Umchamo - ntoni na? Ucalulo nomsebenzi womchamo

Abantu abaninzi baye beva-gama hlobo "umchamo." Ntoni na, siya kuzama ukuyisombulula apha ngezantsi. Eli qela mithi yokuhlelwa yayo, iimpawu kunye neempawu ze

Umchamo - ntoni na?

Womchamo kwakhona ngokuba womchamo amayeza. Ukuba amayeza zokwenziwa okanye imvelaphi izityalo, nto leyo bayakwazi ukwandisa kukhuthaza umchamo yi nezintso. Ngale, kunye eyomeleziweyo umchamo kukhuthaza neetyuwa kunye namanzi, kwaye sehlise izinga ulwelo kwi nemingxuma kunye namalaphu. Ngenxa yale zancitshiswa okanye zinyamalale nokudumba. Womchamo - amachiza asetyenziswa kakhulu nothomalaliso nomfutho (eziphakamileyo uxinzelelo lwegazi). Ngokufuthi asetyenziswa ukunyanga onomoya congestive nesifo sentliziyo, uhlobo kunye nenombolo izifo zesibindi kunye nezifo ezinxulumene namaphephandaba kakuhle bandiqumbisayo ngxi emzimbeni. Imithi ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo womchamo ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa iimpawu flatulence, nto leyo maxa wambi ekhatshwa PMS okanye sele wabonakalaliswa esexesheni. Ukungqinelana ngqongqo irejimeni yonyango kunye nedosi womchamo musa ukuba ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Bakhuselekile kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.

Womchamo ngexesha lokukhulelwa

gynecologists abaninzi akukhuthazwa ukuba kusela ngexesha womchamo lokukhulelwa. Iziyobisi ukuze uphephe kwimveku kunye nempilo sikanina. Le nefuthe elibi yafunyanwa hayi kudala. Ngaphambili, iziyobisi umchamo kusetyenziselwa ukuzinciphisa nokudumba ngexesha lokukhulelwa, counteracting yokukhulelwa et al.

Womchamo: ngezigaba

Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo amayeza umchamo. kudidi ngalunye zayo amandla kunye nobuthathaka. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iqela kweziyobisi:

• Loop Imithi.
• potassium-ndiconga womchamo.
• amachiza Thiazide.
• agents thiazide.

Malunga la maqela kuxoxwa ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi ngezantsi.

womchamo loop

Olu didi lwe iziyobisi yeyona common kakhulu. Oku kuquka amayeza afana "ethacrynic acid," "Torasemide" "Furosemide" "piretanide" "bumetanide". Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ubume zekhemikhali zinokwahluka kakhulu, aba womchamo kufuneka indlela efanayo amanyathelo. La malungiselelo zonyango zinqanda reabsorption kwezinto ezifana sodium, chloride kunye potassium. Isihloko "womchamo noyi" ngenxa indlela yazo yokusebenza. Resorption kwenzeka ukwenyuka loop ka Henle isabelo. It ikhutshwa phandle olubiyele sodium, chlorine, potassium kwi inwebu apical iiseli tubular epithelial. Ngenxa kule nokusebenza ihlasela inkqubo ujingi-counterflow kwi nezintso. Ngaphezu koko, womchamo ayakwazi olu hlobo yandisa iimpahla uthinte.

engemihle womchamo loop

Amandla isiphumo kwezi imithi inkulu engaqhelekanga; bayakwazi ukwandisa umchamo ifayileyemveliso nge-25%. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iziyobisi balahlekelwe ukusebenza kunye kuqheleke BCC, le womchamo esingenasiphelo-uhlobo meko yaqhubeka ukuze isebenze. Kuyinto ngenxa isenzo umchamo bomelele angadala iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Eyona ezinqabileyo nzima - yokuhla uxinzelelo lwegazi, hypovolemia, kunciphise rate ukuhluza glomerular kunye ithombo legazi kwezintso. Ngenxa nokususwa bhetele hydrogen, chlorine kunye potassium ayikwazi ngaphandle alkalosis metabolic. Ngamanye amaxesha womchamo loop kudale hyponatremia kunye hypokalemia. Kwiimeko ezinqabe - hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziquka: nesiyezi, isicaphucaphu, buthathaka. Medicine "ethacrynic acid" ngokufuthi kudale ukungeva ngokusisigxina okanye okwethutyana, kunye neutropenia. Imithi Konke oku hlobo akade ngasentla, zisuswe umzimba usebenzisa nezintso, metabolizing esibindini.

Ezibonisa womchamo loop

Ezi Imithi ezimiselweyo zonke iintlobo ukusilela kwentliziyo. Kwaye kuyimfuneko ngakumbi izifo ezifana ukusilela intliziyo uhlobo eliyinjubaqa kunye nokudumba nezengekho miphungeni. Imithi nazo e hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, yaye ukusilela kwezintso. Womchamo uhlobo loop kuqhubeka ukusebenza xa elinye iqela womchamo, kunye nendibaniselwano zayo olungasebenziyo. Eli xabiso lwabo olukhulu. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo kunjalo eqhelekileyo - a umchamo loop. Yintoni na, sele kusetyenzwa.

