VDNH - i-metro. Isikhululo seMetro "VDNH"

I-Metropolitan yaseMoscow, eyona ndawo iphambili yezothutho zikawonkewonke, ineminye imisebenzi emininzi. Ukongeza kwindlela enamandla yokukhusela uluntu kunye nokwenza imisebenzi ekukhuselweni koluntu kweso sixeko, iMetroro yaseMoscow nayo iyisiganeko esithile esibalulekileyo kwilizwe lethu, elibonisa ngokucacileyo imbali yophuhliso kunye namanqanaba ekwakhiwa koluntu.

Umboniso ophambili we-USSR

Umboniso weempumelelo zoqoqosho lweSizwe wase-USSR (i-VDNKh USSR) yaqanjwa ngo-1959. Ekuqaleni, igama layo lizwakala ngathi "I-All-Union Union Exhibition". Inkathazo yavulwa eMoscow ngowe-1939 kwintsimi enkulu phakathi kweGustani enkulu yeBotanical kunye ne-park ye-Ostankino yokuzonwabisa kwaye yasebenza kwada kowe-1941. Emva kwemfazwe, ukuvezwa kwavulwa kuphela ngo-1954, kwaye ngo-1992 kwabizwa ngokuba yi-All-Russian Exhibition Centre (VVC). Kwiminyaka engaphambi kwemfazwe, loo mboniso wawuqhutyelwa kwiVorobyovy Gory kwaye ukususela ngowe-1923 kwakubizwa ngokuba yi "Exhibition" ye-All-Russian and Artisan-Industrial Exhibition ".

Kunyaka ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe kwakhona kwiMiboniso ye-MetroDirect ye-VDNKh ivule iingcango zayo kwiindwendwe ezinzima, ezenza kube lula ngakumbi kubantu ngokugqithiseleyo kwegama. Intsimi ye-VDNKh iquka isikhumbuzo esithi "UmSebenzi kunye nentombazana yaseFundal Collective", umzekelisi weVera Mukhina, imithombo ye "Ubungane beeNtlanga zase-USSR" kunye ne "Stone Flower", imithombo e-14 ye-alley ephakathi, ezintathu iinqaba eziphakamileyo eziphakathi kwe-Central, Main and Southern entrances, kunye neenqwelo ezingama-90 ezakhiwe Indawo yokubonisa.

Ungayichaza njani igama?

Isikhululo se-metro "VDNKh" saqaliswa ngoMeyi 1, 1958 njengesisiteshini sokugqibela seRiga radius "Prospekt Mira" - "VSKhV". Ngaphambi kokuba igama elitsha linikezelwe kumboniso ngethuba lonyaka, isitishi sabizwa ngokuba sifana nomboniso onzima "i-VSHV" elapha ngasentla. Ngowe-1992, emva kokuqamba kwakhona iMiboniso yoPhumelelo lwezoQoqosho kwiZiko loMbukiso waseRussia, kwacetyiswa kwakhona ukuba utshintshe igama lesikhululo, kodwa bayeka ukuphumeza le projekthi. Ezinye iiprojekthi ekunikezeni amagama esiteshini amatsha azikhululwa: "Vystavochnaya", "Rostokino", "Kosmicheskaya" - la magama agxothwe ngonaphakade kwiphepha.

Isebe lase Orange

I-Riga radius, eyenziwe ngo-1958, yayineziteshi ezine kuphela: i-Garden Botanical (i-Prospect Mira yangoku), i-Rizhskaya, i-Mir (efanayo neSherbakovskaya kunye ne-Alekseevskaya) ne-VSHV (ngoku VDNKh). Indlela yokufika apho ngeedrothi kwisixeko sendawo okanye kumboniso wesikanano semanyano, ukususela kuloo xesha kuyeka ukuba yingxaki. Ngaphambili kwakungenziwa kuphela ngokuthutha komhlaba.

