Uyilo kunye nokusebenza pyrolysis kwibhoyila. Indlela yokwenza pyrolysis kwibhoyila izandla zabo: imizobo, imifanekiso kunye isixhobo

ngcembe izixhobo amafutha ukufudumeza Solid baqalisa indawo imifuziselo igesi generator, ebe uhambelwano olugqithayo. Baye kubonakalise ukuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa esebenzayo kakhulu izisombululo, ngoko nkqu naxa ixabiso eliphezulu lokuba ithandwa enkulu phakathi kwabathengi. Kwanele ukuba uqaphele ukuba umgaqo kwibhoyila pyrolysis yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba isetyenziswa ngempumelelo kuphela xa ubilisa izindlu abucala, kodwa amashishini mveliso.

Eli pyrolysis

boilers Gas odala asebenza kwi-siseko ukutsha pyrolysis. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba kweemeko zokunqongophala oksijini phantsi kwempembelelo yokwanda ubushushu yinkqubo iinkuni ezomileyo ibe eguqukayo kwaye inxenye esiqinileyo. Le nkqubo ludla ngokwenziwa obushushu ka 200-800 degrees Celsius, nto leyo yinkqubo exothermic, ngamanye amazwi lo gama kusekho ivelisa ubushushu kwaye ivumela amafutha ukuphucula zokufudumeza futhi omisa kwibhoyila. Kwakhona ihamba ngomoya eshushu zinikwa ngqo kummandla yokutsha.

ukuxuba oxygen gas pyrolysis kukhululwa amaplanga kubushushu eliphezulu kukhokelela kokutsha yokugqibela, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufumaneni amandla thermal. Inkqubo yokutsha i intsebenziswano esebenzayo kunye carbon esebenzayo, yaye oku kuvumela ukunciphisa imveliso ye ukungcola olonakalisayo. Ubukhulu becala ngumxube umphunga wamanzi kunye carbon dioxide.

yeempawu ezibonakalayo

Njengoko nezinye izixhobo zokufudumeza, amafutha eqinileyo kumo le njengesipholisi ekubonelelwe kamva. Ukusuka nezinye na umgaqo ezahlukeneyo amanyathelo kunye nezinye iimpawu zoyilo. Umgaqo ukusebenza isekelwe phezu pyrolysis kwe kwibhoyila ngexesha ekuthiwa-neyanamhlanje eyomileyo beenkuni. Oku kubandakanya ukwahlulwa iigesi pyrolysis evela eqinile organic ekucaca ukuba amaqondo obushushu eziphakamileyo phantsi kweemeko zokunciphisa ioksijini. Le iseti kweemeko kuphumela yokuwa irhasi kunye neenkuni iintsalela ngohlobo coke owomileyo.

inkqubo pyrolysis Self yenziwa xa kufika kumgomo 1100 Celsius, ngoko kukho ukukhululwa ubushushu elikhulu, ikuvumela: ukuba yome iinkuni a kwibhoyila libe shushu emoyeni ngokungenisa ummandla yokutsha. Xa kuxutywa ioksijini kunye negesi ezikhutshiweyo kula amaplanga, ukutshiswa ithatha indawo yokugqibela, ngoko ubushushu obuninzi uyakhululwa. Xa abasabela ngayo igesi kunye icarbon esebenzayo kwenzeka ukuncitshiswa kwezinto umhlaza kwi iigesi zeemoto. Nditsho carbon dioxide zinezintlu izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphantsi kwe boilers eqhelekileyo usebenzisa amafutha esiqinileyo.

device

Ukuze uqonde umgaqo pyrolysis kwibhoyila, nto kubalulekile ukuqwalasela kuphela isakhiwo kwayo, kodwa ukufumanisa indlela yokusebenzisa node ngasinye isixhobo ngamnye. Oku kuquka yonge oomatshini kunye ezithile. Noko ke, njengoko isiseko i iperi lekhamera. Abaqhele ukusebenza sheets zentsimbi etywiniweyo ngokupheleleyo, leyo kufuneka ubuncinane-5 mm zamafu. Njengoko asetyenziswe ngumahluli egumbini injector. Inxalenye engentla iziko wenza ukwenza dama amafutha koko, ngaba isakhiwo eyahlukileyo, kwaye kusetyenziswa uphantsi ngaxeshanye njengoko egumbini yokutsha kunye ibhokisi nothuthu.

yekhamera ngayinye yenzelwe ukuhamba iinkqubo ezicaciswe kakuhle. Kwinxalenye engentla wokwaphusa zomthi lwenzeka kunye zokufudumeza ngaxeshanye komoya ibhekiswe emva koko kwi-gumbi elilandelayo. Ukutshiswa egumbini olusezantsi irhasi imveliso kunye nothuthu abekwe.

ukusebenza

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo kwibhoyila pyrolysis eqinileyo ngokusekelwe ithuba ulawulo lwamandla yi irhasi pressurization yesibini. Ngoko ke isiphumo kakuhle kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa izixhobo zokufudumeza yesiqhelo. Iqondo lobushushu eyayifuneka njengesipholisi lingamiselwa yi thermostat olungisiweyo.

