampani. Ubukhulu becala iinkcukacha ezinxulumene kunye nophuhliso yayo, iingcali zithi, luvalwe. I-chromium, nayo - ine umthombo open web-browser. Oku kuthetha ukuba bazuze phantse wonke umntu badwelisi benkqubo evela ehlabathini lonke.

Chromium njengomkhangeli eyahlukileyo, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, na enasilela usebenziso ku "umzalwana" yayo. Noko ke, njengoko iingcali zikholelwa, oku akumangalisi. Ubuncinane "-yexesha elizeleyo" umsebenzi osemqoka - inkululeko engakumbi amathuba abaphuhlisi zomntu wesithathu. Kodwa izixhobo ezingundoqo umsebenzisi kuzo zombini izikhangeli evela Google (kwakunye nezo wadala ngamanye badwelisi benkqubo esekelwe chromium) iyafana. Okulungileyo zobugcisa ethile Chrome, nayo chromium - isantya ukusebenza, elula zojongano kunye nolawulo.

umthombo Vula, leyo banika ihlabathi ngabaqulunqe ezi Google, imbonakalo kwangaphambili iqela elikhulu bakhangeli beencwadi, ezikhutshwe ngokusekelwe chromium. Babe amagama ahlukeneyo (enyanisweni, ibekwe njenge angi azinikele nganye ezinye), kodwa, enyanisweni, lowo kunye neqonga efanayo. Ngokukodwa, ezi nkampani ezaziwayo-kakuhle Russian, ezifana Mail and Yandex nokugcina ibhrawuza zabo isekelwe chromium.

Opera Browser: umngeni yaseScandinavia iinkokeli zehlabathi

Ekuqaleni 90 ezimbini umdwelisi nkqubo Norwegian Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner kunye Geir UIvars abatsali wayesebenza kwelinye imibutho enkulu ngocingo. Ngowe-1993, benze umsebenzi phambi kwabo - ukwenza i website kwakubo. Benza oku, nangona kunjalo, bafumanisa ukuba sigqibo ethandwa ngelo xesha - kaMoses - ayifaneleki kakhulu ngokubonisa amaphepha e web. Nangona into yokuba ngoko kwakukho elitsha kwihlabathi iibrawuza ziyilelwe ukuba kube esikhundleni uMosaic, uJon Geir wagqiba ukuba kuza kudala inkqubo ukuba ukusebenza kunye namaxwebhu web ngaphezulu ngokuchanekileyo. Inguqulelo yokuqala yesicelo ivele efanayo 1993. Le nkqubo kuthiwa MultiTorg Opera kunye mazisetyenziselwe kuphela qwaba iimfuno zeenkampani ze-umqeshi Jon kunye Geir. Kodwa kamva ngonyaka kwakukho ibrawuza zenzelwe ukuba okubonakalayo sele ngomlinganiselo-langa. Igama belibolekiwe ngokupheleleyo izisombululo zangaphambili. Umkhangeli omtsha luphawulwa, ngokutsho iingcali, ukusetyenziswa ubuncinane kwezibonelelo nkqubo. Abaninzi IT-iingcali ezo minyaka obenokuzichaza ukuthandwa yehlabathi kwenkqubo.

Ngowe-1995, uJon Geir waseka inkampani yakhe - Opera Software AS. Sele 1996, kwakukho inkqubo wadala phantsi omtsha igama lebrendi - Opera 2.0. Ngokutsho izazi ezo minyaka, isikhangeli alwa ngayo umsebenzi walo lamaphepha web Quick Qala. Kungekudala kwabakho "Opera" wesithathu. browser Internet ngoku, ngokutsho abaninzi IT-iingcali, nabo bonke revolution - oko, ngokukodwa, kwaba lula ukusebenza kwindlela multi-window. Kwakhona kule program iye yaphunyezwa auto-fill kwiifomu ze web, robust protocol yokhuseleko iphunyezwe. Inguqulelo yesine isikhangeli kwabonakala eyahlukileyo umxhasi e-mail.

Ngo-2000, ndabona ukukhanya uguqulelo "Opera" in Russian. Ekuhambeni kweminyaka, lo umkhangeli Norwegian njalo kuphuculwe. Ngoku ke kwakukho imisebenzi emitsha kunye nemisebenzi. Ngokukodwa, version 8.0, yapapashwa ngowe-2005, kwakukho ulawulo ilizwi. Xa uguqulelo ezahlukeneyo nkqubo zaye zaphunyezwa ulawulo original (ezifana, umzekelo, "yekhasi mouse"). A ofanelekileyo nenguqulo Opera umkhangeli wadalelwa Linux; MacOS. ithandwa kakhulu kwaba yinguqulelo yemobile yenkqubo.