Kwiminyaka emine kamva, ngowe-1962, i-radius ye-Kaluga yesebe yaqaliswa. Wadibanisa inxalenye esemantla yaseMoscow ngezakhiwo ezintsha kumzantsi-ntshona kwaye welula kwisikhululo se "New Cheryomushki." Kuyaphawuleka ukuba isitishi "uShabolovskaya" saqala ukusebenza ngowe-1980, nangona kwakuqwalaselwe ngeprojekthi ekuqaleni. Isitishi "iKaluzhskaya" sasekuqaleni sise-depot (iPulley No. 5 "Kaluga"). Ngowe-1974, yavalwa, ivula iqonga elitsha elifanayo.

Uphuhliso lomgca

Izikhombisi ezimbini zahlanganiswa ngowe-1972, igama elithi "iKaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line" luthiwa ngokufanelekileyo emva kweyayinye ye-radii yangaphambili. Ngomnyaka we-1978, umgca wongezwa, ufike kwisikhululo saseMedvedkovo, isitishi sesine ukuya ngasentla kweVDNKH. I-Metro eMoscow ikhula rhoqo ngonyaka, ikhupha i-web yemimandla yayo engaphantsi komhlaba ngaphezulu nakwezinye izithili zemali. Kwiminyaka engamashumi asibhozo, umgca wanyuka waya ngasezantsi-ntshona kwaye ngowama-1990, isiteshini sokugqibela "iBitsevsky Park" (ngoku "i-Novoyasenevskaya") yavulwa ngokufa kwexesha eliphindaphindiweyo. Ngo-2014 kwenziwe intsebenziswano, ukunika abagibeli ithuba lokudluliselwa kumgca we-L1 we-metro.

Ukuziphakamisa kwesizwe

Ngaphandle kobuvela kwiSoviet, igama lesikhululo sisafana ngokugqithiseleyo ilizwi laseMoscow. I-VDNKh, i- metro ecaleni kwayo, imimandla enkulu yemiboniso yeSoviet Union, i-Cosmos Hotel, kunye neSikhumbuzo esaziwayo "UmSebenzi kunye neNtombi yeFama eqokelelwayo" - iya kuhlala isigxina sezenzo zentlalo ngaphakathi kwiphondo lethu. Ukwangoku, esi sikhululo akusisona nje indawo yokumisa enye yamasebe aseMoscow. Kwakhona sisikhumbuzo sembali, sibonisa amandla okwakhiwa kunye nobunjineli baloo xesha.

Ukubhaliswa kwesitishi

"I-VNDH" yesikhululo esisezantsi. Umgangatho ongaphantsi komhlaba ngaphantsi kwamashumi amahlanu anesithathu kunye neekhilomitha ziqingatha wenza enye yezikhululo ezona ziphantsi komhlaba waseMoscow. Ukuqulunqwa kwamatye esitishi esine-kathathu ubude beeploni ezilisithoba (isishumi elinesibhozo). Iqonga alikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngomhlobiso okhethekileyo wokuhlobisa, njengoko kwakhiwe ngexesha loqoqosho olunzulu. Ekuqaleni, kwacetywa ukuhlobisa iipoloni zeepoloni kunye nemigca eluhlaza, equlunqwe yintlanzi ngeenjongo zohlobo lwe- Florentine. Kulo msebenzi, kwanokuba umculi uVladimir Andreevich Favorsky wamenywa ngokukhethekileyo .

Emva kwesikhashana wadala umzobo okhethekileyo wesitishi seVDNKh. I-metro yama-fiftyties yayibonakala ngokungafani koyilo lwesitishi ngasinye. Kwaye kwakungabikho okwaneleyo ngelo xesha. Kungekudala, imfazwe iphelile, imikhosi ebalulekileyo yabasebenzi iphoshelwe ekubuyiselweni koqoqosho lweli lizwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukudalwa kwendawo yangaphakathi kweMoscow kwandelwa ngokucacileyo. Akunqunywanga kwaye "VDNH". Ukuqhutyelwa kwamaqabunga e-oak kunye neerbhoni zihombise i-pylon yokuqala yesiteshi esakhiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusilela kunye noqoqosho kuthathe ixabiso. I-mosaic yayibethelwa kwaye ipeyinwe ngopende oluhlaza, kungekhona nje ngowokuqala lwezakhiwo ezixhasayo, kodwa nazo zonke izixhaso.