Izixhobo pyrolysis kwibhoyila into yokuba xa black carbon engekho ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yokutsha, kwaye uthuthu kwasekwa ngesixa esincinci. Ezi mpawu zijolise ekunikeni ithuba ukucoca ifowuni kancinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ukuba sithethe malunga nendlela asebenza ngayo pyrolysis kwibhoyila kuthelekiswa ne amafutha yesiqhelo eqinileyo, nantsi kubalulekile ukuphawula nangaphezulu ngeenkuni evuthayo kwi tab enye, ezizezi nokusebenza iiyure ukuya ku-12. Ngokwendalo, oku kuchaphazela ukufunda iqondo lobushushu, kodwa ubomi nkonzo ixesha elide. Wood ngokonga aphele ngenxa ubushushu emoyeni ngokungenisa ummandla yokutsha.

ukukhetha fuel

Nangona izixhobo pyrolysis ibandakanya kwibhoyila umsebenzi wakhe phezu kweenkuni eziphezu eyaziwa kakhulu nenzuzo ngokwemigaqo imali, xa efundisa kulungiselelwa nokusebenza yayo ingasetyenziswa, yaye iindidi ezizezinye kwezimbiwa zokubasa, ezifana namalahle, nja-. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuba uhlobo ngalunye izinto ekrwada inayo ngokupheleleyo ngexesha layo ixesha yokutsha. Kwimeko iinkuni eliphantsi iiyure ezi-5, isiqina - 6, kunye coke - 10.

Studies kunye vo zibonisa abantu baxhasa into yokuba ukusebenza eliphezulu izixhobo zokufudumeza iyazalisekiswa xa besebenza iinkuni ezomileyo. Isiqulatho sokufuma Wood akufuneki ibe ngaphezulu kwama-20%, kwaye iinkuni angaba ukuya ku-65 cm. Le amafutha iza kubonelela nje izixhobo namandla eliphezulu, kodwa kakhulu kwandisa ixesha nokusebenza kwayo kakuhle. Kodwa ke, ukuba akakwazi ukuzithenga olu hlobo resource ukuba uyakwazi ukusebenzisa enye indlela kwezimbiwa zokubasa, ukuba sele engavunywanga ngumvelisi. Ezi kuba nja-, iingqalutye, inkunkuma iinkuni, inkunkuma kushishino kwincindi, namalahle.

Noko ke, xa ukhetha naluphi na uhlobo amafutha kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukufuma ngokugqithiseleyo kungabangela ukukhulula umphunga ngexesha lokusebenza, ebangela ukuyilwa uthuthu lweziko kunye kunciphisa ukusebenza wobushushu ngayo izixhobo ngexesha lomsebenzi. Kuphela xa usebenzisa eziqinileyo nokulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuhamba komoya sokunqanda ulwabiwo yaseprayimari neyasesekondari carcinogens iigesi pyrolysis.

Izinto eziluncedo kwezixhobo gasification

Ngoku uyazi into ngaphakathi yaye yintoni Jetstream fuels iziko enokusetyenziselwa oko, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ifomu anoqoqosho phakathi imodeli okuqinileyo. Ukusebenza esi sixhobo lubonakala:

- yenguqu ezikhawulezayo imo yokonga amandla;

- lobushushu isitali kwinkqubo zivula ukuba kukho amafutha kwi eziko;

- akukho mfuneko ukucoca rhoqo;

- kwibhoyila kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ngokusebenzisana nayiphi na inkqubo;

- akafuni ufakelo kwitshimini zifuna;

- ezenziwe ngezinto ubushushu-enganyangekiyo emelana nokudliwa ngumhlwa.

Le parameter ikhankanya uluhlu ukusebenza kakuhle boilers pyrolysis kuthelekiswa wayifanisa eqinileyo-fuel zemveli, ngoko ungasebenzisa ukuba basebenze kuyo nayiphi bume. ixabiso eliphezulu - oku ethile kuphela esi sixhobo, kodwa ke kwimeko ekungakwazini ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezizezinye, ukongeza okuqinileyo, ukhetho baya kuba baxhasa yangaphambili.

