Uphi na Tatar Strait, yaye kutheni ibizwa ngokuba kunjalo?

Ngemihla yakudala kwakukho kwilizwe elikude nangaziwayo - Tartary. Sasihlala kwezizwe ezingaziwayo, Tartars bethwele sisisongelo kubuKristu (ngengqiqo yaseYurophu) kwaye ehamba linentsusa yalo kanye oluba - ubukumkani ngokunxunguphala, kwimimandla zinzulu of Hell. Ngenxa yokuba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 eNtshona Yurophu, esazi ukuba zonke izizwe abahlala kwindawo ephakathi koLwandle lweCaspian, China kunye Pacific Ocean.

History of igama

Kutheni Tatar Strait ebizwa Tatar? Ngapha koko, ukususela Sakhalin, Japan kunye Okhotsk kweelwandle, idibanisa kwindawo abahlala kuyo AmaTatar, amawaka aliqela iikhilomitha ... Isibakala sokuba Tartars abamhlophe ezifundwe ngemihla Genghis Khan. Hayi ingakumbi yokulungisa ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko zamaTurkic kunye nezizwe Mongolian, bonke baseYurophu wababiza nangezinto. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, igama elithi "AmaTatar" enziwa "ukubola". Indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa kule meko tshintsho, ekuthiwa ukubizwa Ezolimi ungcoliseko: isandi amagama kakhulu njenge "ukubola" - ummandla zinzulu wesihogo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abantu abahlala kwintsimi olungaziwayo elikude, waqala Ndimnike zonke iinkalo uphawu kubemi esihogweni. Igama elithi "AmaTatar" yaye "ukubola 'ukuba ngoko messed phezulu, ukuba lexinene anxibelelanisa tartar kunye nabanye mmandla yaziwa ngokuba ukubola. Noko ke, akumangalisi ukuba Tatar Strait edityaniswa abaninzi ne into eyoyikekayo, phantse otherworldly. Naxa ingxenye yayo esemazantsi iintsuku 40-80 abandezelekile ngonyaka ligutyungelwe ngumkhenkce. Kumntla yethuba "qhwa" ingahlala kweentsuku ezili-170. iimeko womkhenkce Tatar Strait ukuze xaka isifundo sakhe ukuba beemaphu kudala kuphikiswana, ibheyi okanye limxinwa phawu ngeendawo.

Iimpawu kunye indawo okuyo

La Perouse ngo-1787, Kruzenshtern ngo-1805, Broughton ngo-1796 aba yinxalenye Tatar Strait, kodwa ngenxa yokoyika sandbars baninzi bafumane amanzi aphantsi, wayengenakukwazi ukubudlulisela kuse ekupheleni. Baqiniseka ukuba Sakhalin yi usingasiqithi, yaye le ndawo, ngokulandelelana, bay. Ngowe-1846, umhambi Gavrilov baqinisekisa uguqulelo kwabo waza wafumanisa ukuba akukho Strait okanye Sakhalin, Amur okanye iRussia musa ukuba unayo nayiphi na eluncedo. Engazi ukuba yintoni na kwamashumi ambalwa phambi unocanda yakhe Japanese wathabatha ikhefu ukususela ekuqaleni ade ase ekupheleni, eqinisekile ukuba Sakhalin - siqithi, wathi Tatar Strait kwimaphu. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle Japanese, kwada 1849, olu lwazi ayaziwa mntu. Nevel kuphela wakwazi ukungqina ukuba yokupasa elimxinwa imikhumbi. Kodwa kwenzeka kuphela ngo-1849. Yintoni Strait namhlanje? Ukuluma Asia ukusuka Sakhalin Island. Inkqubo equka i-Tatar Strait, lo ichweba le Amur kunye Sakhalin Bay, odibanisa uLwandle Okhotsk kunye eLwandle Japan. imephu ukubola Strait ibonisa indlela ububanzi bayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Xa kwaza lexinene Nevelsky lingaphantsi kwe-8 km kwi North-40 km kwaye kunxweme lomzantsi yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye nenye km 324.