Ensimini kwaye kungekhona kuphela

Okwangoku, esi sikhululo esingaphantsi komhlaba sisinye sezidibaniso ezihamba phambili kwiindawo zaseMoscow. Inendima ebalulekileyo kule nto idlalwe yinto yokuba ifumaneka kwintsimi yomboniso omkhulu "VDNKh" we-metro.

Imephu ye-system yokuthutha i-speed speed yaseMoscow ayibonakali kwaye ayibonakalisi ukuzaliseka kunye nokulingana kwendlela yokuhamba kwabahamba ngemihla ehamba kwisikhululo. Ubukho bezothutho lwamanxweme kunye ne-hub yokudlulisa bongeza inxalenye ebalulekileyo yabantu abasebenzisa i-VDNKh ukuba bangene esitratweni ekuseni baze bashiye emva kokuphela kosuku, bafike ekhaya. I-Mytischi, i-Korolev, i-Sergiev Posad, iPushkino, i-Ivanteevka, ihlathi le-glades - akuyilona uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezidolophu zaseMoscow, ezinokufikelela ngebhasi ukusuka kwi-TPU ukuya kwi-VDNKh. I-metro yaseMoscow isebenza njengento eqhubekayo yokuqhutyelwa komzila wezothutho zombini phakathi kwinqununu kunye nolunye uhlangothi.

Musa ukulibala malunga nabahlali beendawo ezikufutshane, apho iMetro Metro ayizange ikwazi ukuphosa inethiwekhi yayo. Ostankinsky, Rostokino, Maryina Roshcha, isithili saseYaroslavsky - uninzi lwabantu abahlala apha basebenzisa isitishi seVDNKh ukuya emsebenzini okanye kwiziko eliyinkunzi. Iibhasi zamahhala kwiindawo ezinkulu zokuthenga, ezifana ne "Golden Babyloni" e-Rostokino okanye "XL" e-Mytishchi kufuphi neMoscow, nayo igalelo ekunyuseni komthwalo wesitishi. Iindwendwe ezithengiswayo kwiindawo zokuthenga kunye nezokuzonwabisa ezivela kuzo zonke izithili zaseMoscow ziyakhangwa ngethuba lokuhamba ngokukhululekile ngokuthutha umhlaba ukuya kwindawo yokuthenga.

Phumayo kwi sitishi

Kuze kube phakathi kolwa-1997, i-vestibule yomhlaba oyedwa kuphela ngesimo se-rotunda, evulekele ekude ngo-1958, isebenza. Nangona kunjalo, i-bandwidth yayo yayingenakwanele ukuhlangabezana nomthwalo okhulayo wosuku lwesiteshi se-VDNKh. Ukuphuma kwimida yomibini yeProspekt Mira kwavulwa ngo-Agasti 25, 1997. I-vestibule esezantsi iholele abagibeli kwiqonga elingaphantsi komhlaba , kwaye linikezela ukuba liphakame emacaleni ukusuka kwiCosmonauts alley okanye kwiNdlu yeThikvin Icon yoMama kaThixo e-Alekseevsky.

Ngomhla ka-Juni 2013, malunga nonyaka, iNtshona Vestibule ivaliwe ukulungisa iindawo ezigqityiweyo kwaye sele zikhulile. Izixhobo zokuphakamisa ezintsha zaqalisa ukusebenza ngoJuni 1, 2014. Izixhobo zanamhlanje azange zandiswe kuphela, kodwa nazo ziyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zokhuseleko ISO9001-2011.

Ekugqibeleni

Isitishi se-metro iVDNKh yayiye kwaye sihlala sisimboli sophuhliso kunye nesiganeko esisikhumbuzo kwiintliziyo zaseRashiya. Ngamahlathi alo angaphantsi komhlaba kukho iindwendwe ezikhokelwayo kwiMetro Moscow. Abantu abangaphezu kwe-150,000 imihla ngemihla bangena kwi-granite ebandayo yezinto zabo. Isikhululo sasiqhubekile kwimisebenzi eminingi yokubhala, ngokomzekelo, kwincwadi yamagama "iMetro 2033" njenge-"hero 2033" njenge "nqaku yokugqibela yenkcubeko kunye nendawo yokumntla yempucuko ye-Kaluga-Riga".