Umbhali Vera Panova. Biography Panova, Vera Fedorovna

Vera Panova eyaziwa kubafundi mihla ikakhulu njengomfundisi kunye Sergei Dovlatov umlinganiswa. Yakhe iincwadi namhlanje musa ukufunda okuninzi. Umfazi, enyanisweni, - classic iincwadi Soviet. Vera Panova - umbhali, ogama iincwadi ziye wayemthanda kwaye umfundi ngokubanzi, kunye nabaphetheyo ngokwengqondo leSoviet.

Mfutshane biography creative

umsebenzi wakhe ubandakanya zeempendulo, imidlalo, amabali, iinoveli. Baya Vera Panova iphakamisa iingxaki zentlalo yokuziphatha sexesha lakhe. It ahlalutye kwingcingane ngayo ulwalamano kunye nabalinganiswa. Ethandwa kakhulu ke ibali "satellites" yaye "Serge" (ngokulandelelanayo 1946 no-1955), kwakunye iinoveli "Kruzhilikha" yaye "Four Seasons" (1947 no-1953). Idala ngo-1958 "kwinoveli theka", nto leyo umzobo isizukulwana 20 zenkulungwane yama-20. Vera Panova - winner kuStalin kunye USSR Prize State (izihlandlo ezithathu - ngo-1947, 48 no-50 iminyaka).

Family of Faith Fedorovna

Yena wazalwa ngo-1905, ngomhla we-7 Matshi kwisixeko Rostov-on-Don. Uyise umbhali elizayo - i merchant Sivikivekile, yaye kamva waba mali oncedisayo ebhankini Rostov. Xa Ukholo wayeneminyaka-5 ubudala (ngo-1910), ke zafa kabuhlungu antywiliselwa e Don. Ngoko ke Ukholo unina, ngubani wayengumfundisi yomculo wobugcisa, kwafuneka ukuba ukukhulisa abantwana babo phezu kontorschitsy umvuzo kunye nomhlolokazi nenkamnkam uNothozamile evela ebhankini.

Childhood Panova

Nzima iminyaka Ekuqaleni nosaziwayo elandelayo. Baye ndiswele kunye nentlupheko. Kodwa Panova wayeqhelene ubomi amadlelo umzi, nobomi babantu. Ngaba okuvelayo ziphikisana ebuntwaneni bakhe. Ndisemncinane, kunye Imizobo bala isixeko lokucheba Rostov, umbhali elizayo wandikhumbula kubomi bemihla ngemihla yephondo. Wafumana ekupheleni laseRashiya endala. I-Civil War kunye Oktobha Revolution lawuzamazamisayo indlela ukusoloko yobomi. Zonke izenzakalo eli xesha anzima, kuvavanywa ngokwayo kunye nokukhula. Amaxesha aliqela ukutshintsha amandla esixekweni. Kuphela ekuqaleni kuka 1920, ekugqibeleni waba eSoviet.

Panova waphumelela phambi kokuba isikolo Revolution Class 4. Ukuze uqhubeke uqeqesho kwafuneka ukuba kushiywa ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali. intombazana Ekhaya ozibandakanye kwimfundo-self. Uthi ufunde lukhulu, kakhulu ekuqaleni waqalisa ukubhala umbongo.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Panova Vera Fedorovna-17 eziprintiweyo rhoqo ndaba ezifana "yiSoviet South", "Ulutsha ye-Don", "Labor aqukuqela i Don" kunye nabanye. Yena epapashwe phantsi elabo V. Staroselskaya (ifani umbhali umyeni) kunye Vera Veltman ezininzi ahlekisayo ezimfutshane ezinoburharha, amanqaku, izincoko, imbalelwano. Kule best satirical ephuma lusiba lombhali oselula ( "Ikomkhulu iileta," "igqabi umkhiwane", "Muprista Lonkulu," "ugqirha wezilwanyana-Chernigov", "misebenzi engaziwa", "Three ephumayo"). Ezi mpapasho beza Vera Panova udumo wokuqala. ziye na kwaba lilize, kwaye phambili ubuchule bokuyila, eshiya isigqubuthelo obhityileyo ahlekisayo isigqebelo ezichuliweyo, apho kamva kuya kubakho khona emininzi imisebenzi yakhe edumileyo.

Nolwazi kwisangqa boncwadi

Iminyaka emininzi, ubuntatheli uhlala umsebenzi Panova enkulu. Ukuganga kuyo, wadibana ne-Alexander Fadeyev, J. Hughes, B. Stavsky, N. Pogodin-ofisi yephephandaba. Safika Rostov A. Mariengof, Mayakovsky, Lunacharsky, S. Yesenin. Vera Panova wasebenza de yee nenani-30 kwiimagazini nakumaphephandaba Rostov abantwana ( "Horn", "umlilo", "abazukulwana uLenin kaThixo").