Ummangaliso nemvelo - i-Tatar Strait

Surprise kuphela kunxweme akaginywa ye ethekwini, kodwa ngumba onobunzulu enkulu. Enye ezininzi iindawo zakhe "nzulu" iphakathi Imperial Harbour kunye De-Kastri. Apha ibonisa ubunzulu kweemitha 32-37, kwaye kwiikhilomitha nje ezimbini ukusuka elunxwemeni. Ehlabathini Sakhalin elunxwemeni, kufutshane nesiqithi Monneron, kufuphi Cape Lesseps ubunzulu kuzo zonke nemiqulu leemitha-50 ukuya 100. Kodwa phakathi Cape various wafa, apho amarhe ukuba kukho sicatshulwa komhlaba ukusuka siqithi ukuya mpumalanga, ubunzulu weemitha ezili-10 kuphela. Phantse wonke umzi, kubekwe phezu kunxweme lexinene ayalingana ukuba iindawo ze-Far North. ukufuma High, amaqondo aphantsi nzima kakhulu ubomi babantu, kodwa musa kuchaphazela ubomi izidalwa yolwandle. Xa amanzi salmon Strait yesiqhelo kunye nokumkani salmon, sockeye nesalmon kunye iphezulu. Yintoni ayimangalisi kukuba abemi bonxweme ngamathuba imitha-ezimbini shark ukubanjwa. Long kungaziwa, njenge intlanzi, ungenako ukubathwala yengqele, ezibanjiswe ngomnatha labalobi zasekuhlaleni. Namhlanje, bonke lunokusolwa umdla kakhulu kunye nokushukumisa irhamncwa. "Aziphatha '- ngoko ngokuqhula kwaye kakhulu abantu bathi yokubambisa ookrebe. Kwi-Tatar Strait arhwebe herring, ndiyabanyibilikisa, mackerel.

Zokungena i Tatar Strait

Namhlanje, zonke schoolchild uyazi apho Tatar Strait. Funda esikolweni kunye umzi, ibekwe kunxweme yayo. nabantwana babo. Kumgama 663 km (oku ke ubude lexinene) efunyanwa imizi-8. Sovetskaya Gavan waziwa ngokuba sokugcina ka BAM, nangona imbali yayo iqala ngo-Agasti 1953. Le izibuko kwi Tatar Strait namhlanje enxulumene umgca kaloliwe ukusuka Komsomolsk-on-Amur Highway ukuya Vanino kunye Lidoga kwaye ukusuka kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya May-Gatka bangangena nakweyiphi dot emhlabeni. Km 32 ukusuka Sovetskaya Gavan na yinkungu izibuko Vanino. Yeyona izibuko inkulu iyavuma Territory. apha kwenqanawa traffic akayeki nkqu ebusika: ice-amaza rhoqo ekucoceni amanzi omkhenkce le. Piers Vanino Wasolula 3 km kwaye asebenza 22 Zase imini nobusuku.

Aleksandrovsk, Nevelsk, Kholmsk

Aleksandrovsk ene bobabo kummandla Sakhalin, kwaye ibekwe elunxwemeni ngasentshonalanga. Ngowe-75 km kude ke ucando encinane moya. Kwelinye zokuhlala zokuhlala ezidolophini sibophelela indlela luhlalu. Esi sixeko kwiimeko sezulu kulingana ngexabiso Far North. Ubomi apha ongqwabalala nengqele ngokoqobo.

Nevelsk wayibhala Sakhalin Oblast. Eli zibuko kwi Tatar Strait yaziwa kwindawo ukudilika Russian. Oku mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba kukho imilambo ezintathu kumpompoza: Kazachka, Lovetskaya kunye Nevelskaya. Ngo-2007, inyikima zitshatyalaliswe phantse ngokupheleleyo umzi. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umsebenzi wokulungisa ugqityiwe kudala, abantu balishiye ngcembe umzi.

