"Uvalelisa, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ..." Lermontov, "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga Russia": imbali yendalo, analysis mbongo

Lo mbongo "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ..." Lermontov wabhala kunyaka ophelileyo yobomi bakhe kwexesha kuphazanyiswa. Ngelo xesha ikhula italente zoncwadi. Le migca ezisibhozo alula ngenkankulu esi sicatshulwa ezaziwa kakhulu phakathi belifa zoncwadi wembongi. Kwaye nkqu kwezinye ngendlela ekhethekileyo ubuhle okanye nemfezeko ezingaphezu umbongo. Nje le vesi mabini eminyaka ifakiwe kwikharityhulam yezikolo ze ucengceleze isizukulwana esitsha ngasinye abafundi ngentloko.

Yintoni le imbongi aweyefuna ukuyithetha le ngelamadoda ilizwi? Ziziphi izinto ezakhokelela ukubhala umbongo "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ..."? Indlela enzulu intsingiselo efihliweyo phakathi, ekuqaleni, imigca elula?

nomlando

Nzima ukuba baqonde kakuhle nawuphi na umsebenzi, xa ndiyayithabatha umongo kwimvelaphi yezembali. Ingakumbi, le nkulumo isebenza kwisihobe. Ngapha koko, imveliso lohlobo womthamo lwe kwinoveli okanye ibali ivumela ukuzoba le imvelaphi enye, nto leyo echaphazela imbono yethu kunye ivesi mfutshane likholisa njenge uhlobo ibonakalisa iimvakalelo ezibangelwa yi-bume esingqongileyo, yaye kufuneka icaciswe.

Lo mbongo "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ..." (Lermontov), nto leyo iza kuhlalutywa, yinto yomhla nyaka 1841. Ngeli xesha, yade isiqingatha senkulungwane, imfazwe Caucasus waba swing ngokupheleleyo. Russia efune bahlomela iindawo entabeni nokomeleza umda, kunye nenkululeko-bothando mountaineers konke okusemandleni ukuze alondoloze inkululeko yabo.

Nangona lijoni ukuguqula okanye igosa elisebenza eCaucasus yayiyinxalenye kwakufana iilinki itikiti kwicala elinye. Ingakumbi xa emva ndoda yalandela umyalelo ofanelekileyo, ekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa namagorha ngasentla amanqaku imfazwe ishushu.

ubuntu zombhali

Ngo-1841, Mihailu Yurevichu Lermontovu sele eneminyaka engama-26 (ukuya ngemini yokuzalwa kwakhe, akazange aphile ngaloo nyaka). Uye kakade edume ngokuba yimbongi, kodwa njengomntu kuluntu wayengathandi. Kwaye simo, Kuyavunywa ukuba, ukuba kufaneleka kakuhle. uyaqaphela Umbhali wazama ukufumana igama njenge intshi kunye iharika. Neziqhulo bakhe abuhlungu kakhulu kwaye ngqindilili ngaphezu ezilungileyo natured. Imibongo Lermontov kunye neempawu zakhe frequenter nomsindo ngaphakathi wempangelo kuyinto is umxhelo ngoko engqinelana kunye namanye, ukuba inkoliso abafundi baziva amava, kubonakala kwisihobe, oluqinileyo umdlalo lengqondo. amazwi amahle kuphela ngaphandle kokuba kuye sisichazela abasondeleyo kubo.

Noko ke, ngokutsho ukuba abahlobo bakhe abambalwa, uMichael ayenxiba imaski ngalo abantu, kodwa iphepha wayiphalaza iingoma ezifihlakeleyo bathuthunjiswe callousness yomphefumlo yehlabathi.