womchamo thiazide

Ezi amalungiselelo ezonyango kunye nezakhi yabo ( "Indapamide" "chlorthalidone" yaye "Metolazone") zisetyenziswa kakhulu rhoqo. Ngokuyintloko, oku kubangelwe izinga eliphezulu kukufakwa kwisiqwenga zesisu, kwakunye kwinqanaba olungileyo tolerability nomonde. womchamo Thiazide angaphantsi enamandla ngaphezu ngokwenzekayo, kodwa ke enkosi ixesha elide amanyathelo ziboniswa abantu abanezigulo ezingapheliyo ezifana emithanjeni hypertension kubalulekile uhlobo and non-kakhulu sisifo sentliziyo congestive, uhlobo. womchamo Thiazide lalathelwe ulawulo ngomlomo. Diuresis luqala emva kweeyure 1-2, kodwa isiphumo therapeutic umfutho kwezinye iimeko, ukuze babonwe iinyanga kuphela emva 3 unyango rhoqo. Lo ngukhokho eli qela chlorothiazide. Lubonakala yi ukunyibilika lipid phantsi, yaye bioavailability yoko ephantsi. Ngenxa yoku, kuba isiphumo enyangayo kufuna amayeza balawule ephakamileyo. Ichiza "chlorthalidone" ugxile kakhulu kancinane, ngoko ke isuntswana ngakumbi ixesha amanyathelo. Lithetha "Metolazone" kunqabile ukuba babe nempumelelo kakhulu izigulane umsebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, njengoko kuchasene eminye imithi kolu didi.

womchamo potassium-zingawucongi

Kukho kwakhona potassium ukulondoloza womchamo. Yintoni na? La machiza asetyenziswa kunyango nomfutho idityaniswe nezinye iindidi iziyobisi. Iziphepha kukhuthaza ngokugqithisileyo yomzimba potassium, nto leyo isiphumo kwicala eliqhelekileyo lwamachiza umchamo ezinye iindidi. Hypokalemia - ukuhla inqanaba potassium kwi plasma. It is a ihlupha womchamo thiazide, adla emiselweyo unyango lwegazi. Xa inqanaba potassium liyehla, isigulane uqalisa ndiba buthathaka, udiniwe ngokukhawuleza, yena a arrhythmia intliziyo. Ukuthintela oku, kunye namachiza thiazide badla emiselweyo womchamo potassium-ndiconga. Bagcina umzimba kunye potassium ngakumbi kunye nezinye izimbiwa ezibalulekileyo - magnesium calcium. Ngoko kakhulu ke musa ukulibala ukurhoxiswa ulwelo abangaphezu kwemfuneko kunye sodium. Ukungabikho amayeza potassium-zingawucongi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. amanqanaba potassium plasma nande ngokugqithiseleyo (ngaphezu kwe-5 mmol / l.). Le meko ke yaziwa ngokuba hyperkalemia. Oku kunokubangela ukukhubazeka yezihlunu kunye arrhythmias kwentliziyo, kude ime. Uphuhliso sezifo kunokwenzeka izigulane insufficiency kwezintso.

Ukusetyenziswa yonyango nomfutho

Womchamo lwegazi ezibubungqina. Eziphuhlisa ngayo ukususwa ulwelo ivela emzimbeni, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo lwegazi. Enyanisweni engqinekayo kukuba amayeza umchamo zinempumelelo ethe kratya ukuba unyango izigulane abadala xa kuthelekiswa beta-blocker. Womchamo Imithi ziqukwe kuluhlu lwamayeza-line yokuqala, ezisetyenziswa bunjani uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ngokutsho kwizincomo koogqirha United States, eli candelo kufuneka isetyenziselwe unyango lokuqala lwegazi (gingxi). Ngenxa yokubaluleka olukhulu lolawulo uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye zehlisa ingozi sentliziyo kwi unyango, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe neziphumo pathways, ezo engqalene amayeza umfutho. Enye into ebalulekileyo ifuthe ikhondo izifo zabo iimpawu ilungu enxulumene.

Imithi Thiazide kunye thiazide lwegazi

Ngaphambili, lwegazi ngokuqhelekileyo iphathwa kunye womchamo loop. Kodwa ngoku zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuba unyango lwe kwizintso, sisifo sentliziyo kunye nokudumba. Iziphumo zabonisa thiazide-uhlobo amachiza ngempumelelo elungileyo. Ziphucula ALS wegazi. Noko ke, ukunciphisa umngcipheko iziganeko coronary xa usebenzisa ezi mali akubanga ucaca xa kuthelekiswa neziphumo ezilindelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi thiazide kwenyusa amathuba arrhythmias. Ezinye izigulane azikwazi ukufa nokuba ngesiquphe arrhythmic. Njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka ukuphazamiseka of carbohydrate kunye lipid ukutya, kwakunye hyperuricemia. Ingaba yimbi ngenxa yegazi seswekile. Medpreparty eli qela idla ukudityaniswa umchamo potassium-ndiconga.

Inqanaba elilandelayo yokuzivelela of womchamo yokuphatha izixhobo zentsimbi thiazide lwegazi. Ingakumbi, le kakuhle olungqiniweyo kuhlelwe ngo-1974 ukhokho wawo - Imithi "Indapamide". Unalungelo lini na ukuba tiazidopodobnye kuthetha ukusebenza ngaphantsi kakhulu sodium reabsorption, nto leyo ithetha ukuba isiphumo ngaphantsi kakhulu potassium emzimbeni. Ngenxa yoko, iziphumo ezibi pathways kwaye diabetogenic azinako bengekho. Ngoku kufunyaniswe ukuba esetyenziswa ngeedosi ezincinane ichiza "Indapamide" ngaphandle amanyathelo umchamo unako ukwenza indima a ochasene calcium lomsebenzi vasodilator kwaye ukukhuthaza imveliso prostaglandin E2.

Xa iimeko mihla lamayeza thiazide kwaye thiazide ezisetyenziswa nje ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwegazi, kodwa njengenyathelo lokuthintela, kwakunye kuba unyango lwe izitshanguba lokuphela omzimba. La machiza badla kakhulu kuchaziwe a kwizifundo zonyango udibaniso. Bona Tobacco kakuhle kwaye ngoko zisetyenziswa kakhulu ehlabathini lonke.