Kholmsk - kuphela kunye nothotho inkulu Sakhalin embindini ummandla wamanzi unfrozen. ezinjengeetheminali ezimbini mihla, 3 kwisikhululo sikaloliwe, a hub yezothutho omkhulu oxhulumene kwinkqubo enye. Kholmsk - ngumbindi kwenkcubeko, kushishino kunye noqoqosho. De 1946, yena enxibe igama Japanese Mauki (Maoka).

De-Kastri, Shahtersk, Uglegorsk

A kwilali encinci elinabemi abantu ngaphantsi kwe-4 amawaka kubalulekile kuba iye ikhusi ezininzi zendalo imikhumbi. De-Kastri ithiywe emva kokuba Marquis of La Perouse hambo sponsor. A ezincinane kodwa ezibalulekileyo kwi zibuko zomkhosi bobabo kwi iyavuma Territory. Ekubeni phantse kumbindi Sakhalin Shakhtersk kwakhona libhekisela Tatar Strait. Nguye kuphela moya edibanisa indawo Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, kunye neminye imizi siqithi. Kunokuthatha YAK040 kuphela kunye AN-24. uqoqosho esixeko ngokuthe nokwehla: ukusuka kwimigodi eziliqela ngoku usebenza "Udarnovskaya" yaye ngokuyinxenye Solntsevsky yamalahle. Port Uglegorsk eyaziwa isiteshi yayo, apho abahlali esiyibiza "River Tuhlyankoy". Uwisa ido- inkunkuma okusila kwi Tatar Strait, yaye ngakumbi kubantu kuLwandle Japan. Esi sixeko a LPH kunye nokutya nosomashishini. lobushushu ngonyaka Umyinge yi -1,7 ° C. De 1946 yayiveliswa apho amalahle, kodwa namhlanje imveliso yenziwa kwezinye iindawo.

Riddle of the Tatar Strait

Nkqu kwenkulungwane ye-19, ingcamango wokwakha kwitonela phantsi komhlaba yaphakanyiswa, ekhokelela Sakhalin. mbono enomtsalane akazange ndaqonda; akwabakho imali ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Le imbambano ngowe-1929, kodwa Stalin wenza isigqibo sokugqibela. Kwitonela phantsi Tatar Strait waqalisa ukuyakha iingalo Gulag amabanjwa. Oku kwaqala kwi Cape elahlekileyo, yaye iphele ngomhla nemisinga eCape Lazareva. Akubuzwa nzima kangakanani umsebenzi amabanjwa kwi Far North. Kodwa kokufa kukaStalin wonke umsebenzi wayeka. Oku kwenzeka iibhiliyoni imini enye utyalo-mali, iitoni izinto zokwakha wahlala elingasetyenziswanga. Tunneling sele ngisho nokuqalisa. Noko ke, kule yokwakha usenalo a lot of amavo. phantse ugqibile, kodwa kakhulu ezithathwa ngokutsho komnye ukwakhiwa version. Kwelinye - okuye kwagcwala amawaka amabanjwa etoneleni. Yaziwa into enye. Namhlanje, kukho iindlela ezintathu kokuxhuma Sakhalin kunye nemisinga: isambuku wedama, Itonela kunye kwebhulorho. imihla yabo okufezekisa kodwa bengazi, kodwa uya kude ngaphaya 2015. Noko ke, maxa, ulwazi libonakala koonondaba malunga nento yokuba ukuba Japan kuya kuthatha inxaxheba ekwakheni, kuya kugqitywa ngexesha nje elifutshane.

Yintoni edamini?

Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba ukuba namyvat Idama kwaso, kwaza (apho lwaseYurophu yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye nenye km 7 kuphela), unyaka ungenza idama ethembekileyo kunye zibuya enye kuphela. Kwi edamini ogqityiweyo ungakwazi ukufaka isityalo amandla, nto leyo ebanceda amanzi, uya kuvelisa, ukuba bangachithi amandla. Ngokutsho abayili, isikhululo samandla sedama kuchaphazela imozulu Tatar Strait. Iimboni ezininzi ebhegini bathi nefowuni lobugcisa ukuguqula isimo esibi Strait enothando ofudumeleyo iiholide buthelezi.