Icebo pyrolysis ibhoyila: iitshati, iifoto, kunye neziphakamiso kwi iimveliso

Ekubeni izixhobo kutshanje kuba ngakumbi zithandwa ngakumbi phakathi kwabathengi, kuba ngumba nje bekufunwa, kodwa self-imveliso. Oku kungenxa yexabiso eliphezulu kwezisombululo esele zenziwe, kukho uninzi kakhulu yabemi. Ukuze wenze Jetstream eziko izandla zenu, kufuneka nje umnqweno kwaye ezinye izixhobo. Ukuze uqalise ufuna ukuba inkcazelo esisiseko ngendlela khangela baze basebenze imbawula ngayo. It libalwa kwangaphambili into uhlobo yokutsha bekuya kuba kangangoko ukuba umsebenzi othile - a slot okanye umcephe nothango lwaso. Emva koko, ivenkile okukhethekile kufuneka ukuba bathenge zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko. Emva koko ke uqalise ukwenza pyrolysis kwibhoyila ngezandla zakhe. Imizobo, nto leyo eya kuba inkxaso, kakhulu, kufuneka ilungiswe kwangaphambili.

iinkcukacha

Kuba self-imveliso kwezixhobo gasification iyafuneka ukulungiselela ezi zinto zilandelayo:

- umbhobho sentsimbi kunye Ebubanzini bodonga 4 mm;

- sheets steel 4 mm ubukhulu;

- ngemibhobho ezimise ;

- electrode;

- ngeenxa intonga 20 mm ubukhulu;

- eziteneni fireclay;

- ulawulo oluzenzekelayo uhlengahlengiso ubushushu;

- asbestos intambo;

- iimbumbulu kunye nezitshixo.

Ngoko ke, xa usenza isigqibo ntoni zabo eziko ngezandla Jetstream, imizobo ziya kunceda ekumiseleni ubuninzi ngokupheleleyo izixhobo yona. Okwangoku, kukho into eninzi iincwadi apho inkqubo eshicilelwe kunye nenkcazo eneenkcukacha inkqubo yomsebenzi. Ukuba landela kubo, ungenza iyunithi kakuhle kakhulu. Icebo pyrolysis kwibhoyila (ngezandla zabo, njengoko kutshiwo ngasentla, ukwenza oko kwenza umgudu omkhulu) iyafuneka ukubonisa iingongoma zamanzi, kunye sokufudumeza eziko. Akukho mfuneko ukwenza iyunithi ukuzoba ukusuka ekuqaleni, kungcono ukuba alungise uguqulelo umgangatho, ukwenza utshintsho kuba kwimeko ethile.

Sebenza kwi

Ekwenziweni gasification kwibhoyila izandla zakhe singathathwa imodeli isiseko, imbawula 40 kW, lowo wengcibi yokuluka abasungula le Belyayev, uze wenze kokugqityezelwa laser ukusika, ukunciphisa inani kwiindawo ezifunekayo. Umqulu yangaphakathi kufuneka kuhlala zingatshintshi ngexesha naluphi na utshintsho kuyilo isixhobo. Ihempe umzimba ke ngoko kufuneka kwandiswe kakhulu. Emva koko, lo ayimbumba ukuqalisa kuzo zonke iindawo kwibhoyila pyrolysis enikiweyo ukubambelela ngokungqongqo kumzobo. Umoya kule meko lisetyenziswa njengesipholisi, evumela ukuba ukufudumeza igumbi ngaphandle ufudumele.

ngemibhobho Kwavingcelwa - yimeko ngokuzithandela, kuba iinkuni kwibhoyila zidla ingabi ukuvuza umqalisi, uyitywine ukusilela kwinkqubo ubushushu. Esi sixhobo kubhekwe isisombululo efanelekileyo ukuze ufakelo kweli lizwe apho imfuneko ukufudumeza lungenzeki rhoqo kakhulu.

ukufakwa

Emva ifowuni ndawonye kwi wesekethe, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuqalisa indibano uvavanyo olulandelayo. Kunye olufanelekileyo gasification lokuvelisa kwibhoyila, ufanele ngokukhawuleza bangene imowudi oyifunayo, kwaye ubushushu kwenkqubo zokufudumeza kufuneka zivele kwimizuzu engama-30. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iqondo lobushushu igumbi liphuma ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo.

iziphumo

Ngoko ke, ngoku nimaziyo kuphela umgaqo kwibhoyila pyrolysis, kodwa ithuba imveliso yawo ezimeleyo, singenza kuphela isigqibo; nokuba ukuthenga imodeli esele zenziwe okanye wenze ngezandla zabo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba izixhobo ekhutshwe shishino, wenza umgangatho ophezulu, wavavanywa ze iqinisekise ngokhuseleko ngokupheleleyo yokusebenza.