Kodwa ke ukuba lowo owabhala "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ..." yaba ngokuthanda wokwenene, akukho namnye yathandabuza. Ndiyakuthanda kuba lokhokho sabonakala nje kuphela izingqisho sublime, kodwa kwimicimbi yasemkhosini. Xa kwafika ixesha lokuba athathe inxaxheba ubudlova, uMikhail angenazintloni uzuko lwakhe yosapho yamandulo amanene. Kubulungisa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba umsebenzi imfazwe ngokupheleleyo nqweneli Michael. Wada kunzima emsebenzini, ukuba babe nako ukwenza umsebenzi ngaphandle kweziphazamiso, kodwa akabanga nabuganga ukuphoxa nogogo wakhe, ababefuna ukubona kuphela umzukulwane aphumelela.

iimeko zokuphila

Ngowe-1837, ngokuba mbongo "Ukufa a Imbongi" Lermontov wafunyaniswa enetyala waza wathunyelwa ikhonkco yokuqala eCaucasus. Ngenxa ngesicelo ugogo Elizabeth Alekseevna Arsenyev, ababa uqhagamshelo kwinkundla, wahlala khona ngenxa elide - kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa. Kwaye uhlale kwaba imbongi kunokuba uvimba yokuvela ezinqwenelekayo, kunokuba yingozi ngokwenene.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1840, Lermontov wangena Kungquzulwano, awusebenzeleyo walahlwa ikhonkco yesibini kwindawo emfazweni. Eli xesha umyalelo isicelo kulahlwe yoMlawuli ngemfuneko rhoqo inxaxheba enetyala kumgca wokuqala ukuhlasela.

Ngokuphathelele ezi ziganeko kwaye kubhaliwe umbongo "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ...". Lermontov ochazwa sengqondo yalo myalelo ezikhoyo ngoko. Uwisa ukuziphinda ngqindilili, nto leyo iza ubukrakra ezazithath looBawo intanda yakhe nalwazelelelo khona, yaye bonke abantu isantya ixhasa umyalelo lusekiwe.

Kulo mbongo, akukho mathandabuzo, sabhalwa ngaphandle cuff, kwenye bawathathe abafa. Kuyo wamgalela yonke ingqumbo yakhe umnqweno ashiye ngasemva yobuhlungu Abenzi sikweni. Wayenethemba ukufumana intuthuzelo kude nekhaya, kwi babeziindleko ezinkulu eCaucasus.

Ngokoqobo zonke ibinzana kwezi vesi zimbini intsingiselo kakhulu. Kufuneka banikwe isuntswana ixesha ukuqonda oko ixabiso zasetyenziselwa Lermontov imifanekiso abantu ababehlala ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX lusilwa. Kuphela kulo mzekelo, amandla kunye nobuhle, ingavalelwa kule ngelamadoda ilizwi, kuya kuvela phambi kwakho bonke ubuhle balo.

"Sala kakuhle"

Igama elithi "ndlela ntle" imiba yokuqala ethile akubangeli. Umbhali ingena kummandla imfazwe, kwaye unyango olunjalo kufanelekile apha. Noko ke, nkqu oku, xa efika kuqala, kuyacaca kunye ingqiqo zingenakuphikwa kulele into ngakumbi. Enyanisweni, nje imbongi ifuna ukuba kwilizwe intanda yakhe, kunye umyalelo ezikhoyo ekuhlaleni wamkelekile kuye.

It is a senzo, phantse kumda lithemba. Rap emabeleni ingqumbo imbongi iphalale mfutshane "Sala kakuhle." Nangona woyisa le nkqubo, kodwa ke ayohlulwanga emoyeni.

"Ezingavaswanga Russia"

Umbuzo wokuqala yaye osemthethweni oqhubeka wonke, ubuncinane eziqhelekileyo intwana encinane kunye imisebenzi uMikhail Yurevich, sesi silandelayo: kutheni imbongi isebenzisa ibinzana elithi "ezingahlanjwanga Russia"? Lermontov wayecinga apha ayikho mdaka emzimbeni ngabantu belizwe elinye.

Okokuqala, iindinyana Lermontov abonisa ukuba kuye ukubathoba abantu abaqhelekileyo Russian nje lee. Uthando nentlonelo kuba bawo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. Imbongi ngesibindi umngeni yokuphila yezikhulu, kodwa ubomi abalimi ezilula, oko ngokubamba nje ngokulungelelanisiweyo njengoko ubuhle weentaba bendalo Russian.