Ukufudukela Ukraine

Ebusika 1934-1935, ziyahlelwa umbhali senzeka cinca kabuhlungu. On ngezityholo zobuxoki, wabanjwa B. Vakhtin, umyeni wakhe wesibini. Esoyika intshutshiso, Panova Vera Fedorovna wafudukela ndawonye abantwana Ukraine, kwi kummandla Poltava (kwilali Shishaki). Apha ambhalele nemibongo malunga nentlekele silwa olungalinganiyo kunye Republican Spanish Franco.

Drama Panova

Zahamba kakuhle ukuba nomdla kakhulu kwidrama Vera Feodorovna. Wabonisa wonke umsebenzi wakhe yokuluka. Xa Vera Panova, engobomi elichazwa kweli nqaku, ngowe-1933 bafudukela eLeningrad, wathabatha nzulu iingxaki yeqonga. Le midlalo ye pre-imfazwe "iikulya Kosogor" yaye "Xa Moscow endala" (ngokulandelelanayo - 1939 no 1940) Panov wajika ukuya kwiminyaka owandulela revolution - lo mfanekiso phakathi kodidi indlela yobomi, abemi ababesele bephila yaye kwiminyaka elandelayo. E Moscow, umdlalo waya eqongeni ngo-1940, lo Yu.Zavadskogo. Yena bezichankcisa iLeningrad Theatre. Pushkin ngaphambi kwemfazwe (umlawuli - Vivien L.).

IMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu kubomi umbhali

Panova Enkulu Yobuzwe War, wadibana kwidolophu Pushkin, ibekwe kufuphi eLeningrad. Andinalo ixesha kuphunywe phambi kokufika amaJamani Vera Panova. Biography yombhali ngexesha lemfazwe kuphuhliswa ngolu hlobo. Nomntwana (kwi Ukraine, uShishaki, wahlala abantwana ababini) Panova wayeselula ubunzima obukhulu kwidolophana Ukrainian. Kamva okuvelayo ngale ndlela ibonakaliswe kumdlalo ebizwa ngokuba "Blizzard", kwakunye inoveli ngokuphila zakutshanje yi Vera Panova "Xa ubomi bam, iincwadi zokufunda." Kwintsimi ezinabantu, kwidolophana Vera isandla yokuqala ubunzulu abantu yentlekele. Kolu vavanyo, yaphuma ngokuziphatha lukhuni, ezele iingcamango ezintsha.

Ukutshintshela Perm, ibali "satellites"

Panova ilawulwa ekupheleni kuka-1943 ukuya ku Ukraine ukuya Perm. Esi sixeko wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ebomini bakhe njengokuba kunjalo apha, amagama omnye kumaphephandaba, wanikwa umsebenzi ukuya njenge intatheli kuloliwe esibhedlele ukuze ubhale incwadana yeehambo kwiziphumo amava abasebenzi. Ngoko ke ibali "satellites" wasekwa ngo-1946, sesinye sezona imisebenzi emihle umbhali, waba ezaziwa uncwadi kwethuba eSoviet. Emva koko Panova wathabatha Union of Writers Soviet.

Ibali waba imvakalelo elikhulu kwihlabathi uncwadi. Yaba yimpumelelo enkulu kunye nabafundi. Xa imveliso - nje inyaniso, kungekhona nethontsi ubuxoki. Panova konyaka kamva kunikwa i Stalin Prize - nomqondiso ingqalelo yoluntu. "Satellites," njengoko yaziwa, badumisa Stalin ngokwakhe. Ngu Panova impumelelo kwafika bt emva kwexesha ngokwentelekiso umbhali-Union zonke senzeka xa sele novalo zakhe.

Vera Panova, ifoto leyo inikwa ekuqaleni, eli bali likwazile ukwenza gallery elincinane kodwa ngayo zabalinganiswa. izahluko Yahlula abazinikele lamaqhawe, "Yulia Dmitrieva," "uGqr Belov," "Lena", "Daniyeli". "Satellites" yi zokwakha - umqokozo amabali amafutshane ngobude ezidale ayibonakali umfundi-isikali, iprojekthi art ngokupheleleyo.

"Evdokia"

Ngowe-1945, umbhali Vera Panova wadala ibali wokuqala - "Family Pie Shop" ( "Evdokia" njengoko ulungisiwe ngo-1959). "Evdokia" Panova uthambekele ukuba siqwalasele bt bakhe bokwenene kweli ncwadi ukususela kwixesha lokuqala wabhala ngendlela yakhe yesiqhelo.

