Uncwadi yobuciko - ntoni na? iimpawu zendlela iincwadi yobuciko. uncwadi yobuciko eRashiya: Imizekelo ababhali

Yobuciko - yinto intshukumo yokuluka ukuba yaphuhliswa kwinkulungwane XVII ekuqaleni. Iguqulwe kwintsingiselo elithi Italian "engaqhelekanga", "wasemzini". Le meko iye wachukumisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa ngokukodwa bokwakha. Yaye yintoni na iimpawu uphawu uncwadi yobuciko?

A incinane

Ukukhokela isikhundla ekuhlaleni nakubomi bezopolitiko Europe ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, ahlala ibandla. Ubungqina boku - i lesikhumbuzo obalaseleyo izakhiwo. Ukuqinisa amandla icawa ukuba ngoncedo imifanekiso wobugcisa. into Kufuneka eqaqambileyo, artsy, nokuba izenzo ngakumbi. Ngoko ke wazalwa ngendlela entsha ubugcisa, apho wazalelwa khona kumbindi ngoko yenkcubeko of Europe - Italy.

Oku kwaqala uphuhliso yayo ubugcisa bokwakha, kodwa kamva zandiswa ukuquka ezinye iintlobo zobugcisa. Ababhali kunye iimbongi musani kuhlala angazihoyi iintsingiselo ezintsha inkcubeko. Wazalwa indlela entsha - uncwadi ezimbejembeje (aksenti kwi lwegama yesibini).

Imisebenzi yobuciko ezazijoliswe balizukisa amandla ibandla. Kumazwe amaninzi, le ndawo iye yaphuhliswa uhlobo art wenkundla. Kamva, Noko ke, bona babeba ntlobo yobuciko. Kwakukho iimpawu ezizodwa yale isimbo. Uphuhliso kakhulu umsebenzi ezimbejembeje wafumana kumazwe yamaKatolika.

main

Neemfuno Catholic Church ukomeleza ukubhomboloza amandla kwakunye kunokwenzeka engqinelanayo ubugcisa, iimpawu uphawu kuzo nobumbejembeje, pomposity, maxa wambi akabaxwa imizwa. Kule ncwadi ngayo ayinyamezeleki, ingqalelo ubuhule, yaye, Isimanga, umgaqo emzimbeni. A isici esasenza yobuciko indlela sobuciko izibaso sublime kunye emhlabeni.

uhlobo

uncwadi sobuciko yingqokelela imisebenzi yobugcisa, leyo ukuba uthelekiswa sakudala. Moliere, Racine kunye Corneille wadala izenzo zabo ngokungqinelana imithetho engqongqo. Xa imisebenzi wabhala abameli kwiindawo ezifana uncwadi yobuciko, kukho Izikweko, iisimboli, uchasaniso, ukushiyana. Bona luphawulwa yimvelo nolulahlekisayo, ukusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo yokuthetha.

uncwadi yobuciko kamva yahlulwe iintlobo eziliqela:

• Marinism;
• Gongorism;
• konseptizm;
• euphuism.

Ukuzama ukuqonda iimpawu nganye kwezi ayikho imfuneko. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bathi amagama ambalwa malunga iimpawu zendlela uncwadi yobuciko, ngubani na abameli balo engundoqo.

sobuhle yobuciko

Ngexesha Renaissance kwiincwadi waqala ukubonisa uluvo zobuntu. Endaweni emnyama aphakathi waqonda ixabiso ubuntu. I Ukukhanya aza ukuphuhlisa ingcinga lwenzululwazi, zefilosofi kunye nezentlalo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kubekho ngendlela efana uncwadi yobuciko. Yintoni na? Sinokutsho ukuba indlela sobuciko uncwadi - a uhlobo link yenguqu. Kwafakwa poetics Renaissance, kodwa akazange kuphika yayo.

Isiseko ubuhle yobuciko - le ngozi kwezimvo ezimbini ezichaseneyo. Xa imisebenzi yalo intshukumo wengcibi yokuluka zodonga sidibanisa inkolelo amathuba oluntu kunye nokukholwa omnipotence zehlabathi zendalo. Zibonisa iimfuno yeengcinga yenyama. Yintoni na umxholo ephambili ngemisebenzi, asekwe phantsi kolwalathiso 'ncwadi yobuciko "? Ababhali Akukho wayengenakuwukhuthaza umbono othile kwi ndawo umntu ekuhlaleni kunye nehlabathi. izimvo zabo aphakathi kuka hedonism, nangokuthobeka kwentliziyo, izulu nomhlaba, uThixo ngumtyholi. Olunye uphawu le ncwadi sobuciko ukubuyiswa mibala yamandulo.

uncwadi yobuciko, imizekelo apho ingabonwa kuphela Italy kodwa ngeSpanish, isiFrentshi, Polish kunye neenkcubeko Russian, zisekelwe kumgaqo yokudibanisa gaka. Ababhali ziyadibana kumsebenzi wakhe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Eyona njongo ephambili kubamangalisa, wagubungela umfundi. Imizobo Strange, imifanekiso engaqhelekanga, efumba iintlobo zemifanekiso, indibanisela wempangelo nakunqulo - zonke iinkalo uncwadi ezimbejembeje.

umbono jikelele

Sobuciko akabalahli iingcamango humanistic ezendeleyo Renaissance. Kodwa le ngcinga i nombala kabuhlungu. Man ezimbejembeje ezixineneyo iingcinga ziphikisana. Ukulungele ukuba silwe nemikhosi okusingqongileyo zentlalo iinkanuko zawo.