Okwesibini, ngokwembali, ukuba iinkulungwane eRashiya yabanjwa sixabise ukugcina ucoceko. Emizaneni ezihlupheka kakhulu eyayikho bath, wahlamba kunye nabalimi apho ubuncinane kanye ngeveki. Yintoni na enokuthethwa i "bakhanyiselwa" eYurophu, apho amanenekazi yahluzwa ukuthatha bahlambe - kwimeko engcono - izihlandlo ezibini okanye ezithathu ngonyaka. Kunye cavaliers zabo iilitha kusetyenziswa iziqholo kunye Cologne ukuze abulale ukunuka imizimba ezingahlanjwanga.

Ngenxa yoko, ibinzana elithi "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga Russia" Lermontov umbongo leyo ngokwesiko ka ixesha lokuba ndibachithachithe phezu zokuzilungisa amanene, nokuba ngaphandle kokuba bekhululwe, nje wayefuna ukubonakalisa siseko labo bangafuni. Yaba amazwi ahlabayo, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuze singabakhubekisi ngoko Russian kuphela.

"Ilizwe amakhoboka"

Nokuba uhlalutyo ngokudlulisa zombongo "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ..." Asikho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba igama elithi "ikhoboka," umbhali ngandlel 'kuthetha ngamakhoboka. Akunjalo, apha walatha ukumlalela wobukhoboka kwiklasi eliphezulu. On, enyanisweni, ukuba nichase umthetho, nganye kuzo ebusweni abanegunya.

"Eli lizwe namanenekazi"

Igama elithi "Nkosi" apha unezibizo engathandekiyo ecacileyo ezimbi. Kuyinto lifana ingcamango "oozwilakhe encinane" - igqibezela ngokokubona kubulawa ngayo. Kokubona imbongi abaselula ukuqonda. Emva kokuba ezimbini zokucwangcisa, kuba athe wagwetywa, kwaba nje zobuntwana. Xa Lermontov ingasetyenziswa.Umchasi ngubani umqalisi le zokucwangcisa ngokudubula, oziphosileyo, uMichael ingabinanto nje idubule ngompu ecaleni - ukuba thiki umonakalo wabangela ukuba Ernest de Barentin.

Noko ke, isohlwayo ubemelwe kukuva ubunzima uMichael, emva Ernest De Barante wayengunyana ka unozakuzaku isiFrentshi, kunye nenxaxheba yakhe isiganeko emanyumnyezi bezongena nje phezulu. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto lo mbongo "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ...", ibali indalo enxulumene ngokusondeleyo wayengekafiki ityala lakhe lixoxwe ngokungenasheyi, nto buzane nenzondo.

"Ke wena, iiyunifomu blue ..."

Blue Guards kuBukhosi Russian le abameli gendarmerie, leyo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abaqhelekileyo okanye engazange kulinandipha emkhosini. Umbongo "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ..." yaye akafuni ubatsalela ungamandla ukugcina ucwangco, kodwa abahleli wabakho nguzwilakhe tsarist.

"Ke wena, abantu babo"

Abantu, amapolisa abanyanisekileyo imfihlelo? Ewe akuzange kwenzeke! Apha Lermontov Musa ukuthetha kakhulu ngabantu njengabantu, njani malunga nenkqubo yezopolitiko xa iyonke. Umbhali ukholelwa ukuba iRussia kwasilela emva amagunya ezinkulu angabamelwane eYurophu ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso izixhobo karhulumente. Kwaye le meko kungenzeka kuphela kuba uhlanga luphela ngaphandle isikhalazo ixhasa umyalelo ekhoyo.

"Kusenokwenzeka ukuba eludongeni wabafihla Caucasus"

Umnqweno ukuba abalekele kuyo nantoni na kwindawo lupwa ukuze kubonakala kusengqiqweni kakhulu. Noko ke, Lermontov Caucasus yaba yindawo ekhethekileyo ngokwenene. Kuba okokuqala wayetyelele ngoxa wayeseyinkwenkwe encinane, kunye nangeengcinga kakuhle eli xesha, yamsusa ebomini bakhe.