Browser "Opera", njengoko iingcali zikholelwa, ibonisa ngokupheleleyo iimfuno ixesha xa internet kwakunzima kade (kwaye ukuba ukudla, ngoko abiza kakhulu) iikhompyutha ezininzi abantu - hayi elinemveliso kakhulu. Ngokuthe ngcembe lo isantya online amajelo ukunyuka, kunciphisa iindleko lofikelelo. Iikhompyutha ziye ngokungathethekiyo unamandla ngakumbi. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba inzuzo ngembali isikhangeli engundoqo - isantya processing of amaphepha e web - uyekile ukuba ibaluleke kangaka. Ezi iingcali zichaza into yokuba isikhundla Opera namhlanje emarikeni kude akhokele. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe, eRashiya kule ibhrawuza - phakathi athandwa kakhulu (ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, malunga ne-15% abasebenzisi Internet kwi Russian Federation kukhetha kwinkqubo Norwegian).

Yokhangela incwadi evela "Yandex"

Le nkampani "Yandex" - enye ezaziwa kakhulu Russian IT-iibrand ehlabathini. Ngoku inkulu enjini yokukhangela eRashiya, omnye lweposi neendaba iinkonzo athandwa kakhulu. Kwiikhompyutha ezininzi Russian page abasebenzisi "Yandex" - esikhulu. Ngo-2010 inkampani sakhulula ibhrawuza yayo Web lakhe. Ezi nkcukacha ngesigqibo, owayebonakele ezivenkileni, ethe Umanyano olusondeleyo iinkonzo ezinophawu "Yandex" -. Kwinjini yophendlo, imeyile, iimaphu satellite, kunye D. Yandex-browser njalo Wamangaliswa abasebenzisi abaninzi ukukwazi ukunika iingcebiso ezahlukeneyo ukuze kukhawuleziswe ngokufumana iinkcukacha ezifunekayo. Abaninzi kwabonakala pretty ujongano lwenkqubo, abanye bazakuyivuyela lula yolawulo.

Ngaba sinokuthi wadala inkampani "Yandex" web-ibhrawuza - yi-100% Uphuhliso Russian? Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Xa zingundoqo kwiinkqubo - yomthombo ikhowudi chromium, vula ngokupheleleyo ngenxa IT-iingcali ehlabathini lonke. Njengokuba besesitshilo ngasentla, nabanina ukwenza i browser esekelwe kuyo (enyanisweni, kwenzeka ntoni - ngoku isekelwe kwi-chromium wadala amakhulu, ukuba amawaka, adumileyo kunye neenkqubo kungabi njalo ukhangelo web). Ngoko ke, kufuneka sivume (akukho ndlela wehlisa ukufaneleka "Yandex" Company) - indima enkulu ukuvela umkhangeli ethandwayo Russian bobabo Google.

Puffin: browser for iOS

Kwisiqingatha sesibini kowama-2000, baba izixhobo mobile ngokuya ithandwa ehlabathini. Enye setters trend lobugcisa ingxenye yaba inkampani Apple, leyo wakhululwa imigca ezininzi izixhobo ezisebenza bafakwe kwinkqubo yokusebenza - iOS. Phantsi le platform (kwakunye ukhuphiswano - .. Android, Mobile, njl Windows) baqalisa ukuvelisa bakhangeli beencwadi ezintsha eziphambili iinkampani software yehlabathi. Opera, Google kunye nezinye iinkampani ezaziwayo-kakuhle ndadala izisombululo ukuba ziyahambelana izixhobo ukusuka Apple. Nangona kunjalo, kunye naba izisombululo kuye zithandwa kakhulu ibhrawuza Puffin Web Browser. Ziintoni iimpawu kule nkqubo?

iOS platform osemqoka ukuba ayenzi ukuxhasa omnye ubuchwepheshe multimedia idumileyo ehlabathini - Flash. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abaninzi lweziza, okuqulathwe leyo eyakhelwe ngenxa yalo mgangatho, ingabonakaliswa kwi Apple ayikho kakhulu echanekileyo. Browser Puffin kuye isisombululo eyenzelwe ukuba kube lula kubasebenzisi iOS-izixhobo ingxaki ezinxulumene ne site ukubukela apho kukho Flash-umxholo. Iingcali kunye nabasebenzisi abazame le nkqubo, thetha ngalo lonke ezintle kunene. Umsebenzi ophambili ephathiswe kwibrawuza - ukudlala flash iifayile-, wenziwa kakuhle.