Ingcamango ebalulekileyo yehlabathi sobuciko yindibaniselwano ye wokwenene wengqikelelo, efanelekileyo kunye emhlabeni. Ababhali owadala izenzo zabo ngale ndlela, ngokufuthi wafumana zokuthanda nokungavisisani, ubaxo nkulumo.

inkalo yangaphandle sobuciko lwezobugcisa ukuqonda ethile ngobuhle. Iifom Pretentiousness, ubungangamsha, ubukhazikhazi - iimpawu uphawu le meko.

heroes

Uphawu udla imisebenzi yobuciko umntu owomeleleyo, ukuhlonipheka ukukwazi ukucinga esisiso. Umzekelo, amaqhawe Calderon - dramatist Spanish, omnye abameli aqaqambe uncwadi ezimbejembeje - ezihlawulelwayo ukunxanelwa ulwazi, umnqweno ubulungisa.

Europe

Abameli uncwadi Italian ezimbejembeje - yi Jacopo Sannadzoro, Tebeldeo, Tasso, Guarini. Xa imisebenzi ezi ababhali pretentiousness langoku, ornamentalism, umdlalo igama kunye nomtsalane kwizifundo nangqondo.

Ummeli iphambili ncwadi Spanish sobuciko Luis De Góngora, omnye iintlobo ulwalathiso wengcibi emva kwabangalungiselwanga igama. Okunye abameli - linguBaltasar Gracian, Alonso De Ledesma, Frntsisko de Quevedo. Ndingade ndithi eyaqala eItali, kamva ubuhle ezimbejembeje wafumana uphuhliso esebenzayo ilindele eSpeyin. Iimpawu zale intshukumo uncwadi apho kwaye iprozi. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula edume "Don Quixote." hero ingawenzi 'uhlala inxenye kwihlabathi woyilo kwabo. Misadventures ye Knight bobuso buhlungu bafana uhambo Homeric lomlinganiswa. Kodwa ke encwadini Spanish umbhali elibi langoku kunye ngeqhawe.

Monument iincwadi sobuciko i "Simplicissimus" Grimelsgauzena. Kule ncwadi, apho ababephila lingakhangeleka ome kancinane kwaye hayi ngaphandle ahlekisayo, yabonisa iziganeko ezibuhlungu kwimbali eJamani, oko kukuthi i Years War. Xa iziko zesakhiwo sebali - umfana elula, ngubani na yokujikeleza olungenasiphelo nangokubona zombini adventure ezibuhlungu funny.

E France, eli xesha ithandwa kakhulu "Précieuses".

E Poland iincwadi yobuciko zimelwe ngamagama afana Zbignev Morshtyn, Vespasianius Kohovsky, Vatslav Pototsky.

Russia

Polotsky and F. Prokopovich - abameli iincwadi Russian yobuciko. Lo mkhuba waba ligosa ingqiqo ethile. uncwadi yobuciko eRashiya sabonakala kwi-kwimibongo courtly, kodwa siye savela noko eyohlukileyo kumazwe Western aseYurophu. Inyaniso kukuba, njengokuba sisazi, le ezimbejembeje iye indawo Renaissance, eseyiphantse ayaziwa eRashiya. A intshukumo uncwadi, ekuthethwe ngayo kweli nqaku, yaba umahluko ezimbalwa ukusuka kwicala bezobugcisa inkcubeko ezingundoqo Renaissance.

BakaSimon of Polotsk

Ngoko ke ufuna zizalana kwimibongo yakhe iingqiqo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengcamango. Polotsk wanika logic kwezibongo nkqu ezimbalwa ubuhlobo wakhe omkhulu nenzululwazi. Ingqokelela imisebenzi yakhe zifana izichazi Encyclopedic. Imisebenzi yakhe ikakhulu sizinikele ngemiba eyahlukeneyo ekuhlaleni.

Yintoni Imibongo kuthatha umfundi mihla? Kakade ke, kamva. Yintoni enencasa indoda Russian - uncwadi ezimbejembeje okanye Silver Age? Kungenzeka, le yokugqibela. Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Gumilev ... Creation, okwadala Polotsk, Kunzima Kumnandi ukuba niyinikele abathandi umbongo. Le umbhali ubhale uthotho lwemibongo, moralizing umlinganiswa. Ndiyaqonda ukuba namhlanje kunzima ngenxa yobuninzi iifomu lixesha zegrama archaisms. "Umntu vinopiytsa byashe" - ibinzana, ixabiso ukuba wonke umntu uya kuqonda owayephila zethu.

iincwadi yobuciko, kwakunye nezinye zobugcisa kule isimbo, ngentando phezu inkululeko ukukhetha indlela yokuthetha. Imisebenzi iindlela ezintsonkothileyo. Kwaye ke idla ngokuba okubi langoku ebangelwe zokuqiniseka namandla oluntu ekulweni angaphandle. Ngelo xesha, ulwazi impermanence zehlabathi edityaniswe umnqweno ukoyisa le ngxaki. Ngoncedo boncwadi kwazanywa ukwazi ingqondo ephakamileyo, ukuqonda indawo somntu, nobukhulu bendawo yonke.

Zobuciko yaba imveliso ye uqhushululu kwezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo. Ngamanye amaxesha waqonda njengelinge ukubuyisela ihlabathi ephakathi. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela iye indawo ebalulekileyo kwimbali uncwadi, kwaye ngaphezu koko ngenxa yokuba isiseko kuphuhliso ngezinto eziqhubekayo zakutshanje.