Ngexesha kubhekiselwa yokuqala uMikhail behambe ngaphezu ekulweni. Wazithanda uhlobo magingxigingxi yaye waziva bekhululekile kakhulu kude kwiingxwabangxwaba. Unoko engqondweni ezi meko, kulula ukuqonda umnqweno imbongi ngayo ukuze ayifihle eCaucasus.

"... esuka pashas yakho"

Kodwa elithi "Pashas" Kubonakala noko ngokulungelelanisiweyo njengoko isicelo abasemagunyeni kuBukhosi Russian. Kutheni Lermontov usebenzisa isihloko abathetheli Ottoman ukuchaza gendarmes Russian?

Ezinye ngamazwi wazibeka kwindawo yegama elithi "Kumkani" okanye "iinkokeli". Noko ke, kunzima ukuyamkela into yokuba ekuqaleni ezi iinketho wasebenzisa Lermontov. "Uvalelisa, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ..." - kwivesi apho umbhali uyabachasa umyalelo ethile ezikhoyo apho ukumkani wadlala indima engundoqo. Kodwa ke ukumkani, njengoko yinkokeli, inye kuphela. Ukusebenzisa izibizo ezinjalo isininzi kule meko bekuya kuba kubi nje.

ababephila Lermontov kaThixo ukuva loo ibinzana wayeza ayintsokothanga rezanulo. Cinga ukuba ezi umsasazi iindaba uthi into efana: "Ke ngoku uMongameli wethu ...". Into efana ibinzana elithi "kuwasindisa ookumkani" wayeza umsindo abafundi benkulungwane XIX.

Ngokoqobo, kuyo yonke imbali baseTurkey abantu Russian baba iintshaba ekrakra. Yaye kude kube ngoku, ukuphawulwa lukazwelonke isicelo eziteketiso ekhubekisayo. Umbongo "uvalelisa, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ..." sabhalwa ngexesha xa Turkey kwibutho Russian ezinxulumene ngokuqinileyo kunye karhulumente eqine yedwa. Ngoko ke, abameli gendarmes elite ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa pashas, ukugxininisa sengqondo kubo abantu abaqhelekileyo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, le yeyona ngongoma xa imali Imbongi enkulu Russian kumbongo wakhe.

"Yonke-zibona" yaye "Beva"

Lilishwa uMikhail Lermontov Kungquzulwano Ernest de Barant babenxiba, Kakade ke, abucala ngokupheleleyo. Le ingxabano phakathi kwabantu abatsha kwenzeka endlwini sisidwangube ethile Laval, esalinikwayo ibhola. Wona Kungquzulwano wathabatha indawo kweentsuku ezimbini kamva kuzo zonke imithetho ongabhalwanga - kwindawo esitheleyo phambi lemizuzwana kumacala omabini.

Ngaphandle kokuba akukho nesohlwayo le Ukuhlasela waba kwiiveki ezingekho ngaphantsi kwesithathu, Lermontov entolongweni. Le wecala obekwa inqaku kwi "misprision". Okanye lesibini, okanye iqela lakhe ukuba bendingemphenduli babandakanywe.

Isizathu ukuqala uphando akazange naliphi yokuqalekisa obubambekayo omnye nxaxheba ngqo, kwaye namarhe Kungquzulwano ukuba lithe laqhenqetha phakathi amajoni aselula. Ngoko ke, imbongi aze asebenzise walithiywa "yonke into," yaye "Beva", ezichaza umsebenzi abecuphi.

Noko ke, ezinye inguqulelo umbongo "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ..." ukunika ukufunda iphambene ahlukeneyo imigca emibini yokugqibela. In kubo umbhali ekungxolisa ngento "engamboni iliso" yaye "uneendlebe bengeva," ethetha yokuqaqadeka kunye buso yobulungisa.