"Kruzhilikha"

Roman "Kruzhilikha" iphuma ngo 1947. Uthi ibali malunga abantu lemfazwe mveliso phambene. "Kruzhilikha" - inoveli malunga kwilali ukusebenza ebizwa Motovilikha. Imveliso ephambili ungquzulwano kwenzeka phakathi Listopad, umlawuli we-mveliso, kunye Uzdechkin, inkokheli zemanyano yabasebenzi. Yena, ngokungafaniyo uninzi lwezinye imisebenzi uhlobo "lemveliso" iinoveli, kwinkalo yokuziphatha. Yiyo le icala "Kruzhilikha" yavus 'enokuphikiswa yaye kwamathandabuzo omkhulu kwiingxoxo ezininzi. Noko ke, umbhali Vera Panova kulo msebenzi uye wahlala okwenyaniso ngokwayo; kusoloko enemincili kwaye banomdla kwimiba yokuziphatha. Ukususela iimpawu okunexabiso abantu kwakuxhomekeke bonke "mveliso".

umsebenzi olunye

Panova, uVera Fedorovna, engobomi leyo sinomdla kule minyaka ilandelayo, idala uthotho iinoveli namabali amafutshane: "Bright Shore", "Romance theka", "amaxesha" (ngokulandelelana - 1949, 1958 no-1953).

Story "Sergei," zibhaliwe ngo-1955 ode ukuba uthotho imisebenzi ngabantwana: "Umfana Girl", "Vladimir", "Val 'kunye nabanye.

A screen lithathelwe "Sergei"

Eli bali omncinane utsale ingqalelo Igor Talankin kunye Georgy Danelia, abalawuli bhanya oselula. Basebenzisa umbhali ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekudaleni leempendulo. impumelelo enkulu yaba eponymous umboniso. Waba e Vary Film Festival International, Grand Prix. Kungakuhle ibephakathi iprozi Panova cinema obuhle, njengokuba kubhaliwe ibekwe esizikithini umphefumlo womntu, hayi oomatshini karhulumente.

Isebenza kwimixholo zembali

Umbhali Panova kwiminyaka yakutshanje waqala ukudala imisebenzi kwimixholo zembali. Ubhala amabali amafutshane enikelwe eRashiya yamandulo, Ivanu Groznomu, sithuba Troubles. Baye zapapashwa zapapashwa 1966 kwincwadi ebizwa ngokuba "Ubuso kokusa." Ngokutsho umbhali, oko yasetyenziswa "ubuchule kaMoses" kwi portraits zembali nemizobo. amabali Panorama yayiba amaqhekeza ngamnye elidlulileyo. Analogs kunye izele usingiselo zenzo. Umbhali watyhala abafundi bakhe ecinga, ukuthelekisa. Lo mxholo enkulu ingxaki yabantu kunye norhulumente, ubundlobongela kunye noxanduva esizweni kunye norhulumente. Panova Incwadi yokugqibela yapapashwa ngo-1975, emva kokufa kwakhe. Libizwa ngokuba "Xa ubomi bam, iincwadi zokufunda."

Iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi imisebenzi eziphambili Vera Panova.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Emva kokuthabatha inxaxheba Congress of Writers yiSoviet, ngehlobo lowe-1967, Panova wabuyela iLeningrad evela eMoscow uyadinwa kakhulu, kodwa kunjalo waqhubeka ukusebenza. Kwaba neziphumo ezibi: umbhali wahlaselwa sistroke, apho ubomi bakhe asikwazanga kuphila. Kodwa ke kula sifo mnyama iminyaka wabonisa omkhulu nasemandleni kokuzimisela yaye waqhubeka ukusebenza.

Umbhali Panova Vera Fedorovna ukudala imidlalo ezintsha, ubuciko biography of Muhammad (umprofeti), miniatures zembali. Oko ngeli xesha zabhalwa amanye amaphepha memoirs iprozi.

Nolwazi Sergei Dovlatov

Sergei Dovlatov wahlala endlwini efanayo yombhali. Wayeyindoda ungumtshabhisi. isimilo sakhe, nantoni na wabhala ngomntu, qiniseka ukuba ngokukhawuleza abe ligorha ayikho theatre mnandi kakhulu ahlekisayo. Vera Panova wayesazi Dovlatov. Wayesebenza ngasekupheleni '60s unobhala uncwadi ukuya yombhali. Panova kumaphepha ukubhala lakhe limenza kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. kwathiwa akusilelanga nalinye ilizwi embi ngayo. Le umlinganiswa kuphela emihle yonke imisebenzi Dovlatov.

ukufa Panova

Vera F. wafa ngo-1973, ngomhla we-3 Matshi. Umbhali wangcwatyelwa eLeningrad, emangcwabeni in Komarovo.

Ngomhla olungaphambili wendlu, zibekwe kwi Champ de Mars, 7, i lenyengane nebhodi zokubhiyizela ukuba ithi ukususela ngo-1948 ukuya ku-1970, esebenza apha wahlala Vera Fedorovna Panova. In memory of umbhali njengokubizwe emva kwenye yeendawo ezininzi esihle eLeningrad.