Kaloku, lo mbono uye unelungelo lokuba khona. zohlobo Nangona kunjalo, apho abaninzi kangaka? Ekugqibeleni, lo mbongo Lermontov - akukho yimveliso eliwaka kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ukuba abembi kufuneka ukubuyisela imvuthuluka. Ngexesha bekubhalwa le mbongo umbhali lalisele kakuhle ezaziwayo indalo yakhe nakusekuqhwanyazeni kweliso kwaphulwa phakathi nezazi, ngaloo ndlela kusale umzila kwi kumashumi okanye amakhulu iikopi. Ezi na ukungangqinelani ziye zakhokelela abaninzi ukuba baqalise ukuba sithandabuze nkqu ukuba le vesi wakha wabhala Lermontov. "Uvalelisa, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ..." wabandezeleka ephehlayo ukuhlasela bagxeki.

Amathandabuzo malunga zabhalwa

Le ngxoxo engundoqo, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba athandabuze ukuba umbhali walo mbongo i uMikhail Lermontov - lixesha wokupapashwa umsebenzi. Ekubeni ukufa imbongi likwazile ukuya phantse isiqingatha senkulungwane - engama-46. Ikopi ye-ngqangi yakudala asekhoyo, malunga ukususela ekuqaleni uluhlu lwe-imi- 70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Oku kuthetha umsantsa phakathi engamashumi amathathu phakathi kokubhalwa lwentsusa kunye nekopi yalo.

Akukho Umzobo eyodwa okanye uyilo, wenza isandla uMikhail Yurevich, nayo ayisekho. Noko ke, Bartne (mbali, ngubani na wazityhila ukukhanya ngaphambili mbongo ayaziwa) ngoonobumba zobuqu ibhekisa ubukho yabhalwa ngenkxola Lermontov, kodwa ngaphandle kwakhe uxwebhu kuba akukho namnye wakha wambona.

Nkqu ezibuhlungu kakhulu phakathi umbongo zoncwadi "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ..." umlinganiswa ngokwayo. Uhlaziyo ulwalamano umbhali ukuba ukukhululeka kwilizwe labo ushiya akukho anathandabuza kuphela ukudana, yaye, ngendlela ethile, unganaki ngenxa lizwe, leyo ngaphambili Lermontov akazange wabonakalaliswa.

Noko ke, abaninzi abathandi ukunisa of yezityhilelo nezisemaphandleni, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba yakhe edumileyo "Ndlelantle!" Lermontov uphosa Asiyiyo lokhokho, yaye izixhobo sinesono. Yaye wonke uyavuma kwaye biography zoncwadi wembongi.

Enye impikiswano esetyenziswa abagxeki - uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo zemibongo ezimbini: "Homeland" yaye "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ...". zaye kusolwa ukuba zabhalwa umahluko nje iinyanga ezimbalwa. Noko ke, elinye kuxhotyiswa ahlonipha Lezwe, kwaye eyesibini lizele elimsulwa ukuya epithets looMawokhulu efanayo.

It ukuze kakhulu ukutshintsha isimo imbongi? Kwaye akunjalo? Notes kuphela ubukrakra lokuba uninzi Lermontov isebenza. Bavakalisa nje nje ezichazayo ngakumbi, sifumanisa kwindinyana "Ndlelantle, ezingahlanjwanga eRashiya ...". Akukho ngezenzo ilizwe labo lokuzalwa, apho abagxeki nizama ukucacisa. Kukho intlungu imbongi angathanda ukubona ilizwe labo ochumileyo kunye zenkqubela phambili, kodwa kuyanyanzeleka ukuba nazigqibo yokuba la iminqweno ithintelwe urhulumente okhoyo.

Kodwa ke, ekugqibeleni, wonke umntu uzenzela isigqibo ngokwakhe, into akholelwa. iingxoxo lwaneleyo elinye kwelinye icala. Yaye nabani na ke umbhali walo mbongo kuba eneneni, ukuba ngokuqinileyo kuncwadi Russian yaye ngokuqinisekileyo na onokumxelela okuninzi malunga imeko egqubayo phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX.

Kwaye abalandeli Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova isebenza kakuhle umbhali apho, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, i imbongi. Hi ndlela leyi, lowo ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, wabizwa ngokuba ezihlangwini Pushkin! ilifa lakhe ezoncwadi, akukho mathandabuzo, kuba xa kuthelekiswa uchithachithayo impahla endlwini yobuncwane iincwadi Russian.